An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China w...An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China were reviewed and the fimctions of drainage tunnel were categorized as catchment and interception. Numerical simulations were conducted. The results show that both catchment and interception tunnels have variation of the function in the simulation of monolayer model, which shows the reduction of permeability condition in lower layer. The function of catchment can be observed in the deep slope, while the function of interception is observed near groundwater source. By using the slope safety factor and discharge water amount as the objectives of optimal drainage tunnel location, and pore-water pressure in fixed node and section flux as the judgment for construction quality of adjacent drainage tunnel, the design principle of drainage tunnel was introduced. The K103 Landslide was illustrated as an example to determine the optimal drainage tunnel location. The measured drainage tunnel efficiency was evaluated and compared with that from the numerical analyses based on groundwater data. The results validate the present numerical study.展开更多
The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But t...The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But the interaction between different parts demands that each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the basis of the separated design a water netvrork superstructure including reuse, regeneration and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a multi-objective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously integrate the overall water netvrork to balance the economic and environmental effects. The algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in acceptable computer time. Prom the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.展开更多
Multi-factor productivity(MFP) in underground coal mining has been on the decline for the last decade.The mining industry requires a viable and sustainable approach to overcome the current downtrend. This is only poss...Multi-factor productivity(MFP) in underground coal mining has been on the decline for the last decade.The mining industry requires a viable and sustainable approach to overcome the current downtrend. This is only possible by concurrently focussing on productivity improvement and operating costs reduction,delivered through both incremental and step change technology development. Four technologies are presented in this paper: fibre optic borehole sensing has been demonstrated to reveal detailed information about gas flow influx, water level and borehole blockage events occurring along the length of a surfaceto-inseam lateral. Fibre optic gas sensing has also been investigated, and this technology promises a remote, intrinsically safe, distributed solution. Recent developments in continuous water jet drilling technology have demonstrated a step change increase in drilling rates and flexibility for coal seam degassing,applicable in both surface-to-inseam and underground in-seam applications. The application of water jet technology to the cable bolt drilling problem offers potential to address a serious health and safety and productivity issue in the roadway development process.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of lau...[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of laundry wastewater on the contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid(LAS) were studied in 7 rivers of Shaoxing City. [Result](1) The contents of TN, TP, SS, COD and LAS increased by 92%, 99%, 340%, 351% and 923%, respectively, at the discharging moment of laundry wastewater; and(2) the five pollutional indexes significantly decreased over time, and especially 2 h after the discharge of laundry wastewater, compared with former the discharge of laundry wastewater, the contents of TN, TP, COD and LAS increased by 6%, 11%, 9% and13%, respectively,while the contents of SS still increased by 76%, i.e., SS required a longer time to achieve self-purification. [Conclusion] Laundry wastewater has some influence on thequality of river water, and the self-purification function of river water could effectively remove pollutants.展开更多
Water and agriculture are interlinked： water is indispensable for agricultural production and agricultural production results in emissions of nutrients and other substances to surfacewater and groundwater. However, n...Water and agriculture are interlinked： water is indispensable for agricultural production and agricultural production results in emissions of nutrients and other substances to surfacewater and groundwater. However, not only in physical terms are water and agriculture interlinked, there are also strong links between water and agricultural policies. This paper focuses on European National Policies on water and agriculture. Agricultural practices are primarily regulated by European Agricultural Policies, such as the Nitrate Directive, Directive 2009/128/EC on sustainable use of pesticides and the Common Agricultural Policies. The achievement of the objectives for nutrients and pesticides of European water related policies, such as the Drinking Water Directive and the Water Framework Directive, depends on agricultural practices. Therefore, for an effective and efficient implementation of sustainable policies on both agriculture and water, it is necessary to make sure that the targets and instruments of the two policy areas are properly aligned. Current practices show that this is not yet the case; so, there is room for improvement. This paper highlights steps needed to improve cooperation between these two policy domains and discusses first steps already taken at the European level. In addition, some examples of Dutch National Initiatives resulting from a dialogue between farmers and water managers with the aim of combining the objectives of water and agricultural policies and interests are presented.展开更多
In this study, a porous inserted regenerative thermal oxidizer （PRTO） system was developed for a 125 kW industrial copper-melting furnace, due to its advantages of low NOr emissions and high radiant efficiency. Zirc...In this study, a porous inserted regenerative thermal oxidizer （PRTO） system was developed for a 125 kW industrial copper-melting furnace, due to its advantages of low NOr emissions and high radiant efficiency. Zirconium dioxide （ZrOz） ce- ramic foams were placed into the combustion zone of a regenerative thermal oxidizer （RTO）. Different performance characteris- tics of the RTO and PRTO systems, including pressure drop, temperature distribution, emissions, and energy efficiency, were evaluated to study the effects of the porous inserts on non-premixed CH4 combustion. It was found that the PRTO system achieved a significant reduction in the NOx emission level and a fuel saving of approximately 30% compared to the RTO system. It is most suitable for a lean combustion process at an equivalence ratio 〈0.4 with NOx and CO emission levels within 0.002%~）.003% and 0.001%q3.002%, respectively.展开更多
基金Foundation item： Project（1220BAK10B06） supported by the National ＂Twelfth Five-Year＂ Plan for Science ＆ Technology Support Program of China Project（20100101110026） supported by the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Project（2009RS0050） supported by the Key Innovation Team Support Fund of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China were reviewed and the fimctions of drainage tunnel were categorized as catchment and interception. Numerical simulations were conducted. The results show that both catchment and interception tunnels have variation of the function in the simulation of monolayer model, which shows the reduction of permeability condition in lower layer. The function of catchment can be observed in the deep slope, while the function of interception is observed near groundwater source. By using the slope safety factor and discharge water amount as the objectives of optimal drainage tunnel location, and pore-water pressure in fixed node and section flux as the judgment for construction quality of adjacent drainage tunnel, the design principle of drainage tunnel was introduced. The K103 Landslide was illustrated as an example to determine the optimal drainage tunnel location. The measured drainage tunnel efficiency was evaluated and compared with that from the numerical analyses based on groundwater data. The results validate the present numerical study.
文摘The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But the interaction between different parts demands that each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the basis of the separated design a water netvrork superstructure including reuse, regeneration and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a multi-objective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously integrate the overall water netvrork to balance the economic and environmental effects. The algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in acceptable computer time. Prom the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.
基金Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)CRCMining’s Coal Technologies and Fugitive Emissions Research programThe University of Queensland
文摘Multi-factor productivity(MFP) in underground coal mining has been on the decline for the last decade.The mining industry requires a viable and sustainable approach to overcome the current downtrend. This is only possible by concurrently focussing on productivity improvement and operating costs reduction,delivered through both incremental and step change technology development. Four technologies are presented in this paper: fibre optic borehole sensing has been demonstrated to reveal detailed information about gas flow influx, water level and borehole blockage events occurring along the length of a surfaceto-inseam lateral. Fibre optic gas sensing has also been investigated, and this technology promises a remote, intrinsically safe, distributed solution. Recent developments in continuous water jet drilling technology have demonstrated a step change increase in drilling rates and flexibility for coal seam degassing,applicable in both surface-to-inseam and underground in-seam applications. The application of water jet technology to the cable bolt drilling problem offers potential to address a serious health and safety and productivity issue in the roadway development process.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31500321)Scientific Research Foundation of Shaoxing University(20145024)
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of laundry wastewater on the quality of river water and the dilution purification effect of river water on laundry wastewater. [Method] The effects of laundry wastewater on the contents of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid(LAS) were studied in 7 rivers of Shaoxing City. [Result](1) The contents of TN, TP, SS, COD and LAS increased by 92%, 99%, 340%, 351% and 923%, respectively, at the discharging moment of laundry wastewater; and(2) the five pollutional indexes significantly decreased over time, and especially 2 h after the discharge of laundry wastewater, compared with former the discharge of laundry wastewater, the contents of TN, TP, COD and LAS increased by 6%, 11%, 9% and13%, respectively,while the contents of SS still increased by 76%, i.e., SS required a longer time to achieve self-purification. [Conclusion] Laundry wastewater has some influence on thequality of river water, and the self-purification function of river water could effectively remove pollutants.
文摘Water and agriculture are interlinked： water is indispensable for agricultural production and agricultural production results in emissions of nutrients and other substances to surfacewater and groundwater. However, not only in physical terms are water and agriculture interlinked, there are also strong links between water and agricultural policies. This paper focuses on European National Policies on water and agriculture. Agricultural practices are primarily regulated by European Agricultural Policies, such as the Nitrate Directive, Directive 2009/128/EC on sustainable use of pesticides and the Common Agricultural Policies. The achievement of the objectives for nutrients and pesticides of European water related policies, such as the Drinking Water Directive and the Water Framework Directive, depends on agricultural practices. Therefore, for an effective and efficient implementation of sustainable policies on both agriculture and water, it is necessary to make sure that the targets and instruments of the two policy areas are properly aligned. Current practices show that this is not yet the case; so, there is room for improvement. This paper highlights steps needed to improve cooperation between these two policy domains and discusses first steps already taken at the European level. In addition, some examples of Dutch National Initiatives resulting from a dialogue between farmers and water managers with the aim of combining the objectives of water and agricultural policies and interests are presented.
文摘In this study, a porous inserted regenerative thermal oxidizer （PRTO） system was developed for a 125 kW industrial copper-melting furnace, due to its advantages of low NOr emissions and high radiant efficiency. Zirconium dioxide （ZrOz） ce- ramic foams were placed into the combustion zone of a regenerative thermal oxidizer （RTO）. Different performance characteris- tics of the RTO and PRTO systems, including pressure drop, temperature distribution, emissions, and energy efficiency, were evaluated to study the effects of the porous inserts on non-premixed CH4 combustion. It was found that the PRTO system achieved a significant reduction in the NOx emission level and a fuel saving of approximately 30% compared to the RTO system. It is most suitable for a lean combustion process at an equivalence ratio 〈0.4 with NOx and CO emission levels within 0.002%~）.003% and 0.001%q3.002%, respectively.
