漆包机的通风与排废量计算

对于催化燃烧热风循环漆包机而言,通风与排废量的计算将关系到漆包机设计、风机的风压风量及管路的尺寸等参数的选择,也关系到漆包线的生产工艺调整。漆包线通过烘炉而蒸发出来的溶剂数量。

浅谈凹陷石灰石露天矿山坑线布置方式

随着水泥工艺技术的改进,石灰石矿山中附存的砂页岩、白云岩及黏土等各种资源综合利用率也在进一步提高,这样既可以减少剥离量、降低矿山成本,也有效减少了资源浪费。为了使资源综合利用率最大化。选择合理的开拓方式尤为重要,尤其是凹陷露天矿山,因其受开采境界限制,坑线的布置方式选择空间比较小,所以选择合理的坑线布置方式意义非凡。本文以华新水泥(株洲)水泥公司为例,针对表土层和土夹石较厚的凹陷石灰石矿山,选择合理的坑线布置方式有利于矿山各种资源合理搭配,减少矿山剥离量,降低剥离成本。

Principal Component Analysis of Major Pollutants Discharge Amount in Major Cities

With the development of industry in China, the emission issues of indus- trial wastewater has got more and more attention. Excessive levels of pollutants in wastewater are urgent problem to be solved. Together with the emissions of do- mestic wastewater, the discharge amount of pollutants has exceeded standard in many cities, which not only pollutes the water resources, but also greatly threatens the environment, and does great harm to people＇s health. The principal component analysis was conducted based on the principal components extracted from the data of major pollutants emission conditions in the wastewater of major cities from the China Statistical Yearbook 2014.

盐水车间优化洗泥操作

通过对洗泥生产操作系统进行查定 ,找出了洗泥桶自身存在的问题 ,严化、细化了生产操作 ,使洗泥指标得到了优化。

Nitrosation Reaction Without Nitrogen Oxide Waste Gas Emission and Its Engineering Practice

The gas-liquid phase equilibrium is used in controlling the nitrosation reaction process. Decomposition of nitrous acid and oxidation side reaction.are suppressed in a closed reaction system. The system pressure is used as the criterion of the end of reaction, avoiding excessive feeding and reducing＇the decomposition＇of nitrous acid. The head space of the reactor is used as the gas buffer, stabilizing the feeding fluctuations and inhibiting the side reaction, decomposition of nitrous acid. Nitrogen oxide concentration is controlled at the minimum level.Thus the zero release ofnitrogen ox!de waste gas can be achieved without using any absorption process.

Factor Analysis on Quantity of Discharged Pollutants in Wastewater in Major Cities

The research performed statistical analysis on 186 data concerning the amount of discharged industrial wastewater, the amount of oxygen demand of industrial wastewater, the amount of ammonia and nitrogen discharged from industries, the amount of urban discharged domestic sewage, the amount of daily life chemical oxygen demand, and the amount of domestic ammonia and nitrogen to explore source of pollutants from wastewater and guarantee urban water quality.Factor analysis was then performed with SPSS according to discharge quantity of pollutants. The results should that the major pollutants are from domestic sewage it is expected scientific suggestions be proposed on water quality in our country.

Climate Change Responsibility and China’s Endeavor

The problem of climate change is a global challenge.It is closely associated with social development and human survival,and it has a significant impact to all countries on energy development,economic competitiveness,technological innovation,and way of life.In recent years,with the rapid economic development in China,there is a rumor that the rapid growth of China's carbon dioxide emission offset the efforts of the international community in reducing emissions,and China should bear the international responsibility corresponding to its significant role in greenhouse gas emission,which obviously are unfair and not objective.As this paper reveals,"China environment responsibility" that is the socalled "China environment threat" or theories,China has made a positive contribution to addressing the climate change in the past and China will still be the backbone on the protection of global climate in the future.

CH_4 emissions and reduction potential in wastewater treatment in China

The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.

Atmospheric Mercury Pollution in Beijing

The atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing is a serious problem.Atmospheric mercury has three sources:natural emission,anthropogenic emission and previously deposited mercury reemission or recycling,composing elemental mercury,divalent mercury and particulate-phase mercury.Many studies showed that mercury in Beijing's air was higher than the general level of mercury concentration in the atmosphere.Mercury emission sources were discussed.Industrial emissions,coal burning,vehicle exhaust emissions and waste incineration were thought to be the main sources of atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing.And also meteorology has an effect on atmospheric mercury concentration in Beijing.Measures have been taken to control the emission of mercury into the air in recent years.

Optimal scenario balance of reduction in costs and greenhouse gas emissions for municipal solid waste management

To reduce carbon intensity, an improved management method balancing the reduction in costs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is required for Tianjin's waste management system. Firstly, six objective functions, namely, cost minimization, GHG minimization, eco-efficiency minimization, cost maximization, GHG maximization and eco-efficiency maximization, are built and subjected to the same constraints with each objective function corresponding to one scenario. Secondly, GHG emissions and costs are derived from the waste flow of each scenario. Thirdly, the range of GHG emissions and costs of other potential scenarios are obtained and plotted through adjusting waste flow with infinitely possible step sizes according to the correlation among the above six scenarios. And the optimal scenario is determined based on this range. The results suggest the following conclusions. 1) The scenarios located on the border between scenario cost minimization and GHG minimization create an optimum curve, and scenario GHG minimization has the smallest eco-efficiency on the curve; 2) Simple pursuit of eco-efficiency minimization using fractional programming may be unreasonable; 3) Balancing GHG emissions from incineration and landfills benefits Tianjin's waste management system as it reduces GHG emissions and costs.

China＇s Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Solid Waste Sector： Future Trends and Peak Value

Waste disposal is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. In China, rapid economic growth and urbanization have led to increasing solid waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. Based on the first-order decay （FOD） method recommended by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, this paper systematically estimates China＇s carbon emissions from the waste sector and forecasts their peak. Results indicate that between 1981 and 2009, China＇s carbon emissions from the waste sector surged, possibly peaking by around 2024. In comparison with developed countries, there is a large potential to improve waste disposal in China. Industrial upgradation and waste disposal improvement will help reduce waste generation and carbon emissions from the waste sector.

Individual Aerosol Particles Emitted in the Ceramic-Tile Industry in Chihuahua, Mexico

The contribution of anthropogenic mineral aerosol dust has been of interest to understand the impact of dust aerosols on climate, and the health of workers occupational exposure. Several studies have been investigated the physical and chemical properties mainly in particulate matter. However, the characterizations have not extended diameters below to 1.0 μm. In this study, it described chemical composition and shape measurements of individual aerosol particles with 50% cut-off diameters less than 1.1 μm emitted at ceramic-tile manufacturing. Four emission sites of process were selected, and their samples were collected using a cascade-impactor, investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and digital image processing, where the data were analysed applying a combination of principal component and cluster analysis. Particles of tectosilicate （quartz, zeolite）, phyllosilicate （illite, montmorillonite）, and inosilicate （calcium silicate） were founded in all sampling sites; also, silicates mixed with transition metals oxides used as pigments （e.g., Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Zn and Mo）. Silicates were granulated and flat crystals with a transparent, translucent appearance; otherwise, the mixture had flake shapes and opaque appearance. Analyses of multivariate data showed that the process stages emissions were related with specific composition and shape suggesting the use three measurements related （1） the internal axis, （2） roundness and （3） roughness to isolate particles shapes, and the presence of transition metals oxides as emissions tracer of the ceramic industry.

Atmospheric Pollution due to Road Traffic Case of the Greater Casablanca Region

In the Greater Casablanca, road transport is the second largest emissions source of gaseous pollutants and particles after the industry [ 1 ]. The emitters are mobile and include different categories of vehicles in circulation, in the road network of the region [2]. Air emissions from road transport considered in this study are the exhaust emissions from combustion of fuel during vehicle movement. This is mainly SO2 （sulfur dioxide）, NOx （nitrogen oxides）, CO （carbon monoxide）, CO2 （carbon dioxide）, SP （suspended particulate） [3], VOC （volatile organic compounds）, benzene, lead Pb and cadmium. These emissions depend mainly on the technology of the vehicle （type, fuel, engine size, and age）, the vehicle speed, the engine temperature and ambient temperature [4].

The Fuzzy Evaluation of Environmental Performance in Green Supply Chain

Green supply chain is one of the trends of industry development. And performance measurement is the key to implementing the supply chain. So it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance of supply chain .According to the connotation of green supply chain and the standards of environmental management, this paper designs green performance measurement systems which is composed of four main factors such as waste emissions and exposure hazard, resource utilization, product recovery, and environmental reputation. And the authors delve deeply these factors so that it forms a two-level measurement system. Then the effect on the traditional performance measurement of supply chain is studied after taking greening to the supply chain leveL At last the authors apply the method of multi-level fuzzy judgment to the environmental performance measurement system. An example is given to show the judgment process.

GHG Emissions Estimation from Household Solid Waste Management in Jakarta, Indonesia

This study defines and compares four scenarios for MSW （municipal solid waste） management： Scenario 1, unsorted waste taken to a landfill （baseline scenario）; Scenario 2, sorted waste used for home or communal composting; Scenario 3, sorted waste used for anaerobic digestion; and Scenario 4, sorted waste taken to a composting centre. The results of this study suggest that Scenario 1 would emit the highest levels of GHG （greenhouse gas） emissions, 692 x 103 tonnes CO2eq per year. Scenario 3 would have the lowest levels of GHG emissions, 195 x 103 tonnes CO2eq per year. Compared with the baseline scenario, it yields a 72% reduction of GHG emissions with a total savings of 498 ~ 103 tonnes CO2eq per year. The second-best option is Scenario 2, followed closely by Scenario 4, both yield 66.6% reductions with deviation by 0.03%. The deviation is due to transportation, which emission is negligibly small. The amounts of GHG savings for Scenario 2 and 4 are 461.3 ×10^3 tonnes CO2eq per year and 461×10^3 tonnes CO2eq per year, respectively It is evident from these results that anaerobic digestion has the highest potential for reducing GHG emissions.

Effects of Self-purification of River Water on Laundry Wastewater

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of laundry wastewater on the contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid(LAS) were studied in 7 rivers of Shaoxing City. [Result](1) The contents of TN, TP, SS, COD and LAS increased by 92%, 99%, 340%, 351% and 923%, respectively, at the discharging moment of laundry wastewater; and(2) the five pollutional indexes significantly decreased over time, and especially 2 h after the discharge of laundry wastewater, compared with former the discharge of laundry wastewater, the contents of TN, TP, COD and LAS increased by 6%, 11%, 9% and13%, respectively,while the contents of SS still increased by 76%, i.e., SS required a longer time to achieve self-purification. [Conclusion] Laundry wastewater has some influence on thequality of river water, and the self-purification function of river water could effectively remove pollutants.

Modeling and multi-objective optimization of a gasoline engine using neural networks and evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization （MOPSO） algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） are used to optimize the operating parameters of a 1.6 L, spark ignition （SI） gasoline engine. The aim of this optimization is to reduce engine emissions in terms of carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocarbons （HC）, and nitrogen oxides （NOx）, which are the causes of diverse environmental problems such as air pollution and global warming. Stationary engine tests were performed for data generation, covering 60 operating conditions. Artificial neural networks （ANNs） were used to predict exhaust emissions, whose inputs were from six engine operating parameters, and the outputs were three resulting exhaust emissions. The outputs of ANNs were used to evaluate objective functions within the optimization algorithms： NSGA-II and MOPSO. Then a decision-making process was conducted, using a fuzzy method to select a Pareto solution with which the best emission reductions can be achieved. The NSGA-II algorithm achieved reductions of at least 9.84%, 82.44%, and 13.78% for CO, HC, and NOx, respectively. With a MOPSO algorithm the reached reductions were at least 13.68%, 83.80%, and 7.67% for CO, HC, and NOx, respectively.