用于工业三维点测量的接触式光学探针

为了快速、准确地获得大尺寸工业产品或带有深槽孔工件的关键点三维坐标,本文基于工业近景摄影测量理论、立体视觉技术等,研究并实现了两种工业便携式、接触式光学探针测量系统。研究了测量系统涉及的探针设计、探针标定以及三维点解算等关键技术,设计了点阵式和手持相机式两种适用于不同工业场合的工业探针。针对点阵式探针的测量,提出了一种用于解算探针坐标系与世界坐标系相对关系的点云匹配方法。此外,采用拟合虚拟球的方法准确标定了两种探针的内部参数。最后,通过对比标准球与三坐标测量机的测量结果,得到系统的测量精度可达0.1mm/m。该精度满足一般大、中型工件的三维点测量精度标准。

一种可溯源原子力探针显微镜

研制了一种基于白光干涉的可溯源原子力探针扫描显微镜,提出了一种稳健的白光干涉零级条纹定位算法,建立了一套高分辨激光干涉位移测量系统。在此基础上提出了一种探针标定方法,实现微纳表面可溯源测量。通过对台阶高度为(21. 4±1. 5) nm的标准光栅进行10次重复测量,其结果的平均值为21. 56 nm,标准差为0. 51 nm;同时对高度为150 nm的三维特征样件进行了三维测量,验证了所研制仪器测量的准确性和稳定性。

一种手持3D视觉检测设备的探头设计

给出了一种基于双目光笔式视觉检测设备的探头设计方法,对探头的结构设计和探针的标定进行了简述,并在实际应用中获得了很好的效果。

Principle of Coordinates Acquisition Based on Single Camera

The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates, the single camera′s orientation and location can be calculated. After orientation, the global coordinate system is obtained. During measurement, the camera is fixed firstly, then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly. The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor. Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets, the feature point can be measured. Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1 mm.

Stylus deformation calibration and scale value extraction of REVO five-axis measuring system

REVO?is a dynamic measuring head and probe system,which is designed and applied in orthogonal coordinatemeasuring machines(CMMs)to maximize measurement throughput whilst maintaining high system accuracy.A calibration approachto the stylus deformation of REVO head is proposed and the scale value of each CMM axis is separated from the limiteddata returned from the measuring system according to the application of REVO head in non-orthogonal CMM.Experimentsshow that the calibration method presented and extraction of scale value are of effectiveness and correctness.Results demonstratethat the maximum measurement error has decreased from0.2021mm to0.0009mm and the variation of scale value ofeach CMM axis is two orders lower after the stylus deformation is compensated.

面向飞机管线装配的多点精准虚实注册方法

提出一种基于多点的虚实注册方法。首先,设计一种手持式靶标探针,根据飞机零部件上的典型特征设计了不同的探针测头,并采用单目相机对探针进行标定,标定出测头尖点相对靶标的位置。然后,在虚实注册过程中在三维模型上设置几个点,借助靶标探针测量真实零件上对应的几个点,利用奇异值矩阵分解法,求解出增强现实设备虚实映射空间中三维模型到真实零件的刚体变换,根据此变换即可实现虚实配准。最后,选取3 m×1.4 m×0.5 m尺寸范围内的机翼为验证对象,采用所设计的靶标探针验证其虚实配准精度,并分析注册时点的数量与布局对虚实注册精度的影响。实验结果表明,所提方法可以实现大尺寸零部件整体较高的虚实配准精度。