海洋钻井平台立柱式排管机设计

排管机用于在钻台排放架与井口之间往返自动抓取与排放钻杆,是海洋钻井平台钻杆自动排放中最为繁忙的装置。介绍了立柱式排管机总体机械结构组成及主要技术参数、液压系统原理及控制方式。设计的排管机适合于双联井架钻机,具有操作灵活可靠、运动稳定、操作空间大等优势,适合深水半潜式钻井平台及钻井船钻台立根自动排放操作。

基于AMESim的排管机末端夹紧装置液压系统仿真分析

介绍了自动送钻装置末端加持器的构成和工作原理,基于AMESim平台对其进行仿真分析,通过给定特定的信号,研究系统的动态特性,为该装置的参数设定提供一定的依据。

排管机负载敏感泵控系统的仿真分析

在对负载敏感泵控系统理论分析的基础上,借助AMESim软件,建立了基于负载敏感技术的排管机调垂(纠偏)液压系统的仿真模型,给出了负载以阶跃和斜坡两种信号输入的情况下,泵压力与流量跟随液压缸压力和流量变化的曲线。研究结果表明,该负载敏感液压系统可根据负载所需流量和压力的反馈,自动调节变量泵提供相应的压力与流量,达到了显著节能目的。

基于SIMATIC T-CPU垂直排管机控制系统的应用

根据海洋钻井平台自动排放工艺特点,以垂直排管机为研究对象,采用以西门子公司SIMATIC T-CPU为核心的控制器,通过西门子公司的分布式I/O PROFIBUS-DP总线接口模块IM174和液压伺服系统搭建了运动控制系统,运用SIMATIC T-CPU强大的运动控制功能,借助SIMATIC Tehnology进行运动控制。经实践检验,这种方案简单易行,可以实现垂直排管机控制功能。

钻机二层台推扶式排管机变幅机构优化研究

二层台排管机作为实现二层台机械化、无人化、自动化的关键设备,其不同的工作形式、机构布置方案对井架、二层台和起下钻作业流程设计具有重要影响。其变幅机构的设计方案与整个机构的驱动力和结构响应密切相关。以某型海洋修井机推扶式排管机为参考,通过动力学仿真分析研究准静态过程中油缸前置和油缸后置两种变幅机构布置形式下各部件的受力特点和变化规律,同时研究了铰点优化设计对载荷响应的影响。结果显示,油缸前置方案拥有更优的结构载荷响应曲线,适用于大工作载荷的二层台推扶式排管机设计,但变幅机构需占用更大空间。铰点优化设计能有效降低变幅机构的驱动力,但结构载荷响应主要决定于机构布置形式,需按照载荷大小选取合适机构布置形式。

基于ANSYS和响应面法的排管机立柱优化设计

为满足排管机立柱的轻量化设计要求,快速实现设备的降本增效,以排管机立柱截面尺寸优化为研究重点,利用Design Modeler模块进行参数化建模,利用ANSYS Workbench软件静力学模块对立柱的刚度、强度以及振动模态进行有限元分析,并对立柱的结构参数进行优化。分析结果表明:立柱侧壁板宽度L_2和折弯板角度α对最大总变形的敏感度最高,增大L_2和α的数值可以有效减小最大总变形量; L_2和α对最大等效应力的影响是非线性的,随着α的增大,最大等效应力先升高后降低,L_2增大时最大等效应力会降低;优化方案相较原方案质量减轻3. 2%,最大总变形量降低14. 1%,在最大等效应力降低的同时前3阶固有频率均有所提高,达到了减轻立柱质量、增强刚度及提高固有频率的优化目的。所得结果可为类似机械设备的尺寸优化设计提供借鉴与参考。

海上钻井平台双臂排管机的技术现状及发展趋势

概述了海上钻井平台双臂排管机的功能及工作原理,介绍了双臂排管机不同的结构形式分类,主要组成模块及其功能,描述了国内外双臂排管机的技术发展现状,几个主要公司产品的技术特点,指出海上钻井平台双臂排管机系统将向高可靠性、高效率、智能化方向发展。

一种基于PROFINET的钻井平台排管机中央控制系统

排管机是海洋钻井平台工作过程中最忙碌的机械设备,主要用在猫道机、鼠洞、指梁盒、井口等位置之间抓取和排放钻杆。首先介绍了钻井平台排管设备的组成和工艺流程,然后给出了排管工艺过程控制系统的详细架构和搭建过程。通过PROFINET网络实现了排管过程的中央控制,能够完全满足生产工艺要求,具有操作简单、运行稳定等优势。最后,提出了排管系统未来的发展方向。

浅析立柱式排管机机械臂原理及组合方式

夹持机械臂和扶正机械臂是立柱式排管机的重要组成部分,总结了不同公司产品中五种常用的机械臂组合方式,并对它们的基本结构进行了对比和分析。

立柱式排管机回转角度高精度测量与自动化控制研究

自动化管柱处理装备的规模应用已成为石油钻井装备的发展趋势。回转运动是立柱式排管机、钻台机械手、二层台机械手、自动井架工等自动化管柱处理装置的重要运动形式。目前,立柱式排管机回转角度的测量主要依赖人工控制,精度低,自动化程度很低。基于高精度测量传感器、液压摆线马达、液压伺服比例系统、PLC控制系统等建立了回转角度高精度测量与控制系统。系统所采集的角度信号传输给控制器后,按既定算法,控制比例伺服阀动作,完成精确的定位与控制。该系统可精确地自动控制立柱式排管机的旋转。蓄能器的应用提高了能量的利用效率,降低了成本。采用立柱式排管机回转角度高精度测量与控制技术,提高了自动化程度、作业安全和作业效率,对钻井施工有重要意义。

海洋钻机自动排管机液压吊卡的设计

海洋钻机是进行海上油气开采的必要设备,自动排管机是海洋钻井平台的管处理系统的核心子系统,具有十分重要的作用。排管机液压吊卡是钻具由水平转化为竖直、钻具自动连接、自动转移以及自动排放的核心设备。该排管机液压吊卡已经成功应用于某公司建造的TZ400自升式海洋钻井平台,设计、制造和厂内试验等工作均完成,并成功安装在TZ400自升式海洋钻井平台上。该文主要从设计开发的角度介绍该设备。

自动化技术在半自动试管排管机中的应用

论述了半自动试管排管机机械系统和控制系统的原理、结构及特点,重点介绍排管机精确定位方法及控制方法,并给出了PLC控制程序框图,以便于同行间探讨。

排管机使用过程中典型故障分析

排管机(PRS)用于在钻台立根盒与井口之间往返自动抓取与排放钻杆,是NOV钻井包中自动化程度较高同时又是较易出现故障的设备。本文从排管机的基本结构及主要功能入手,结合中油海17平台生产作业中排管机出现的几次典型故障及维修过程,总结今后排管机在使用过程中更为科学的操作方法及相关注意事项。

海洋钻机自动排管机夹紧机械手受力分析和计算

海洋钻机是进行海上油气开采的必要实现途径,自动排管机是海洋钻井平台的管处理系统的核心子系统,具有十分重要的作用。排管机夹紧机械手是实现钻具夹持、移动、运输的核心执行机构。该设备的安全性与稳定性一直是困扰海洋钻机实现自动排管的棘手问题,本文主要从设计开发的角度介绍该设备。

海洋平台连续起下钻钻机及关键设备研究

针对当前常规海洋自升式钻井平台钻井作业采用间歇起下钻方式存在的起下钻作业时间长、井下复杂情况多等缺点,提出了一种全新概念海洋自升式钻井平台的连续起下钻钻机,完成了连续起下钻作业流程确定、立根长度确定、连续起下钻系统、排管机、集成控制系统等关键技术和设备设计。该钻机配套常规顶驱,通过采用新增连续起下钻系统设备,改进排管机和集成控制系统的方式实现连续起下钻作业,实现在高位进行钻柱提放、管具上卸扣、钻井液收集等功能,最大起下钻速度可达2160 m/h,与现有钻机相比,能够大幅提高钻井作业效率,降低井下压力波动,技术跨度相对较小,具有较好的可应用实施性。

Management Strategies and Their Evaluation for Carbon Sequestration in Cropland

In order to deal with the global change and to reduce emission of greenhouse gas, a number of countries have strengthened studies on carbon sequestration in cropland. Carbon sequestration in cropland is not only an important component for the global carbon stock, but also is the most active part to sequestrate the carbon in soil from atmosphere. In this sense, it is of necessity and significance to strengthen the study on management of carbon sequestration in cropland. Based on the main factors affecting carbon cycle in agro-ecosystems, this paper summarizes the relevant management measures to strengthen the capacity of reducing emission of carbon and increasing the carbon sequestration in cropland, and evaluates the effects of these measures after being implemented at a regional extent.

Effect of fin attachment on thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine

The effect of fin attachment on the thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine(Komatsu HD325-6) was investigated.For doing this,coupled thermo-fluid-solid analysis of exhaust manifold of the off road diesel engine was carried out.The thermal analysis,including thermal flow,thermal stress,and the thermal deformation of the manifold was investigated.The flow inside the manifold was simulated and then its properties including velocity,pressure,and temperature were obtained.The flow properties were transferred to the solid model and then the thermal stresses and the thermal deformations of the manifold under different operating conditions were calculated.Finally,based on the predicted thermal stresses and thermal deformations of the manifold body shell,two fin types as well as body shell thickness increase were applied in the critical induced thermal stress area of the manifold to reduce the thermal stress and thermal deformation.The results of the above modifications show that the combined modifications,i.e.the thickness increase and the fin attachment,decrease the thermal stresses by up to 28% and the contribution of the fin attachment in this reduction is much higher compared to the shell thickness increase.

Liver fibrosis caused by choledocholith to regress after biliary drainage

AIM: To study the correlation between liver flbrosis severity and biliary drainage in patients with choledocholith. METHODS: A follow-up study on seven patients with liver fibrosis due to choledocholith was made. The data, including biochemical tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) and liver histological features before and after biliary drainage, were collected and studied. The fibrosis severity was scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with 0 denoting none, 1 portal and periportal fibrosis, 2 the presence of numerous fiber septa, and 3 cirrhosis. The average liver fibrosis severity scores of the first and second biopsy were compared with statistical method. RESULTS: The first, second liver fibrosis severity scores of these seven patients were 2,1; 2,1; 1,0; 1,1; 2,1; 2,1; 1,0 respectively. The results showed that the average liver fibrosis severity score of the second liver biopsy decreased significantly compared with the first liver biopsy (n=7,t=4.25,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Liver fibrosis due to choledocholith may regress after biliary drainage.

Displacement manifold method for type synthesis of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms

Type synthesis of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms is a hot and frontier topic in international academic and industrial field. Based on the Lie group theory, a displacement manifold synthesis method is proposed. For all the nine kinds of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms, the mechanism displacement manifold, limb displacement manifold and the geometrical conditions which guarantee that the intersection of the limb displacement manifold is the desired mechanism displacement manifold are enumerated. Various limb kinematic chains can be obtained using the product closure of displacement subgroup. Parallel mechanisms can be constructed with these limbs while obeying the geometrical conditions. Hence, all the nine kinds of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms can be synthesized using this method. Since displacement manifold deals with finite motion, the result mechanism of synthesis have full-cycle mobility. Novel architectures of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms can be obtained using this method.

A self-powered gas sensor based on PDMS/Ppy triboelectric-gas-sensing arrays for the real-time monitoring of automotive exhaust gas at room temperature

A new self-powered active gas sensor for realtime monitoring of automotive exhaust gas was devised.The pipe-shaped device was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane/polypyrrole(PDMS/Ppy)triboelectric gas-sensing unit arrays.The gas-sensing units can actively convert the mechanical energy of gas flow into a triboelectric current.The output current signal depends on the species and concentrations of the target chemical gases(CO,NH3,NO)in the gas flow,and thus can be used as a sensing signal.The device consists of seven gas-sensing units with different Ppy derivatives.As the different sensing units respond to the gases in different ways,the device can differentiate between gas species.The working mechanism is attributed to the coupling effect between the triboelectric effect of PDMS/Ppy and the gas-sensing properties of Ppy.The device can be installed in the tailpipe of an automobile,and can thus analyze the exhaust gas in real time without the need for any external electrical power.The results of the present study spur a new research direction for the development of automotive exhaust gas monitoring systems,thus playing an important role in the detection of air pollution.