定向水平分支井羽状侧钻探断层技术研究

水平分支沿着灰岩含水层顺层定向钻进,施工后进行注浆加固,可以提高有效钻进率和改造效果,全方位满足矿井采掘接替与安全生产的需求。水平分支井水平段各分支在施工过程中,会揭露断层,通过数据分析,羽状分布覆盖,进行分支侧钻施工探明断层产状,为矿方提供详细参数,使矿方更好的规划设计采掘区域,避开潜在的安全风险。

矿井断层超前探波动方程理论及声波波场特征研究

为减少煤矿掘进中因前方地质构造不清导致的安全事故,基于矿井断层超前探波动方程理论,分析了矿井地质构造超前探测声波波场特征、声波波动方程、弹性波波动方程以及震源函数;并建立正演数值模拟,对80 ms的地震记录以及不同时刻的波场快照进行了分析,为矿井安全掘进和超前探测研究提供了一定的理论基础。

压恢测试直线断层与探测半径的计算

压力恢复测试中直线断层与探测半径的计算大多使用压降的计算公式，这在生产时间足够长的情况下是正确的。但是，对于低渗地层，关井时间一般比生产时间长得多，有时在５倍以上，这种情况下就不能使用压降公式计算压恢测试中直线断层及探测半径的距离。

综采工作面过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术

为解决综采工作面遇大落差硬岩断层阻碍推采问题,分析传统过断层方法以及现有研究技术弊端,对过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术展开系统研究。针对大落差断层产状不明晰,过断层路径设计不精确的问题,提出了断层产状探测技术,优选断层探巷布置方案,根据其揭露信息建立了断层走向计算模型;针对深孔爆破技术在工作面、运输巷、回风巷不适用的问题,研究预掘爆破巷关键技术,提出了爆破巷布置原则及布置参数计算方法,确定了爆破巷内实施深孔预裂爆破的方案,设计了耳式硐室施工方法,解决了大药量集中爆破难题;基于岩石爆破理论,结合过大落差断层工程特点,针对性设计孔径、孔深、装药量、封堵长度、炮孔布置及爆破振动安全控制,形成了完整的爆破参数选取及计算方法。新巨龙煤矿2302N工作面下平巷揭露综合落差12. 5 m硬岩断层,通过下平巷揭露点依次布置的6个探测孔,探明了断层向工作面延展初始走向,设计了垂直断层走向、沿煤层底板掘进探巷方案以及沿断层下盘煤层底板掘进爆破巷方案;通过实测信息规划了过断层路径,根据路径内断层产状变化划分了8个爆破区域,设计了各区域内爆破布置参数,并借助数值模拟对爆破效果进行了预测分析。应用效果表明,爆破裂隙贯通效果良好,采煤机过断层截齿消耗减少了40%～50%,相比传统过断层方法节省了时间一倍以上。新巨龙煤矿多个工作面均成功完成了过大落差工程应用,在保障工作面高效连续推采、减少过断层成本、保证爆破安全等方面取得了良好的效果。

地震技术在油田滚动勘探开发中的应用

下辽河坳陷东部凹陷北部茨榆坨构造带属于凹陷斜坡翘倾断块披覆背斜构造带，在重新分析和认识其油气成藏条件的基础上，以复式油气成藏理论为指导，优选了本敬仰工部位作为流动勘探研究的主要目标。研究中，立足于寻找控油断层和圈闭，配套运用地震技术，新发现了一个千万吨级优质储量区块，并开发了一套新的含油气层系，是当年下辽河坳陷油气勘探的重大发现和滚动勘探的成功典范。

海南福山复杂断块储层压裂技术研究

为了解决海南福山凹陷油气井压裂施工成功率低、增产效果不明显,难以进行经济有效开采的技术难题,分析了复杂断块储层的特点,并结合以往油气井压前压后生产动态分析,建立了储层分类标准和改造选井选层标准,形成了针对大跨度多段射孔的斜井薄互层全剖面动用压裂技术、针对多段射孔、且近水层油气井的"前置液投球分层+变排量控缝高"、针对近水层储层的"人工隔层+变排量"控缝高和"探断层压裂"等组合压裂技术,实现了适应储层与油气井特点的"一井一层一工艺"。现场应用17口井,都取得了显著的压裂效果,压裂成功率由不足80%提高到95%,施工有效率由不足75%提高到94.1%。为指导该区块压裂方案设计及现场实施提供了依据。

定向钻进技术在煤矿地质勘查中的应用

定向钻进技术从引进到目前广泛应用,在进行探断层、探冲刷、探放水、小窑边界探测、顶板水压裂等工程时,效果较好。能够定点高精度探测,且探测距离较远,相对传统工艺具有较大的优势,可有效解决煤矿安全生产工作中的一些难题。定向钻探技术的优点很多,实际施工中也存在一些问题,需要在以后工作中不断改进和完善。通过钻机装备性能水平的不断提升,定向钻进工艺技术的不断改进,定向钻孔轨迹误差控制技术的进步,随钻测量系统与测井技术的结合,实时监测钻进过程中煤岩层界面等技术的发展,突破定向钻进技术存在的问题。

Mine-hoist fault-condition detection based on the wavelet packet transform and kernel PCA

A new algorithm was developed to correctly identify fault conditions and accurately monitor fault development in a mine hoist. The new method is based on the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and kernel PCA (Kernel Principal Compo- nent Analysis, KPCA). For non-linear monitoring systems the key to fault detection is the extracting of main features. The wavelet packet transform is a novel technique of signal processing that possesses excellent characteristics of time-frequency localization. It is suitable for analysing time-varying or transient signals. KPCA maps the original input features into a higher dimension feature space through a non-linear mapping. The principal components are then found in the higher dimen- sion feature space. The KPCA transformation was applied to extracting the main nonlinear features from experimental fault feature data after wavelet packet transformation. The results show that the proposed method affords credible fault detection and identification.

Application Effect of CEMP in the Foreland Basin on the Western Edge of Ordos

Foreland basins on the western edge of Ordos are characterized by typical loess geomorphologic features. Its surface is severely cut, and its underground geological structures are complicated.Making use of the advantage of CEMP in exploration in frontland as well as successful multi-year exploration experiences in West China, we first employed the CEMP method to conduct exploration on the western edge of the Ordos basin and its surrounding areas. The practices proved that rich and reliable geological results have been achieved with the CEMP method in complicated areas covered with loess. This can provide important evidence for researching the contact relationship among basins and mountains, structural feature of target layers and predict favourable areas.

构造复杂工作面提高回采率途径及措施

文章介绍了七五矿３３１２ 西工作面在断层、岩墙的复杂条件下， 利用布置曲线停采线、曲线开切眼和倾向短壁开采等途径提高回采率的做法。

Measurement and Result of Soil Gas Radon and Soil Gas Mercury in the Exploration of Haihe Hidden Fault

In the exploration of the hidden Haihe fault,radon and mercury in soil gas were measured by using FG-3017 radon detector and XG-4 mercury analyzer.In this paper,based on the measurement results of 12 fault gas profiles,and integrating with the exploration results of artificial seismic prospecting,the relationship between anomalous site of fault gas and fault location is analyzed.Using the relationship between anomalous strength of fault gas and fault activity,the activity of Haihe fault is studied,thus the location and activity segmentation of the Haihe fault in Tianjin region are presented.This study shows that the method of fault gas detection can not only identify the preliminary location of fault,but also make preliminary segmentation of fault activity.The fault detected by the method of fault gas measurement is shown as a band.Through contrasting with exploration results of artificial seismic prospecting and analyzing,we find that the fault is located inside the band.According to the measurements of soil gas radon,the Haihe fault can be divided into east and west segments and the activity of the east segment of Haihe fault is stronger than that of the west segment.This is only a relative result,and it is difficult to judge whether the fault is active or not with this result.

Predictive value of multi-detector computed tomography for accurate diagnosis of serous cystadenoma:Radiologic-pathologic correlation

AIM： To identify multi-detector computed tomography （MDCT） features most predictive of serous cystadenomas （SCAs）, correlating with histopathology, and to study the impact of cyst size and MDCT technique on reader performance. METHODS： The MDCT scans of 164 patients with surgically verified pancreatic cystic lesions were reviewed by two readers to study the predictive value of various morphological features for establishing a diagnosis of SCAs. Accuracy in lesion characterization and reader confidence were correlated with lesion size （≤3 cm or 〉≥3 cm） and scanning protocols （dedicated vs routine）. RESULTS： 28/164 cysts （mean size, 39 mm; range, 8-92 mm） were diagnosed as SCA on pathology. The MDCT features predictive of diagnosis of SCA were microcystic appearance （22/28, 78.6%）, surface Iobulations （25/28, 89.3%） and central scar （9/28, 32.4%）. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that only microcystic appearance was significant for CT diagnosis of SCA （P = 0.0001）. The sensitivity, specificity and PPV of central scar and of combined microcystic appearance and Iobulations were 32.4%/100%/100% and 68%/100%/100%, respectively. The reader confidence was higher for lesions 〉 3 cm （P = 0.02） and for MDCT scans performed using thin collimation （1.25-2.5 mm） compared to routine 5 mm collimation exams （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Central scar on MDCT is diagnostic of SCA but is seen in only one third of SCAs. Microcystic morphology is the most significant CT feature in diagnosis of SCA. A combination of microcystic appearance and surface Iobulations offers accuracy comparable to central scar with higher sensitivity.

Comprehensive Multi-Level Exploration of Buried Active Faults:an Example of the Yinchuan Buried Active Fault

The paper introduces the steps and methods of multi-approach, multi-level exploration of buried faults in thick Quaternary sediment regions by taking the test exploration of the Yinchuan active fault as example. Based on the comprehensive analyses of previous data, we choose the Xinqushao Village of Xingqing District of Yinchuan City as the test site for the comprehensive exploration. Firstly, we adopted shallow seismic investigation with group intervals of 10m, 5m and lm to gradually trace layer by layer the master fault of the Yinchuan buried fault from a deep depth to a shallow depth where drilling could be used. Then, with composite geological profile drilling, we determined the precise location and dip angle of the fault. The drilling show the buried depth of the upper offset point is 8.3m. Finally, large-scale trenching revealed that the actual buried depth of the upper offset point of the fault is 1.5m from the ground surface and there are paleoearthquake events of 5 stages. Combined with the preliminary result of corresponding sample age, we conclude the Yinchuan buried fault is a mid to late Holocene active fault.

Measurement of oil volume fraction and velocity distributions in vertical oil-in-water flows using ERT and a local probe

This paper presents the use of a high performance dual-plane electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system and a local dual-sensor conductance probe to measure the vertical upward oil-in-water pipe flows in which the mean oil volume fraction is up to 23.1%. A sensitivity coefficient back-projection (SBP) algorithm was adopted to reconstruct the flow distributions and a cross correlation method was applied to obtain the oil velocity distributions. The oil volume fraction and velocity distributions obtained from both measurement techniques were compared and good agreement was found, which indicates that the ERT tech- nique can be used to measure the low fraction oil-water flows. Finally, the factors affecting measurement precision were discussed.

Structural Characteristics and Evolution of Jurassic Basins in the East of Middle Qilian Block

Structural characteristics of the Jurassic basins of Xining, Minhe, and Xiji in the east of middle Qilian were researched based on the data obtained by gravitational, magnetic, and seismic methods. The result shows that each of these three basins is an independent structural unit with a NW strike and being separated by upheavals. Two groups of faults with NW and NE directions are developed in the basin, which controls the formation and evolution of the (Jurassic basins). The NW faults are the main ones while the NE faults are the secondary for controlling the sedimentation. Of the three basins, the Minhe basin is the favorable prospecting area.

The Application of the Acoustic Method to the Exploration of Urban Active Faults and a Comparison with the Artificial Earthquake, and Radar Methods

The depth of upper fault point is the key data for ascertaining the active age of a buried fault on a plain. The difference of depth obtained from same fault may be dozens to several hundred meters when using different geophysical methods. It can result in the absolutely opposite conclusions when judging fault activity. Because of a lack of an artificial earthquake source with wide band and high central frequency, many kinds of methods have to be used together. The higher the frequency of the artificial earthquake wave, electromagnetic wave and sonic wave, the higher the resolution. However the attenuation is also very fast and the exploration depth is very shallow. The reverse is also true. The frequency of artificial seismic waves is in the tens of Hz. Its exploration depth is big and the resolution is poor. The frequency of radar electromagnetic waves is about a million Hz, indicating that the resolving power is better, but the exploration depth is very shallow. However, the acoustic frequency is thousands of Hz, its resolving power is better than that of the artificial earthquake method and the exploration depth is larger than that of the radar method. So it is suitable for extra shallow exploration in the thick deposit strata of the Quaternary. The preliminary results detected using the high frequency acoustic method in extra shallow layers indicates that previous inferences about some fault activity in the eastern part of the North China plain may need to be greatly corrected.

Imaging features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas in multi-detector row computed tomography

AIM:To retrospectively evaluate the imaging features of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) in multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT).METHODS: A total of 20 patients with pathologically-confirmed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were included in this study. Axial MDCT images combined with CT angiography (CTA) and multiplanar volume reformations (MPVR) or curved reformations (CR) were preoperatively acquired. Two radiologists (Tan L and Wang DB) reviewed all the images in consensus using an interactive picture archiving and communication system. The disputes in readings were resolved through consultation with a third experienced radiologist (Chen KM). Finally, the findings and diagnoses were compared with the pathologic results.RESULTS: The pathological study revealed 12 malignant IPMNs and eight benign IPMNs. The diameters of the cystic lesions and main pancreatic ducts (MPDs) were significantly larger in malignant IPMNs compared with those of the benign IPMNs (P<0.05). The combined-type IPMNs had a higher rate of malignancy than the other two types of IPMNs (P<0.05). Tumors with mural nodules and thick septa had a significantly higher incidence of malignancy than tumors without these features (P<0.05). Communication of side-branch IPMNs with the MPD was present in nine cases at pathologic examination. Seven of them were identified from CTA and MPVR or CR images. From comparison with the pathological diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MDCT in characterizing the malignancy of IPMN of the pancreas were determined to be 100%, 87.5% and 95%, respectively.CONCLUSION: MDCT with CTA and MPVR or CR techniques can elucidate the imaging features of IPMNs and help predict the malignancy of these tumors.

Analysis on Double-difference Earthquake Location and the Seismicity Pattern of the Yangjiang Earthquake Sequences

The locations of about 400 earthquakes in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province are determined using the double, difference earthquake location algorithm （DDA）. The seismicity pattern becomes concentrated from discrete grids. The rupture characteristics of the Yangjiang earthquake sequence show a conjugated distribution in NW and NE directions. The major distribution trends NE and dips NE with an angle of 30^o and a length of 30km,and the minor distribution trends NW and dips SE with an angle of 30^o and a length of 20km. The focal depth is 5km - 15km. The distribution of the Enping earthquake sequence,which is not far from Yangjiang,is NW-trending. The relationship between hypocenter distribution and geological structure is discussed.

Occurrence Probability Evaluation of the Maximum Potential Earthquake on the Faults in Zhengzhou City

According to the results of estimation of the maximum potential earthquake in the project of ＂The Active Fault Detection and Seismic Risk Evaluation （Phase H） of Zhengzhou City＂, the near east-west trending Laoyachen fault and Shangjie fault are developed in the urban area. The Laoyachen fault was not active in the Quaternary, but the Shangjie fault may have the potential of generating M5.0 - 5.5 earthquakes. In order to get the probability of occurrence of maximum potential earthquakes, we delineate the statistical areas and the potential source areas and calculate the seismicity parameters and the space distribution functions. Our study shows that the probability of occurrence of an earthquake with M〉 5.0 on the faults in Zhengzhou city is 6% in the next 50 years and 11% in the next 100 years.

The Acquisition Technique of High-resolution Seismic Data for the Prospecting of Active Faults

The high-resolution shallow seismic technique can be used for more accurately prospecting the position and property of faults and for the preliminary study of fault activity.The author obtains many high quality stack time sections through the prospecting methods of different seismic sources,different group intervals and different observation systems on the Xiadian fault.These sections clearly display the stratum structure and the structure characteristics from several meters to several hundred meters of the Xiadian fault.The resolutions of the different seismic sources,different group intervals and different observing systems are obtained.The prospecting methods and work parameters applicable for goal stratum of different depths and different accuracy requirements are proposed through the analysis of the stack time sections.This lays a good foundation for raising the prospecting resolution of the fault position and the latest active time of the fault.