Three types of low-carbon vehicle technologies in China are reviewed. Potential effects are listed for those integrated energy-saving technologies for conventional vehicles. Low carbon transitions, including alternati...Three types of low-carbon vehicle technologies in China are reviewed. Potential effects are listed for those integrated energy-saving technologies for conventional vehicles. Low carbon transitions, including alternative vehicle power train systems and fuels, are discussed on their development status and trends, including life cycle primary fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of each pathway. To further support the low-carbon vehicle technologies development, integrated policies should seek to： （1） employ those integrated energy-saving technologies, （2） apply hybrid electric technology, （3） commercialize electric vehicles through battery technology innovation, （4） support fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen technology R＆D for future potential applications, （5） boost the R＆D of second generation biofuel technology, and （6） conduct further research on applying low-carbon technologies including CO2 capture and storage technology to coal-based transportation solutions.展开更多
This work examines the effect of fuel temperature in the gas emissions that is used in a four-stroke diesel engine under maximum constant fuel consumption. The fuel temperatures that were used are 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃,...This work examines the effect of fuel temperature in the gas emissions that is used in a four-stroke diesel engine under maximum constant fuel consumption. The fuel temperatures that were used are 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70℃ and 80 ℃. The engine was functioned under full load condition when it was using different mixtures of diesel-palm oil as fuel. For those fuel temperatures and for any mixture of fuel the gas emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocarbons （HC）, nitrogen monoxide （NO） and rotate speed of engine are examined.展开更多
The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national ...The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national specificities. HyFrance3 is a new project that focuses on the economic competitiveness of different steps of the hydrogen chain, from the production to end usage, at the time horizon of 2030 in France. The project is coordinated by CEA with the other partners being： ADEME （co-funding）, AFH2, CNRS, IFP, Air Liquide, EdF, GdF Suez, TOTAL, ALPHEA. The project is divided into 4 sub-projects, that address present and future French hydrogen industrial markets for chemical ＆ refinery uses, the analysis of the interplay between wind energy production and storage of hydrogen for different automotive requirements （refuelling stations, BtL plants, H2/NG mix）, massive hydrogen storage to balance various offer and demand characteristics, and the supply network （pipeline option competitiveness vs. trucked in supply） to distribute hydrogen in a French region for automotive applications. Technical and economical issues, as well as GHG emissions, are addressed.展开更多
The possibility of using hydrogen to lower CO 2 emissions in the iron-making process was confirmed by the heat and mass balances in the blast furnace operation. The mass and heat balances for hydrogen utilization in t...The possibility of using hydrogen to lower CO 2 emissions in the iron-making process was confirmed by the heat and mass balances in the blast furnace operation. The mass and heat balances for hydrogen utilization in the blast furnace were estimated by using the basic concept of RIST operating diagram. In this study, the RIST operating diagram was modified to be suitable for representing the operation with respect to hydrogen, where the RIST operating diagram is a graphical representation of heat and mass balance in blast furnace operation. RIST operating diagram was applied here to some individual parameters of interest such as H 2 injection in blast furnace process to reduce coke (carbon consumption). It was observed that the point W moved to the right in the RIST operating diagram under the condition of increasing hydrogen injection at tuyere, which originates from the contribution of gas composition (O/H 2 ) equilibrated with Fe/FeO at a certain temperature. Point P also moved downward due to heat requirement with respect to hydrogen utilization, by which the new RIST operating diagram for hydrogen utilization was able to be constructed. Under the condition of hydrogen injection, the expected overall carbon consumption in the blast furnace decreased due to the contribution of hydrogen.展开更多
基金co-supported by the China National Social Science Foundation(09&ZD029)MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities in China (2009JJD790029)+1 种基金Doctoral Thesis Fund of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (zz200923)the CAERC program(Tsinghua/ GM/SAIC-China)
文摘Three types of low-carbon vehicle technologies in China are reviewed. Potential effects are listed for those integrated energy-saving technologies for conventional vehicles. Low carbon transitions, including alternative vehicle power train systems and fuels, are discussed on their development status and trends, including life cycle primary fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of each pathway. To further support the low-carbon vehicle technologies development, integrated policies should seek to： （1） employ those integrated energy-saving technologies, （2） apply hybrid electric technology, （3） commercialize electric vehicles through battery technology innovation, （4） support fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen technology R＆D for future potential applications, （5） boost the R＆D of second generation biofuel technology, and （6） conduct further research on applying low-carbon technologies including CO2 capture and storage technology to coal-based transportation solutions.
文摘This work examines the effect of fuel temperature in the gas emissions that is used in a four-stroke diesel engine under maximum constant fuel consumption. The fuel temperatures that were used are 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70℃ and 80 ℃. The engine was functioned under full load condition when it was using different mixtures of diesel-palm oil as fuel. For those fuel temperatures and for any mixture of fuel the gas emissions of carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocarbons （HC）, nitrogen monoxide （NO） and rotate speed of engine are examined.
文摘The HyFrance Group was originally formed in France to support the European project HyWays, by providing （former projects HyFrancel and HyFrance2） the French data and possible hydrogen pathways according to national specificities. HyFrance3 is a new project that focuses on the economic competitiveness of different steps of the hydrogen chain, from the production to end usage, at the time horizon of 2030 in France. The project is coordinated by CEA with the other partners being： ADEME （co-funding）, AFH2, CNRS, IFP, Air Liquide, EdF, GdF Suez, TOTAL, ALPHEA. The project is divided into 4 sub-projects, that address present and future French hydrogen industrial markets for chemical ＆ refinery uses, the analysis of the interplay between wind energy production and storage of hydrogen for different automotive requirements （refuelling stations, BtL plants, H2/NG mix）, massive hydrogen storage to balance various offer and demand characteristics, and the supply network （pipeline option competitiveness vs. trucked in supply） to distribute hydrogen in a French region for automotive applications. Technical and economical issues, as well as GHG emissions, are addressed.
文摘The possibility of using hydrogen to lower CO 2 emissions in the iron-making process was confirmed by the heat and mass balances in the blast furnace operation. The mass and heat balances for hydrogen utilization in the blast furnace were estimated by using the basic concept of RIST operating diagram. In this study, the RIST operating diagram was modified to be suitable for representing the operation with respect to hydrogen, where the RIST operating diagram is a graphical representation of heat and mass balance in blast furnace operation. RIST operating diagram was applied here to some individual parameters of interest such as H 2 injection in blast furnace process to reduce coke (carbon consumption). It was observed that the point W moved to the right in the RIST operating diagram under the condition of increasing hydrogen injection at tuyere, which originates from the contribution of gas composition (O/H 2 ) equilibrated with Fe/FeO at a certain temperature. Point P also moved downward due to heat requirement with respect to hydrogen utilization, by which the new RIST operating diagram for hydrogen utilization was able to be constructed. Under the condition of hydrogen injection, the expected overall carbon consumption in the blast furnace decreased due to the contribution of hydrogen.
