电镀废水中有机污染物产排污特征与排放控制要求

结合电镀生产工艺流程和电镀废水末端治理工艺流程,分析了电镀废水中有机污染物的产排污节点、种类和特征。按照我国现行国家和地方水污染物排放标准对电镀废水有机污染物的排放限值,指出电镀企业应对废水中有机污染物进行二级生物处理或深度处理,才能达到标准要求。结合实际调研,分析了电镀废水有机污染物达标难点,并提出源头预防与末端组合工艺相结合的污染防治思路。

北方某农村地区生活污水集中式收集处理下排污特征及去除效果分析

针对我国北方某75座农村生活污水处理站,利用2022年9月—2024年2月实际运行数据,系统分析了该地区农村生活污水进水量和进水水质特征,并讨论了A^(3)O+MBBR工艺的去除效果。结果表明:1)我国北方农村地区居民具有避免冬季低温下水管道冻结而保持管道内常流水的用水习惯,农村居民外出务工节假日返乡的人口流动特点,导致冬季污水处理站进水量增加进水水质质量浓度降低;2)3种不同设计规模污水处理站的进水量分别在0~60、0~160、0~180 m^(3)·d^(-1),COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP质量浓度分别为0~200、0~50、0~4、0~50 mg·L^(-1),且该地区氮的形态主要为氨氮;3)A^(3)O+MBBR工艺基本满足我国北方农村地区集中式一体化处理生活污水的需求,3种设计规模污水处理站的COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP的去除率分别为71.55%~78.76%、93.34%~94.73%、87.99%~88.92%、61.69%~71.38%,针对部分进水水质异常情况需调节适宜的C/N比来满足去除效果。

江苏省典型工业源挥发性有机物排污特征与减排潜力分析

VOCs是臭氧和二次有机气溶胶等复合型污染的前驱体。基于原辅料和生产工艺的角度,构建江苏省内人造板、印刷、电子、橡胶和塑料、制药、化工、喷涂为代表的典型工业行业VOCs成分谱。通过最大增量反应活性系数(MIR)、气溶胶生成系数(FAC),依据原辅料、产品和工艺的区别,分析各行业、企业VOCs组分区别与臭氧生成潜势和二次颗粒物生成潜势。结果表明:橡胶和塑料行业单位OFP最高,约为4.09 g·g^(-1);SOA较高的印刷、制药、涂装、橡胶和塑料行业,其值约为1.5 g·g^(-1);通过MIR和FAC系数模型可知,橡胶和塑料行业是O_(3)污染管控重点,印刷、制药、涂装、橡胶和塑料行业是二次气溶胶的管控重点。基于江苏省典型工业行业VOCs特征,分析我国现行VOCs治理技术指南推荐工艺与现存低效治理工艺的差异,以估算全国典型工业行业VOCs年产污量和污染特性减排潜力,可为VOCs管理相关法规政策制定提供依据。

第三产业的小型排污者污染物排放特征值核定方法探讨

在等标废水的基本概念下,以污染当量值为基础,以类比抽测数据为依据,通过统计计算,得出餐饮、娱乐、服务等第三产业的小型排污者污染物特征值的计算方法,并给出不同行业计算污染物特征值的参数。

Source-sink landscape spatial characteristics and effect on non-point source pollution in a small catchment of the Three Gorge Reservoir Region

The source and sink landscape patterns refer to landscape types or units that can either promote positive evolvement of non-point source(NPS) pollution process, or can prevent/defer the ecological process, respectively. Therefore, the role of a catchment landscape pattern in nutrient losses can be identified based on the spatial arrangement of source and sink landscapes. To reveal the relations between landscape spatial characteristics and NPS pollution in small catchment, a case study was carried out in a Wangjiagou small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), China. Google earth imagery for 2015 were processed and used to differentiate source and sink landscape types, and six subcatchments were selected as sample regions for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length was used to construct the Lorenz curves of different source and sink landscape types in the catchment, in order to assess the source and sink landscape spatial characteristics. By calculating the location-weighted landscape indices of each subcatchment and total catchment, the landscape spatial load characteristics affecting the NPS pollution was identified, with a further Pearson correlation analysis for location-weighted landscape indices and nitrogen-phosphorus monitoring indicators. The analysis of Lorenz curve has revealed that the obtained distribution trend of Lorenz curve and curve area quantified well the spatial characteristics of source and sink landscape pattern related to the relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length in small catchment. Results of Pearson correction analysis indicated that location-weighted landscape index(LWLI) combining of terrain and landscape type factor did better in reflecting the status of nitrogen and phosphorus loss than the indices related to relative elevation, slope gradient and relative flow length.