以华北平原玉米‖大豆为研究对象,研究间作对农田土壤CO2、CH4和N2O排放的影响,在此基础上对系统净温室气体平衡（Net greenhouse gas balance,△GWP）进行评价。结果表明,整个生育期玉米单作处理（M）的CO2累积排放最高（12.6t/hm^2）...以华北平原玉米‖大豆为研究对象,研究间作对农田土壤CO2、CH4和N2O排放的影响,在此基础上对系统净温室气体平衡（Net greenhouse gas balance,△GWP）进行评价。结果表明,整个生育期玉米单作处理（M）的CO2累积排放最高（12.6t/hm^2）,玉米大豆间作处理比M处理减少4.0%-8.9%。M处理的土壤N2O排放最高（16.0kg/hm^2）,显著高于间作处理,间作处理比M减少32.2%-36.6%（P〈0.05）。间作和单作处理间土壤CH4排放没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。土壤CO2排放动态主要与土壤温度显著相关,而土壤N2O排放则主要与土壤水分含量显著相关（P〈0.05）。不同系统的△GWP不同,M系统的△GWP为8 681kg/hm^2,高于等行距间作系统（6635kg/hm^2）,而低于宽窄行间作系统（9 753kg/hm^2）。结果显示,合理的玉米‖大豆间作模式能够减少农田温室气体排放。展开更多
We use the refined Laspeyres index decomposition method to determine the main CO2 emissions from industry and analyze differences in these over the period 1994-2007. Then we examined the decoupling state between carbo...We use the refined Laspeyres index decomposition method to determine the main CO2 emissions from industry and analyze differences in these over the period 1994-2007. Then we examined the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth and the effectiveness of the implementation of emission reduction policy. We found that output effect is the dominant positive factor for carbon emissions growth in China＇s industrial sectors, and the effect of energy intensity change is the mainfactor affecting carbon emission reductions; the impact of these two factors is respectively 357.20% and -248.67%. The food industry, textile industry and machinery industry show a decreasing trend in emissions, and emissions from the oil industry increased by 217.75%. From 1994 to 2007 and 2000 to 2007, the decoupling index of carbon emissions and the industrial sector was 0.63 and 0.56 respectively. This indicates carbon emissions and economic growth are in a weak decoupling state, and emission reduction policies lack efficacy. These findings can be used in the design of policy priorities for improving decoupling across industrial sectors.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industr...Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industry is its huge energy consumption and carbon emissions, but the development of a comprehensive energy consumption assessment has lagged. Here, a comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission model suitable for hospitality is established, using comprehensive data collected for hotels over six years and with reference to general international methods, decomposition analysis methods as recommended by the IPCC, and related standards in China. Our study shows that the maximum comparable unit energy consumption per building area among four- and five-star hotels is 73.26 kg ce m-2 y-l. Through energy-saving reconstruction, the comprehensive energy consumption of five-star hotels has declined by 4.1% in six years and is smaller than the advanced comparable value of 55 kg ce m2 y4. The comparable unit energy consumption per area building of most two- and three-star hotels （53 kg ce m2 y-l） is higher than the reasonable value. There are large numbers of hotels of this type in China and the potential energy savings are huge. Analyzing factors of energy consumption, we found that indirect carbon emissions from electricity usage are the most significant. From an energy consumption structural perspective, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning （HVAC） System accounts for most energy consumption. This research provides a foundation for further examination of energy-savings, emission reduction plans and Monitoring Reporting Verification （MRV） in the hospitality sector.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Fund Program (71171035)National Social Science Fund Program (10zd&010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Program (70901016)
文摘We use the refined Laspeyres index decomposition method to determine the main CO2 emissions from industry and analyze differences in these over the period 1994-2007. Then we examined the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth and the effectiveness of the implementation of emission reduction policy. We found that output effect is the dominant positive factor for carbon emissions growth in China＇s industrial sectors, and the effect of energy intensity change is the mainfactor affecting carbon emission reductions; the impact of these two factors is respectively 357.20% and -248.67%. The food industry, textile industry and machinery industry show a decreasing trend in emissions, and emissions from the oil industry increased by 217.75%. From 1994 to 2007 and 2000 to 2007, the decoupling index of carbon emissions and the industrial sector was 0.63 and 0.56 respectively. This indicates carbon emissions and economic growth are in a weak decoupling state, and emission reduction policies lack efficacy. These findings can be used in the design of policy priorities for improving decoupling across industrial sectors.
基金Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50402)Key Research of Shanghai Institute of Tourism(No.RS2015-B3)
文摘Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industry is its huge energy consumption and carbon emissions, but the development of a comprehensive energy consumption assessment has lagged. Here, a comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission model suitable for hospitality is established, using comprehensive data collected for hotels over six years and with reference to general international methods, decomposition analysis methods as recommended by the IPCC, and related standards in China. Our study shows that the maximum comparable unit energy consumption per building area among four- and five-star hotels is 73.26 kg ce m-2 y-l. Through energy-saving reconstruction, the comprehensive energy consumption of five-star hotels has declined by 4.1% in six years and is smaller than the advanced comparable value of 55 kg ce m2 y4. The comparable unit energy consumption per area building of most two- and three-star hotels （53 kg ce m2 y-l） is higher than the reasonable value. There are large numbers of hotels of this type in China and the potential energy savings are huge. Analyzing factors of energy consumption, we found that indirect carbon emissions from electricity usage are the most significant. From an energy consumption structural perspective, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning （HVAC） System accounts for most energy consumption. This research provides a foundation for further examination of energy-savings, emission reduction plans and Monitoring Reporting Verification （MRV） in the hospitality sector.
