盾构接收工作井围护结构附加应力计算及应用

为分析盾构接收对工作井围护结构附加应力的影响,以某盾构隧道工作井为依托工程,通过建立盾构接收期工作井围护结构力学模型,基于弹性力学Mindlin应力解与Sagaseta公式,提出盾构刀盘正面附加推力、盾壳与土体摩擦力、同步注浆压力及土体损失对工作井围护结构附加应力的计算方法.通过对工作井围护结构附加应力的主要影响因素进行计算分析,并结合数值模拟研究接收期工作井围护结构的力学行为,基于工程实例形成了盾构近接控制原则.研究结果表明:1)工作井围护结构附加应力的影响范围随盾构隧道直径增大而扩大,且主要发生在盾构直径的1.5倍范围圈内,盾构机所处深度对附加应力最大值具有重要影响;2)总附加应力中以正面附加推力和盾壳与土体摩擦力引起的附加应力为主,占比分别约1/3和2/3,同步注浆和土体损失引起的附加应力相比前两种可忽略不计;3)总附加应力的理论计算和数值模拟结果基本一致,验证了计算方法的合理性,同时数值模拟表明盾构接收期工作井围护结构的弯矩和变形增长了1倍左右,在盾构接收施工中应予以重视;4)基于掘进速率对工作井围护结构附加应力的计算分析结果,在工程接收关键区间(10~0环)中采取了“低推速”接收原则,保障了盾构的安全接收,可为同类工程提供参考.

佩妃延腹榕小蜂雌蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

佩妃延腹榕小蜂是一种与鸡嗉子传粉榕小蜂同步寄生于接收期榕果的非传粉专性寄生蜂。为探索佩妃延腹榕小蜂寄主定位机制,应用扫描电镜观察了其雌蜂触角感器的类型、分布和超微形态。结果显示：佩妃延腹榕小蜂雌蜂触角呈膝状,长775.50μm±38.39μm,由柄节、梗节和11个鞭小节组成的鞭节构成。触角上共发现5种感器类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器（Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型）、多孔板形感器、锥形感器、栓锥型乳突状感器。其中,刺形感器Ⅰ和多孔板形感器是其主要感器,前者集中分布于鞭节的第4~第8鞭小节,后者分布于第4~第11鞭小节。结合触角感器的形态、分布和佩妃延腹榕小蜂的产卵行为,对各触角感器的功能进行了探讨。

Digital AGC Based on Coherent Adjustment Cycle for DSSS Receiver

In order to meet the requirements for zero value stability of direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS) signal processing in high dynamic scenario,digital automatic gain control(AGC) is employed to regulate power.However,conventional AGC causes degradation in the synchronization performance of DSSS receiver.Based on the theoretical analysis of the influence of digital AGC on DSSS signal synchronization,this paper proposes a new AGC algorithm,which is applicable to multi-channel digital DSSS signal receiver.By making power adjustment cycle and synchronization cycle coherent with each other adaptively,the influence of digital AGC on subsequent synchronization processing has been eliminated.Theoretical analysis,simulation results and experimental data verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.By virtue of the proposed algorithm,the influence of digital AGC on DSSS signal synchronization is eliminated.This algorithm applies to an aerospace engineering project successfully.

Modulation of land-sea thermal contrast on the energy source and sink of tropical cyclone activity and its annual cycle

In general,the tropical cyclone(TC) activity is considered to be influenced by the heat content of underlying ocean,vertical shear of horizontal wind,vorticity in the low troposphere,moisture in the troposphere,and favorable condition for deep convection development.However,these factors by nature merely present the internal factors of either atmosphere or ocean which influence the TC activity.In fact,the energy budget of the Earth system and its variation,modulated by the land-sea thermal contrast,are the intrinsic reasons responsible for the variation of TC activity.Here we investigate the modulation of diabatic heating distribution associated with the land-sea thermal contrast on the distribution of TC activity energy source and sink as well as the seasonality.An accumulated energy increment index(AEI) is defined using the TC best track data,and the energy sources and sinks of TC activity are then diagnosed effectively and practically according to the distribution of AEI.Results show that the thermal contrast of land and ocean is the primary reason for asymmetric distribution of TC activity about the Equator as well as the zonally asymmetric distribution of TC activity.The energy sources of TC activity are dominated by condensation heating of deep convection or double-dominant heating,which includes the condensation heating and cooling of longwave radiation(LO),while the sink areas are dominated by LO.The large scale diabatic heating associated with land-sea thermal contrast results in more favorable conditions for TC activity over the west part of oceans than those over the east parts.Moreover,the intensity of interaction of different diabatic heating over the west and east parts of ocean is also affected by the zonal scale of the oceans,which induces the difference of TC activity over the western North Pacific(WNP) and North Atlantic(ATL).The favorable westerlies and anticyclonic vertical shear associated with the tropical zonally asymmetric diabatic heating also contribute to the most intense TC activity over the WNP.The variation of large scale diabatic heating modulates the annual cycle of TC energy sources and sinks.In particular,the annual cycle over the WNP is the most typical one among the three basins(the WNP,the south Indian Ocean,and western South Pacific) that are characterized by the meridional shift of the energy sources and sinks.However,sources over the eastern North Pacific tend to extend westward and withdraw eastward associated with the variation of LO,while over the ATL,sources always merge from small pieces into a big one as the different diabatic heating over its west and east parts interacts with each other.Over the boreal Indian Ocean,the subcontinental scale land-sea heating contrast modifies the large scale circulation,and consequently contributes to the bimodal annual cycle of TC activity.In summary,TC activities are closely related to the interaction among various components of the climate system more than the atmosphere and ocean.