常规免疫接种率监测和质量评价,可反映常规免疫工作的质量和效果。分析我国常规免疫接种率报告、调查和评价现状,以及常规免疫接种率监测质量评价中存在的问题,综述世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)推荐的预防接种数据质量...常规免疫接种率监测和质量评价,可反映常规免疫工作的质量和效果。分析我国常规免疫接种率报告、调查和评价现状,以及常规免疫接种率监测质量评价中存在的问题,综述世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)推荐的预防接种数据质量审计(The Immunization Data Quality Audit,DQA)和预防接种数据质量自我评估(The Immunization Data Quality Self-assessment,DQS)方法及应用情况,并对在中国引入DQA、DQS方法评估常规免疫接种率监测质量提出了相关建议。展开更多
Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization m...Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization method(HVIM) for community networks is proposed.Based on the virus transmission dynamic model SusceptibleInfectious-Removed and SusceptibleRemoved(SIRSR),HVIM considered the influence of external factors on the spread of viruses and only needs a portion of the network structure to be able to carry out immunization.Another pro for HVIM is that it is scalable and suitable for parallel computing which is a requirement in the big data era.Finally,a simulation dataset and a real dataset were used to run experiments,and the results of simulation showed that HVIM obviously is superior to others on the aspect of immunity.展开更多
Standard schedules for equine influenza vaccinations have been published in Finland. However, no knowledge about the actual number of vaccinations has been available. Based on previous preliminary studies in slaughter...Standard schedules for equine influenza vaccinations have been published in Finland. However, no knowledge about the actual number of vaccinations has been available. Based on previous preliminary studies in slaughterhouses and among horse owners, it was suspected that vaccination recommendations are not always followed. The aims were to investigate vaccination status against equine influenza among Finnish racehorses in regional competitions. Vaccination status was investigated： （1） by utilizing database vaccination information of show jumping and dressage horses and （2） by carrying out a survey among horse industry experts. A total of 400 horses were selected at the beginning of the Finnish competition season in 2012 and five experts （key persons） were invited to a repeated survey implemented by Delphi techniques. Overall, 50%-100% of horses were properly vaccinated depending on the source available. Thirty-four percent （34%） of the horses had the competition license but no vaccination markings in the database. Differences between types of competition （show jumping and dressage） and between Southern and Northern parts of Finland were found. Vaccinations of show jumping horses were registered more often than vaccinations of dressage horses. Ninety percent （90%） of unvaccinated horses in the database were eight years or older. It can be concluded that equine influenza vaccination registry coverage among racehorses in Finland is incomplete. This poses a risk of misunderstanding, and the growing responsibility of competition organizers.展开更多
文摘常规免疫接种率监测和质量评价,可反映常规免疫工作的质量和效果。分析我国常规免疫接种率报告、调查和评价现状,以及常规免疫接种率监测质量评价中存在的问题,综述世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)推荐的预防接种数据质量审计(The Immunization Data Quality Audit,DQA)和预防接种数据质量自我评估(The Immunization Data Quality Self-assessment,DQS)方法及应用情况,并对在中国引入DQA、DQS方法评估常规免疫接种率监测质量提出了相关建议。
基金supported by China 973 Program (2014CB340600)NSF(60903175,61272405, 61272033,and 61272451)University Innovation Foundation(2013TS102 and 2013TS106)
文摘Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization method(HVIM) for community networks is proposed.Based on the virus transmission dynamic model SusceptibleInfectious-Removed and SusceptibleRemoved(SIRSR),HVIM considered the influence of external factors on the spread of viruses and only needs a portion of the network structure to be able to carry out immunization.Another pro for HVIM is that it is scalable and suitable for parallel computing which is a requirement in the big data era.Finally,a simulation dataset and a real dataset were used to run experiments,and the results of simulation showed that HVIM obviously is superior to others on the aspect of immunity.
文摘Standard schedules for equine influenza vaccinations have been published in Finland. However, no knowledge about the actual number of vaccinations has been available. Based on previous preliminary studies in slaughterhouses and among horse owners, it was suspected that vaccination recommendations are not always followed. The aims were to investigate vaccination status against equine influenza among Finnish racehorses in regional competitions. Vaccination status was investigated： （1） by utilizing database vaccination information of show jumping and dressage horses and （2） by carrying out a survey among horse industry experts. A total of 400 horses were selected at the beginning of the Finnish competition season in 2012 and five experts （key persons） were invited to a repeated survey implemented by Delphi techniques. Overall, 50%-100% of horses were properly vaccinated depending on the source available. Thirty-four percent （34%） of the horses had the competition license but no vaccination markings in the database. Differences between types of competition （show jumping and dressage） and between Southern and Northern parts of Finland were found. Vaccinations of show jumping horses were registered more often than vaccinations of dressage horses. Ninety percent （90%） of unvaccinated horses in the database were eight years or older. It can be concluded that equine influenza vaccination registry coverage among racehorses in Finland is incomplete. This poses a risk of misunderstanding, and the growing responsibility of competition organizers.
