Agonist-activated Ca^(2+) entry is important in many biological responses such as secretion and cell growth. In nonexcitable cells which have no voltage-operated Ca^(2+) channels (VOCC), agonist-receptor interaction c...Agonist-activated Ca^(2+) entry is important in many biological responses such as secretion and cell growth. In nonexcitable cells which have no voltage-operated Ca^(2+) channels (VOCC), agonist-receptor interaction can trigger Ca^(2+) entry across the plasmalemma via several entry pathways (Fig 1): (A) channels which are intrinsic structures of the receptor (receptor-operated channels),(B) channels which are coupled to receptors via a G-protein (G-protein-operated channels), (C) channels which are activated by some second messengers (second-messenger-operated channels), and(D) channels which open upon intraeellular nonmitochondrial Ca^(2+) store depletion (Ca^(2+) release-activated channels) resulting from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate-induced Ca^(2+) release or inhibition of Ca^(2+) re-uptake (see next section). Ca^(2+) entry展开更多
We present two nonlocal entanglement concentration protocols(ECPs)to distill a subset of N-photon systems in a GreenbergerHorne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state or a W state from a set of photon systems in a partially entangled GH...We present two nonlocal entanglement concentration protocols(ECPs)to distill a subset of N-photon systems in a GreenbergerHorne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state or a W state from a set of photon systems in a partially entangled GHZ-like pure state or a lessentangled W-like state with known parameters,respectively.Our ECPs have some advantages.First,our ECPs work in a heralded way with linear-optical elements only,without the postselection based on nonlinear optics,far different from the previous ECPs.Second,they require only a copy of the less-entangled photon system in each round of the entanglement concentration process,not two copies,which decreases the difficulty of their implementation in experiment largely.Third,our ECPs avoid checking the photon number in the output modes of linear-optical elements with the sophisticated single-photon detectors.Moreover,all parties can operate the process for concentration simultaneously and independently,which leads to flexible operations and improves the performance greatly in experiment.These advantages make our ECPs useful in practical applications in long-distance quantum communication network.展开更多
文摘Agonist-activated Ca^(2+) entry is important in many biological responses such as secretion and cell growth. In nonexcitable cells which have no voltage-operated Ca^(2+) channels (VOCC), agonist-receptor interaction can trigger Ca^(2+) entry across the plasmalemma via several entry pathways (Fig 1): (A) channels which are intrinsic structures of the receptor (receptor-operated channels),(B) channels which are coupled to receptors via a G-protein (G-protein-operated channels), (C) channels which are activated by some second messengers (second-messenger-operated channels), and(D) channels which open upon intraeellular nonmitochondrial Ca^(2+) store depletion (Ca^(2+) release-activated channels) resulting from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate-induced Ca^(2+) release or inhibition of Ca^(2+) re-uptake (see next section). Ca^(2+) entry
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11174039 and 11474026)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NECT-11-0031)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)(Grant No.SKLNST-2013-1-13)
文摘We present two nonlocal entanglement concentration protocols(ECPs)to distill a subset of N-photon systems in a GreenbergerHorne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state or a W state from a set of photon systems in a partially entangled GHZ-like pure state or a lessentangled W-like state with known parameters,respectively.Our ECPs have some advantages.First,our ECPs work in a heralded way with linear-optical elements only,without the postselection based on nonlinear optics,far different from the previous ECPs.Second,they require only a copy of the less-entangled photon system in each round of the entanglement concentration process,not two copies,which decreases the difficulty of their implementation in experiment largely.Third,our ECPs avoid checking the photon number in the output modes of linear-optical elements with the sophisticated single-photon detectors.Moreover,all parties can operate the process for concentration simultaneously and independently,which leads to flexible operations and improves the performance greatly in experiment.These advantages make our ECPs useful in practical applications in long-distance quantum communication network.
