区域内人群聚集行为分析与预测

通过对电信运营商提供的移动终端位置数据的分析,建立区域内人群聚集行为预测模型,以便于及时发现城市中所发生的人群异常聚集行为。分别统计分析移动基站下移动终端的接入量以及终端轨迹数据,通过马尔科夫链构建人群密度预测模型,最后通过对人群聚集行为的分析最终建立人群聚集行为预测模型。采用该模型对西安市大雁塔区域的人群进行预测。实验结果表明,使用马尔科夫链可以预测未来某时刻基站覆盖区域下的人群转移数量以及人群密度,结合所建立模型从而预测人群聚集行为的发生,预测精度为86.1%。

城市公共场所人群聚集预警方法研究

通过移动基站接入移动设备数量,对人民公园的常规人群聚集量与聚集特征进行研究,并使用数理统计方法分析数据,建立公共场所人群聚集状态识别模型,为城市公共管理提供理论依据。

基金会现场总线（FF）在自动化系统设计中的参数计算

本文是关于基金会现场总线（Foundation Fieldbus，简称FF）实用计算方面的论述。文中详细介绍了在化工自动化系统设计中关于FF的线缆负载能力和长度方面的实用计算方法。

Admission Control Based on QoS for Third Generation Broadband Mobile Communication Systems

In this paper, a novel admission scheme is proposed which provides high degrees of quality of service (QoS) guarantees for multimedia traffic carried in mobile networks. The proposed scheme combines the admission control and bandwidth reservation to guarantee QoS requirements. It considers both local information and remote information to determine whether to accept or reject a connection. In order to embody the characteristics of the algorithms proposed in the article, two traditional algorithms of admission control are used for comparison. In the end of the paper the simulation analyses are given and the results show that the proposed algorithm can adjust the bandwidth according to the current status of networks and decrease the probability of connections forcibly dropped. The most important thing is that the algorithm is based on the multimedia communications and can guarantee the QoS of real time connections through decreasing the bandwidth of non real time connections.

全球移动虚拟网络运营商发展情况报告

基于全球移动虚拟网络运营商(MVNO)的最新发展态势,按照区域分类和目录类型(折扣、电信、媒体/娱乐、零售、商务、迁移、漫游和机器对机器),对移动虚拟网络运营商发展情况分别进行了阐述。认为移动虚拟网络运营商与基础运营商不存在严格的竞争关系,虚拟运营商发展的繁荣反而是驱动传统运营商业务增长的动力。

QoS-based MAC protocol for cognitive radio networks

In order to improve the throughput performance of the secondary users （SUs） in the cognitive radio （CR） environment, a quality of service （QoS） based media access control （MAC） protocol is proposed. In this protocol, the CR node maps the channel state as a vector, and the transmitter and the receiver obtain the final channel map through an AND operation to prepare for an optional channel set. Data from the upper application layer are classified into two priority levels according to the QoS requirement. The data of each level relate to different contention windows so that the priority of real time data can be guaranteed. A two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain is utilized to evaluate the system performance, and mathematical expressions of the system throughput are derived. Simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802. 11 distributed coordination function （DCF）, the proposed MAC protocol can achieve higher throughput.

Qo E-based resource allocation protocols in cognitive OFDMA network with hybrid model

A resource allocation protocol is presented in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access （OFDMA） cognitive radio （CR） network with a hybrid model which combines overlay and underlay models. Without disrupting the primary user （PU） transmissions, the overlay model allows the secondary user （SU） to utilize opportunistically the idle sub-channels; the underlay model allows the SU to occupy the same sub-channels with PU. The proposed protocols are designed for maximizing the quality of experience （QoE） of CR users and switching dynamically between the overlay and underlay models. QoE is measured by the mean opinion score （MOS） rather than simply fulfilling the physical and medium access control （MAC） layer requirements. The simulations considering the file transfer and video stream services show that the proposed resource allocation strategy is spectrum efficient.

Influence of FSW parameters on formation quality and mechanical properties of Al 2024-T351 butt welded joints

The influence of R/v ratio on joint quality in 2024-T351 aluminum alloy was studied. Specimens were subjected to friction stir welding with the rotation rates of 750, 950 and 1180 r/min and welding speed between 73 and 190 mm/min, providing R/v ratio between 5.00 and 10.27. The welded joints were tested by means of both non-destructive （visual, penetrant and X-ray inspection） and destructive （metallographic, tension and hardness） testing. In all specimens typical zones are revealed, with corresponding differences in grain size. Tensile efficiency of the joints obtained is in the range of 52.2%to 82.3%. The results show that the best quality is obtained at R/v ratio of 8.06, 10.17 and 10.27. This behavior is attributed to the assumption that the material flows around the pin with an optimal speed, i.e. sufficient amount of material is available to fill the gap and prevent tunnel formation. R/v ratio also showed influence on hardness distribution, onion features and crack initiation/propagation zones.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy K-TIG welded joints

The 12 mm-thick Ti−6Al−4V(TC4)titanium alloy plates were welded using keyhole tungsten inert gas(K-TIG)welding at various heat inputs.The microstructure,grain boundary(GB)characteristics and mechanical properties of the weld metal zone(WMZ)were analyzed.The test results show that the K-TIG welds are well formed,and no obvious defects are observed when the heat input is 2.30−2.62 kJ/mm.When the heat input gradually increases,αlaths increase in length,andα′phase and residualβphase are reduced.The electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)test results indicate that the high-angle GB proportion in the WMZ increases with the increase of heat input.The tensile strength of the WMZ gradually decreases and the elongation of the WMZ increases when the heat input increases from 2.30 to 2.62 kJ/mm.The impact toughness of the WMZ increases as the heat input increases.

An RSSl Gradient-based AP Localization Algorithm

Recent rapid rise of indoor location based services for smartphones has further increased the importance of precise localization of Wi-Fi Access Point(AP).However,most existing AP localization algorithms either exhibit high errors or need specialized hardware in practical scenarios.In this paper,we propose a novel RSSI gradient-based AP localization algorithm.It consists of the following three major steps:firstly,it uses the local received signal strength variations to estimate the direction(minus gradient) of AP,then employs a direction clustering method to identify and filter measurement outliers,and finally adopts triangulation method to localize AP with the selected gradient directions.Experimental results demonstrate that the average localization error of our proposed algorithm is less than 2meters,far outperforming that of the weighted centroid approach.

Traffic Allocation Scheme with Cooperation of Multiple RANs in Universal Wireless Environments

This paper introduces an adaptive traffic allocation scheme with cooperation of multiple Radio Access Networks (RANs) in universal wireless environments.The different cooperation scenarios are studied,and based on the scenario of cooperation in both network layer and terminal layer,an open queuing system model,which is aiming to depict the characteristics of packet loss rate of wireless communication networks,is proposed to optimize the traffic allocation results.The analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the proposed scheme achieves inter-networking load balance tominimize the whole transmission delay and expands the communication ability of single-mode terminals to support high data rate traffics.

Schedule algorithm for mitigating inter-cell interference based on orthogonal complement space

In order to avoid severe performance degradation led by the inter-cell interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems with a frequency reused factor (FRF) of 1,distributed schedule algorithm (DS-OCS) and distributed proportional fairness schedule algorithm (DPFS-OCS) based on orthogonal complement space (OCS) were proposed. The first right and left singular vectors of the channel that the user experienced were selected as the transmitting and receiving beamforming vectors. An interference space was spanned by the left singular vectors of the entire interference users in the same channel. The most suitable user lay in the OCS of the interference space was scheduled to avoid suffering interference from neighboring cells based on the criterion of system capacity maximizing and proportional fairness. The simulation results show that the average system capacity can be improved by 2%-4% compared with the DS-OCS algorithm with the Max C/I algorithm,by 6%-10% compared with the DPFS-OCS algorithm with the PF algorithm.

Extending self-organizing maps for supervised classification of remotely sensed data

An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors ： an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonen＇s competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohouen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training sam- ples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification.

Cross-Layer Framework for Fine-Grained Channel Access in Next Generation High-Density Wi Fi Networks

Densely deployed Wi Fi networks will play a crucial role in providing the capacity for next generation mobile internet. However, due to increasing interference, overlapped channels in Wi Fi networks and throughput efficiency degradation, densely deployed Wi Fi networks is not a guarantee to obtain higher throughput. An emergent challenge is how to effi ciently utilize scarce spectrum resources, by matching physical layer resources to traffi c demand. In this aspect, access control allocation strategies play a pivotal role but remain too coarse-grained. As a solution, this research proposes a flexible framework for fine-grained channel width adaptation and multi-channel access in Wi Fi networks. This approach, named SFCA(Subcarrier Fine-grained Channel Access), adopts DOFDM(Discontinuous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) at the PHY layer. It allocates the frequency resource with a subcarrier granularity, which facilitates the channel width adaptation for multi-channel access and thus brings more fl exibility and higher frequency efficiency. The MAC layer uses a frequencytime domain backoff scheme, which combines the popular time-domain BEB scheme with a frequency-domain backoff to decrease access collision, resulting in higher access probability for the contending nodes. SFCA is compared with FICA(an established access scheme)showing significant outperformance. Finally we present results for next generation 802.11 ac Wi Fi networks.

Non-cooperative game for network access selection in heterogeneous integrated networks

The integration of different heterogeneous access networks is one of the remarkable characteristics of the next generation network,in which users with multi-network interface terminals can independently select access network to obtain the most desired service.A kind of unified quantification model of non-monotone quality of service(QoS) and a model of non-cooperative game between users and networks are proposed for heterogeneous network access selection.An optimal network pricing mechanism could be formulated by using a novel strategy which is used in this non-cooperative game model to balance the interests of both the users and the networks.This access network selection mechanism could select the most suitable network for users,and it also could provide the basis when formulating QoS standards in heterogeneous integrated networks.The simulation results show that this network selection decision-making algorithm can meet the users' demand for different levels service in different scenes and it can also avoid network congestion caused by unbalanced load.

Traffic sensitive spectrum access scheme for cognitive radio networks

A traffic sensitive spectrum access scheme is proposed to satisfy the traffic load requirement of secondary users （SUs）. In the proposed design, SU only accesses available channels which can meet the traffic demand. To achieve this, the expected transmission time （E3W） of the SU is calcu- lated first based on the delivery ratio. Then, the channel idle time is estimated based on the activity of primary users （PUs）. Therefore, available channels with estimated idle time longer than ETr could be chosen. With high probability, the SU can finish transmission on these channels without disruption, thereby satisfying the traffic load demand of the SU. Finally, our method is extended to the multi-channel scenario where each SU can access multiple channels simultaneously. Performance analysis shows that our method satisfies the requirement of SUs while effectively improving the throughput.

Laser Blow-Off Injected Impurity in HL-2A Tokamak

Transient perturbation methods are most appropriate to study particle transport in tokamaks. Two most commonly used techniques of impurity injection are laser blow-off and gas puffing. Short bursts of impurities, injected using the laser blow-off injection technique, are among other transient perturbation methods, undoubtedly best suited to study impurity transport The injection time and the amount of injected material can be controlled in order to study a certain phase of the discharge with a minimum perturbation of the plasma parameters. Furthermore, the source is of very short duration and thus provides an experimentally more direct measure of impurity transport.