失超保护系统直流真空断路器开断换流分析

磁约束聚变装置的失超保护系统利用直流断路器快速切断超导磁体回路的电流,实现磁体能量的转移与释放,以保障磁体安全。随着超导磁体运行电流等级的不断提升,直流断路器的设计面临着巨大挑战。本文针对10 kV/100 kA的大容量失超保护系统设计,提出使用直流真空断路器作为开断电流的主保护开关,并详细分析了其开断换流过程。首先介绍了失超保护系统的拓扑结构和工作原理;然后具体分析了真空断路器在开断及换流阶段的数学方程,并依据开断可靠性理论,分别对换流回路、泄能回路与缓冲回路进行了计算和参数设计;最后开展了100 kA直流电流开断实验。研究结果表明,失超保护系统中使用真空断路器开断100 kA磁体电流具有理论和工程可行性,并通过实验验证了所设计的真空断路器样机能够有效开断100 kA电流,换流过程符合预期判断。本文的研究工作为大功率失超保护系统中的直流断路器设计提供了技术支撑。

大功率电流型晶闸管变频器低频PWM换流过程分析

从西门子引进的SIMOVERT A系统,其主回路采用串联二极管式晶闸管电流型逆变器,高速采用120°矩形波输出,低速时采用脉宽调制PWM输出来改善低频特性。本文将从换流原理、假设条件、换流过程分析,以及PWM波与一般矩形波在同一逆变器下换流过程的区别和应注意的问题等几方面进行分析。

IGCT的换流机理

提出一种独特的IGCT换流等效电路,建立相应的数学模型,并借助Mathematic软件对 该模型进行求解;分析了主要参量与换流时间的关系,在此基础上,描述换流后的关断过程,阐明 IGCT的换流机理。

大功率IGBT器件的参数化建模及分析

在大功率IGBT模块换流回路中,由于回路杂散电感和di/dt的共同作用,IGBT在开通和关断过程中会承受较大的电压和电流应力,增大了系统损耗和电磁干扰,降低了系统可靠性,严重影响系统的安全稳定运行。传统的分析方法由于缺乏准确且通用的IGBT模型,针对不同的换流回路和方案,需通过不断地试验测试和分析来进行优化设计,不仅成本较高、耗时,而且效率低。文章结合换流回路中杂散电感对IGBT开关特性影响的分析,利用伏安法实现对杂散电感参数的提取;根据IGBT数据手册,采用数据导入和曲线拟合的方式,实现IGBT参数化建模,并通过所建立的参数化模型进行仿真对比,验证了杂散电感参数提取方法的有效性和所建立参数化模型的准确性。最后,对样机试验和仿真测试进行对比分析,结果显示,二者电压基本吻合,下管电压尖峰实验值与仿真值的误差仅4 V,具有很好的一致性,这对复杂电路的仿真分析和后续实验数据预测与方法指导具有很大的帮助,在大功率IGBT模块的故障复现、失效分析和优化设计等方面具有十分重要的意义。

A new method for reservoir fluid identification

The wavelet transform （WT） method has been employed to decompose an original geophysical signal into a series of components containing different information about reservoir features such as pore fluids, lithology, and pore structure. We have developed a new method based on WT energy spectra analysis, by which the signal component reflecting the reservoir fluid property is extracted. We have successfully processed real log data from an oil field in central China using this method. The results of the reservoir fluid identification agree with the results of well tests.

Multiple Time Scale Analysis of River Runoff Using Wavelet Transform for Dagujia River Basin, Yantai, China

Based on monthly river runoff and meteorological data, a method of Morlet wavelet transform was used to analyze the multiple time scale characteristics of river runoff in the Dagujia River Basin, Yantai City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the total annual river runoffin the Dagujia River Basin decreased significantly from 1966 to 2004, and the rate of decrease was 48× 10^6ma/10yr, which was higher than the mean value of most rivers in China. Multiple time scale characteristics existed, which accounted for different aspects of the changes in annual river runoff, and the major periods of the runofftime series were identified as about 28 years, 14 years and 4 years with decreasing levels of fluctuation. The river runoff evolution process was controlled by changes in precipitation to a certain extent, but it was also greatly influenced by human activities. Also, for different time periods and scales, the impacts of climate changes and human activities on annual river runoff evolution occurred at the same time. Changes in the annual river runoffwere mainly associated with climate change before the 1980s and with human activities after 1981.

Multi-scale Analysis of Chaotic Characteristics in a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed

Deterministic chaos theory offers useful quantitative tools tocharacterize the non-linear dynamic be- havior of a fluidized bed andthe developed complexity theory presents a new approach to evaluatefinite sequences. In this paper, the non-linear, hydrodynamicbehavior of the pressure fluctuation signals in a reactor wasdiscussed By chaos parameters and complexity measures. Coherentresults were achieved by our multi-scale analysis, which Furtherexposed the behavior in a gas-solid two-phase system.

Mixed convective heat and mass transfer analysis for peristaltic transport in an asymmetric channel with Soret and Dufour effects

The present investigation addresses the simultaneous effects of heat and mass transfer in the mixed convection peristaltic flow of viscous fluid in an asymmetric channel. The channel walls exhibit the convective boundary conditions. In addition, the effects due to Soret and Dufour are taken into consideration. Resulting problems are solved for the series solutions. Numerical values of heat and mass transfer rates are displayed and studied. Results indicate that the concentration and temperature of the fluid increase whereas the mass transfer rate at the wall decreases with increase of the mass transfer Biot number. Furthermore, it is observed that the temperature decreases with the increase of the heat transfer Biot number.

Synthesis of Flexible Heat Exchanger Networks with Stream Splits Based on Rangers of Stream Supply Temperatures and Heat Capacity Flowrates

A new superstructure model of heat exchanger networks (HEN) with streamsplits based on rangers of streams supply temperatures and heat capacity flow rates is presented.The simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN synthesis is established too. Firstly,the streams with rangers of supply temperatures and/or the streams with the rangers of heat capacityflow rates are pretreated; Secondly, several rules are proposed to establish the superstructuremodel of HEN with splits and the simultaneous optimal mathematical model of flexible HEN; Thirdly,the improving genetic algorithm is applied to solve the mathematical model established at the secondstep effectively, and the original optimal structure of HEN based on the maximum operation limitingcondition can be obtained easily; Finally, the rules of heat exchange unit merged and the heat loadof heat exchanger relaxed are presented, the flexible configuration of HEN satisfied the operationcondition between the upper and down bounds of supply temperature and heat capacity flow rates canbe obtained based on the original optimal structure of HEN by means of these rules. A case studydemonstrates the method presented in this paper is effective

Numerical Analysis of the Nonlinear Parameterization of Waves in Currents over a Submerged Sill with a Non-Hydrostatic Model

An investigation of the effects of a uniform current strength direction(following or opposing wave propagation) on the nonlinear transformation of irregular waves over a submerged trapezoidal sill is carried out using SWASH,a non-hydrostatic numerical wave model.The nonlinear parameters(i.e.,asymmetry,skewness,and kurtosis) are calculated,and the empirical formulas for these parameters are presented as a function of the local Ursell number based on the present numerical data measured.In the shoaling area of the submerged sill,the nonlinear characteristics of waves are more obvious when waves propagate in the same direction as the currents than when waves propagate in the opposite direction.Whereas nonlinear parameters grow with the strengthening of the following currents over the crest,they tend to decrease as the adverse current velocity increases over the crest area of the submerged sill.

Influence of input acoustic power on regenerator's performance

Performance of a pulse tube cooler significantly depends on the efficient operation of its regenerator. Influence of input acoustic power on regenerator's performance is simulated and analyzed with simple harmonic analysis method. Given regenera-tor's dimensions and pressure ratio,there is an optimal input acoustic power for achieving a highest coefficient of performance,due to a compromise between relative time-averaged total energy flux in regenerator and relative acoustic power at regenerator's cold end. Additionally,optimal dimensions of regenerator are also estimated and presented for different input acoustic powers. The computed optimal diameter obviously increases with increase of input acoustic power,while the optimal length decreases slightly,and as a result,a larger input acoustic power requires a smaller aspect ratio (length over diameter).

Design of High-Speed PM Synchronous Motor Thermal and Mechanical Analyzes Study for Aerospace Retraction Wheel Motor Application

A 3-D modeling of FEA （finite element analysis） design provides for high-speed synchronous with PMs （permanent magnets） applied in aerospace application will be examined under design considerations ofn = 12,000 rpm, short-duty operation, and etc. for an ARWM （aerospace retraction wheel motor）. First, lumped-elements will be fine-tuned following numerical method results is reported steady-state and transient solutions. Besides, the equations of thermal modeling such as Re, N,,, G,. and Pr numbers in order to calculate heat-transfer coefficient of convection on the rotor and stator surfaces in the air-gap have calculated. This section illustrates the temperature distribution of each point in a clear view. By CFD （fluid dynamic analysis） analysis, the fluid dynamics were modeled, pressure and velocity streamlines of cooling-flow have analyzed. An optimization algorithm was derived in order to have optimized number of water-channels as well. Second, calculation of nodal and tangential forces which deal with mechanical stresses of the ARWM have represented. The paper discusses an accurate magnetic-field analysis that addresses equivalent stress distribution in the magnetic core through using the transient FEA to estimate motor characteristics. The whole model shear and normal mechanical stresses and total deformation oftbe ARWM has been investigated by transient FEA. The end-winding effects were included by the authors.

Evaluation of convective heat transfer in a tube based on local exergy destruction rate

In this study, exergy efficiency is defined to evaluate convective heat transfer in a tube based on the local exergy destruction rate from the equilibrium equation of available potential. By calculating this destruction rate, the local irreversibility of convective heat transfer can be evaluated quantitatively. The exergy efficiency and distribution of local exergy destruction rate for a smooth tube, an enhanced tube into which short-width twisted tape has been inserted, and an optimized tube with exergy destruction minimization are analyzed by solving the governing equations through a finite volume method(FVM). For the smooth tube, the exergy efficiency increases with increasing Reynolds number(Re) and decreases as the heat flux increases, whereas the Nusselt number(Nu) remains constant. For the enhanced tube, the exergy efficiency increases with increasing Reynolds number and increases as the short-width rate(w) increases. An analysis of the distribution of the local exergy destruction rate for a smooth tube shows that exergy destruction in the annular region between the core flow and tube wall is the highest. Furthermore, the exergy destruction for the enhanced and optimized tubes is reduced compared with that of the smooth tube. When the Reynolds number varies from 500 to 1750, the exergy efficiencies for the smooth, enhanced, and optimized tubes are in the ranges 0.367–0.485, 0.705–0.857, and 0.885–0.906, respectively. The results show that exergy efficiency is an effective evaluation criterion for convective heat transfer and the distribution of the local exergy destruction rate reveals the distribution of local irreversible loss. Disturbance in the core flow can reduce exergy destruction, and improve the exergy efficiency as well as heat transfer rate. Besides, optimization with exergy destruction minimization can provide effective guidance to improve the technology of heat transfer enhancement.

Convective heat transfer analysis for MHD peristaltic flow in an asymmetric channel

Magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic flow of Jeffery fluid in an asymmetric channel is addressed. The channel walls satisfy the convective conditions. Asymmetry here is con- sidered due to wave trains of different amplitudes and phases. Solutions for the velocity, temperature and pressure gradient are obtained using long wavelength approximation. Plots reflecting the impact of various parameters of interest are shown and examined.