球载TDLAS的对流层CO_2浓度廓线探测

大气中CO2主要的源和汇都集中在对流层,精确地获取对流层CO2浓度廓线分布,对研究CO2的垂直输送和全球气候演变具有重要意义。基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,TDLAS)高分辨、高灵敏度和快速响应等特点,研制了采用直接吸收技术的小型化CO2探测系统,选取位于2 004.02nm处的R(16),ν1+ν3吸收谱线,避免了附近H2O分子的吸收干扰,对CO2浓度廓线进行了球载测量,获取了10km以下对流层中CO2的分子数密度分布。受限于球载测量环境,系统采用紧凑型设计,在单块电路板上实现激光器驱动、弱信号调理,光谱数据采集及浓度计算等功能,受嵌入式微处理器的运算能力和硬件资源限制,对浓度反演算法进行了优化,避免冗余计算,降低了算法耗时。和采用波长调制技术的TDLAS传统仪器相比,借助光程20m的开放式Herriott多次反射池,采用直接吸收技术,避免了浓度标定步骤,提高了对测量环境的适应性,通用性的硬件和软件结构可适用于测量不同气体,只需更换激光器和调整算法关键参数。小型化的设计思想降低功耗,减小体积,兼顾了响应速度和测量精度,室温条件下功耗小于1.5 W,单板体积120mm×100mm×25mm,1.5s时间响应下的测量精度为±0.6×10-6,经验证,该系统可在对流层内实现CO215m垂直空间分辨的高精度检测,是一种可行的气体廓线球载探测手段。

慢化球探测器组合法测试中子屏蔽性能应用

随着核技术在各领域的应用推广,中子屏蔽材料得到越来越广泛的应用,而目前国内外还没有测试中子屏蔽性能的统一标准。为了探索一种简单可行、能够在较宽中子能量范围内测试材料屏蔽性能的方法,本文对3He正比计数管、计数管外包镉及计数管外包不同直径的聚乙烯(Polyethylene,PE)慢化球共12个模型进行了MCNP(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)模拟计算,得到一种慢化球探测器组合测试方法,使测试能够在1×10-5-1.25 Me V能量范围内有较一致的响应。利用这种方法测试了2 cm和4 cm厚PE对252Cf中子的透射率,与多球谱仪解谱法得到的结果在±1.0%内相吻合,对几种材料的测试结果也符合不同类型材料对中子的屏蔽规律,证实了这种简易组合测试方法的可行性。

利用落球探测资料分析临近空间大气重力波

目的探究利用落球探测数据分析临近空间大气重力波特征的优势。方法基于中国首次进行的火箭落球实验过程中,雷达跟踪获得的落球位置信息,计算得到大气水平风场廓线,并利用最大熵法提取重力波参数。与此同时,基于TIMED/SABER卫星在对应时间以及位置上探测得到的温度廓线,利用最大熵法和S变换方法同样获得相应的重力波参数。针对两种方法获得的重力波参数进行对比分析。结果利用最大熵法对火箭探测得到的水平风场扰动廓线和卫星探测得到的温度扰动廓线进行分析,发现纬向风场中的主导重力波的垂直波长约为4km左右,而经向风场主导重力波的波长集中在6.5km左右,由温度扰动廓线提取出的主导重力波垂直波长集中在12km左右。利用S变换再次对卫星探测得到的温度扰动廓线进行分析,重力波垂直波长仍集中于10~12km左右。这表明从风场廓线和温度廓线中提取出的重力波垂直波长的差异主要是由于卫星探测数据的分辨率不足产生的。结论相比较卫星探测的温度廓线,火箭探测得到的风场廓线数据对重力波的分辨率更高,能够分辨出垂直波长更小的精细结构,具有重要的精度优势。

临近空间大气环境落球探测中的科氏力影响

气象火箭落球探测技术是临近空间大气环境探测的重要方法。在落球探测数据处理过程中,通常忽略科氏力项的影响。本文利用经验预报模式构建落球探测正演仿真模型,并根据落球探测原理建立参数反演模型,在此基础上仿真模拟了落球探测数据处理过程中忽略科氏力项对大气参数反演精度的影响。在95~100 km高度范围内,忽略科氏力项将引起温度、密度、纬向风和经向风等大气参数较大反演误差,其误差特性随探测点纬度、各方向初始速度等呈现不同的变化规律,之后反演误差将随高度下降而逐渐下降。当高度下降至约70 km时科氏力项带来的影响基本可以忽略不计。研究结果表明在临近空间大气环境落球探测数据处理过程中不能忽略科氏力项的影响。本文结果对提高落球探测大气参数反演精度具有重要的参考价值。

HIRFL-CSR外靶实验γ球阵列探测器子触发判选系统设计

为兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(Cooler Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,HIRFLCSR)的外靶实验设计了一个γ球阵列探测器子触发判选系统,该系统根据γ球阵列探测器结构和探测到的信号特征在短时间内进行有效击中物理事例的提取。考虑到γ球阵列探测器读出通道较多,随之而来的各个通道物理事例信息之和量级较大且需要可靠、高速、长距离的数据传输结构,γ球阵列探测器触发判选系统采用主从式结构和基于光纤通信技术进行设计,同时为缓解γ球阵列探测器子触发判选系统逻辑算法的复杂性,将子触发系统划分上下行子触发系统。基于整体现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)逻辑在线重构,触发判选逻辑分层组织,实现γ球阵列探测器子触发判选系统功能的灵活重构性。结果表明,通过信号源验证能够产生正确的子触发脉冲信号,对触发判选系统间光线通信链路误码率测试达到2×10^(-14)以下,该γ球阵列探测器子触发判选系统工作良好。

城市燃气管网泄漏检测技术与定位方法研究

文章通过对现阶段城市燃气管网泄漏检测技术与定位技术出现的问题进行深入的研究,结合目前带对检测技术与定位方法的研究成果,对各种泄漏检测及定位方法在城市燃气管网中应用的优缺点进行了科学的探讨,提出了将基于泄漏检测仪器方法与基于检测理论方法综合使用的结论。

经皮穿刺动脉导管栓闭术

本文报道我科为8例动脉导管未闭患者行经皮穿刺动脉导管栓闭术,年龄8～40岁,均获成功,无并发症。随访6～20个月,临床表现及辅助检查均明显改善,无异位栓塞等远期并发症。球囊导管探测动脉导管栓闭术较安全、简便、易于临床推广应用。

Automatic Change Detection of Geo-spatial Data from Imagery

The problems and difficulty of current change detection techniques are presented. Then, according to whether image registration is done before change detection algorithms, the authors classify the change detection into two categories:the change detection after image registration and the change detection simultaneous with image registration. For the former, four topics including the change detection between new image and old image, the change detection between new image and old map, the change detection between new image/old image and old map, and the change detection between new multi-source images and old map/image are introduced. For the latter, three categories, i.e. the change detection between old DEM, DOM and new non-rectification image, the change detection between old DLG, DRG and new non-rectification image, and the 3D change detection between old 4D products and new multi-overlapped photos, are discussed.

微机上求解中子谱的实现

利用最小二乘法和ＳＡＮＤ－Ⅱ迭代法在微机上设计２个中子谱解谱程序，分别计算￣（２５２）Ｃｆ中子源通过空气及石墨、铝、铁、铅、混凝土、聚乙烯后的中子场和反应堆热柱超热中子谱，并由此计算出几个防护量。２种方法的计算结果及实验结果，相互符合较好。

Exploring Soil Layers and Water Tables with Ground-Penetrating Radar

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used predominantly for environments with low electrical conductivity like freshwater aquifers, glaciers, or dry sandy soils. The objective of the present study was to explore its application for mapping in subsurface agricultural soils to a depth of several meters. For a loamy sand and a clayey site on the North China Plain, clay inclusions in the sand were detected; the thickness, inclination, and continuity of the confining clay and silt layers was assessed; and a local water table was mapped. Direct sampling (soil coring and profiling) in the top meter and independent measurement of the water table were utilized to confirm the findings. Also, effective estimates of the dielectric number for the site with the dielectric number of moist clayey soils depending strongly on frequency were obtained. Thus, important properties of soils, like the arrangement and type of layers and in particular their continuity and inclination, could be explored with moderate efforts for rather large areas to help find optimal locations for the time-consuming and expensive measurements which would be necessary to detail a model of the subsurface.

Design for CNN Templates with Performance of Global Connectivity Detection

The cellular neural/nonlinear network (CNN) is a powerful tool for image and video signal processing,robotic and biological visions. This paper discusses a general method for designing template of the global connectivitydetection (GCD) CNN, which provides parameter inequalities for determining parameter intervals for implementing thecorresponding functions. The GCD CNN has stronger ability and faster rate for determining global connectivity in binarypatterns than the GCD CNN proposed by Zarandy. An example for detecting the connectivity in complex patterns isgiven.

Introduction to the TT&C Scheme for Chang’e⁃5 Mission

Chang’e-5 mission is China’s first lunar sample return mission.It contains several new flight phases compared with the previous lunar missions,such as the lunar take-off and orbit insertion phase,the rendezvous and docking phase,etc.Chang’e-5 mission is extremely complicated and full of new challenges.This paper sorts out the characteristics and the difficulties in telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)of Chang’e-5 mission.The main technical contribution is a reliable general design of the TT&C system,including the application of X-band TT&C in launch and early orbit phase(LEOP),multiple targets simultaneous TT&C in X-band,lunar surface benchmark calibration,high-precision and rapid orbit trajectory determination for the lunar surface take-off,remote guidance rendezvous and docking,the determination of the initial navigational value for the separation point of the Chang’e-5 orbiter and returner,and the design of the reentry measurement chain.Based on this scheme,a global deep space TT&C network and interplanetary reentry measurement chain have been established for China,and near-continuous TT&C support for China’s first extraterrestrial object sampling and return mission has been realized,ensuring reliable tracking,accurate measurement and accurate control.The global deep space network can provide TT&C support comparable to that of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and European Space Agency(ESA)for subsequent lunar and deep space exploration missions.The techniques of rapid trajectory determination of lunar take-off and orbit entry,as well as high precision and remote guidance of lunar orbit rendezvous and docking can lay a technological foundation for the future manned lunar exploration missions and planetary sampling and return missions.

The formation evaluation tool and its application in offshore China

The Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） introduced in the paper represents a new generation of formation evaluation systems developed and manufactured by China Oilfield Services Limited （COSL）, CNOOC, using a FET technology transfer from Crocker Research, Australia. The system has been applied successfully in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. For instance, a multilayered oil and water system has been confirmed with the aid of accurate formation pressure tests, even in very thin beds and edge water reservoirs, overcoming the difficulty of determining this kind of oil-water and gas-water contacts. Moreover, the FET pumping and real-time fluid monitoring function allows acquiring a true sample of formation fluid unpolluted by drilling mud which plays an important role in determining the fluid properties of the target stratum and analyzing the fluid component. The principles and purpose of the Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） will be briefly introduced and successful examples of the application of the technology will be described in detail in this paper.

Motion design of a hybrid wheeled/legged robot for lunar exploration

The robot consists of a quadruped mechanism and two active dual-wheel casters possesses the advantages of wheeled and legged mechanism, and can quickly move on the relatively plane ground with the wheeled mechanism, and can walk on the extremely uneven terrain with the legged mechanism. The effectiveness of the motion design of the hybrid robot is iHustrated by simulation results.

Nomenclature for lunar features at the Chang＇e-3 landing site

Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstanding contributions of academics,masters in various fields, and popularize the traditional cultures of ethnic groups all over the world, but also have a critical function of providing accurate indicative information on features with special morphology, origin, nature and scientific value. However, nomenclature for features at the Chang'e-3 landing site, which has a more arbitrary form without many constrains posed by a uniformed system, is unlike the features for other morphological units.This paper originated from the actual needs for the description of scientific exploration activities, interpretation of scientific research and dissemination of scientific results. Some prominent morphological units with great scientific importance and identification purpose were chosen from the images taken by the terrain camera, panorama cameras and landing camera onboard the Chang'e lander and Yutu rover. A nomenclature system was established under the three enclosures, four quadrants and twenty-eight lunar lodges' system of the Chinese ancient sky division method. Finally, a standard feature names set waspublished after some necessary approval procedures by the International Astronomical Union.

Land cover change detection in West Jilin using ETM + images

In order to assess the information content and accuracy ofLandsat ETM+ digital images in land cover change detection,change-detection techniques of image differencing,normalized difference vegetation index,principal components analysis and tasseled-cap transformation were applied to yield 13 images. These images were thresholded into change and no change areas. The thresholded images were then checked in terms of various accuracies. The experiment results show that kappa coefficients of the 13 images range from 48.05 ～78.09. Different images do detect different types of changes. Images associated with changes in the near-infrared-reflectance or greenness detects crop-type changes and changes between vegetative and non-vegetative features. A unique means of using only Landsat imagery without reference data for the assessment of change in arid land are presented. Images of 12th June, 2000 and 2nd June, 2002 are used to validate the means. Analyses of standard accuracy and spatial agreement are performed to compare the new images (hereafter called "change images" ) representing the change between the two dates. Spatial agreement evaluates the conformity in the classified "change pixels" and "no-change pixels" at the same location on different change images and comprehensively examines the different techniques. This method would enable authorities to monitor land degradation efficiently and accurately.

Steering mechanical analysis for lunar rover wheel

Facing the requirement of establishing a steering mechanical model for the wheel configuration design,selection of steering motors, dynamic analysis and simulation of the lunar rover, shear force beneaththe steering wheel, bulldozing resistance acting on steering wheel rims and side surfaces respectively areconducted on the basis of the wheel-loose soil interaction. The quantitative relation between steering resistancemoment (SRM) and steering radius, dimension of the wheel, soil parameters is established. Tovalidate the model, a single-wheel test bed is employed to test the steering performance of a wheel with0.15735m radius and 0.165m width when the steering radius is 0.00m, 0.04m, 0.08m, 0.12m and0.16m, respectively. The SRM is approached asymptotically with the increasing steering angle and almostproportional to the steering radius. The theoretical results of SRM are compact with the experimental results,which shows that the steering model can predict the experimental results well.

Kinematic modeling and analysis of novel eight-wheel lunar rover

A new kind of eight-wheel lunar rover is developed, which is a complex closed-chain system and has good capabilities of climbing slope, surmounting obstacles and adapting to uneven terrain. In this paper, the mechanical structure of the novel eight-wheel lunar rover is introduced, forward and inverse kinematic models of the rover are established according to the closed-chain coordinate transformation and instantaneous coincidence coordinate. Based on structural characteristics, its kinetic characteristics are analyzed. Wheel slippages are separated and calculated, and a method for closed-loop control modification using wheel slip estimation during the model establishment is proposed. The results can be applied to the motion control of lunar rover.

Long Time Series Observations from Antarctica with the International Concordia Explorer Telescope （ICE-T）

The Intemational Concordia explorer telescope （ICE-T） is a f/1.1 Schmidt telescope, 61 cm aperture, with two optical tubes equipped with identical charged coupled devices 10.3× 10.3 k, 9μ pixel size, ultra-wide-fieldwith a total FOV of 65 square degrees. Its aim is to operate at Dome C, the French-Italian Antarctic Station, taking advantage of the long winter night for continuous observations. It is optimized for high precision photometry in two separate filters Sloan g and Sloan i ranging from 100 mmag to 10 mmag （from 9 to16 mag）. Among the scientific tasks there are the detection of hot Jupiters and Super Earths with the transit method, and related magnetic activity of the hosting stars. The 4m Radom dome for ICE-T together with 3 foundation pillars and the cables bundle have been already successfully installed in January 2009.