降解菌HD接种和非接种根围土壤中丁草胺的降解动力学研究

测定了小麦、棉花、水稻和玉米根围土壤和非根围土壤中丁草胺的降解特征和降解菌变化动态。结果表明,种植作物丰富了土壤微生物,根围土壤丰富的微生物对丁草胺的降解具有显著的促进作用。根围土壤中丁草胺的降解是非根围土壤的1.63～2.34倍,相应的半衰期缩短为非根围土壤的 42.2％～72.8％。根围土壤接种处理后这种促进作用得到进一步加强,其降解速率是非根围土壤的1.68～2.83倍,半衰期为非根围土壤的34.4％～59.4％。试验结果表明,作物根围是丁草胺残留快速降解的微环境,作物根围接种处理可以强化丁草胺残留的微生物降解。

番茄颈腐根腐病病原鉴定及2种接种方法的评价

为了确定引起河北省丰南区发现的一种植株青枯、维管束褐变的番茄病害的病原菌,进行了病原菌分离培养纯化、致病性测定、田间接种后再分离、菌落和形态学观察结合分子鉴定,确定该病害为尖孢镰刀菌番茄颈腐根腐病专化型引起的番茄颈腐根腐病。确定病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌番茄颈腐根腐病专化型。对茎基接种和浸根接种进行了评价,结果表明,茎基接种发病率和死亡率均高于浸根接种。为接种完成该病害的抗病育种和防治药剂筛选的研究提供了理论依据。

橡胶树几种根病的人工接种方法

以海南发生较严重的橡胶树褐根病、红根病、黑根病病原菌进行田间橡胶树根病接种方法的初步探索,结果表明:使用橡胶树病根根段、玉米粒培养基、橡胶树木屑菌棒制作成的3种接种体可以成功接种上橡胶树根病病原菌,其中以橡胶树木屑菌棒接种体进行接种操作较为简便,对橡胶树褐根病、红根病、黑根病病原菌均适用,成功率较其它两种接种方法的高,分别为100%、33.3%、100%。

西瓜疫病苗期灌根接种抗性鉴定方法的研究

以不同抗性西瓜品种为材料，用游动孢子液灌根接种法进行西瓜疫病苗期抗性研究。结果表明：采用游动孢子液灌根接种法进行西瓜疫病苗期接种适宜浓度是1×10^6个孢子／mL；适宜的接种苗龄为2片真叶期；调查和鉴定苗期抗病性的最适时期为接种后的12-15d。

外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长及光合作用的影响

主要分析了几种外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长的影响，依据统计26周试验苗生长指标，接种处理时在须根、地径、苗高、质量中具备一定差距。相比较没接种苗来说，接种外生菌根菌苗地径增加50%?105%,苗高增加20%?75%,干质量提高100%,须根数增加41%~245%，从而可以发现接种苗能够利于其根系发展以及促进地上部分发展。

四川松树截根菌根化育苗造林效应

使用优良 Pt固体菌剂 ,对湿地松、火炬松与马尾松进行了截根菌根化接种育苗造林。结果表明 ,截根菌根化接种方法 ,使供试松苗形成了大量菌根 ,Pt菌根指数大于 6 0 ,苗木质量明显改善。用菌根化苗木造林 ,幼林成活率与生长量都明显提高。

VA菌根菌对白藤幼苗生长效应研究初报

Glomus mosseae和G.epigaeus两种内生菌根菌可与白藤幼苗根部形成菌根共生体。接种7个月的藤苗高生长比对照增加23.36—27.63%;叶面积增加47.55—77.36%;叶片数量增加17.4%以上,幼苗根部含磷量提高6—40%。

不同大白菜品种对不同地区根肿病菌的抗病性评价

为建立快速、稳定的大白菜根肿病苗期抗性鉴定技术,探究大白菜商品种对不同来源根肿病菌的抗性表现,本试验以大白菜根肿病高感品种菊心为试材,以北京顺义根肿病菌为接种菌源,比较优化了注射接种法和浸根接种法的接种条件;采用优化后的浸根接种法,以河南南阳、北京顺义、重庆武隆根肿病菌为菌源,对15个抗根肿病大白菜品种进行人工接种抗性鉴定。结果表明:采用注射接种法,2 mL以上注射量相对于1 mL注射量接种效果显著;采用浸根接种法,根系浸泡5 min以上时,接种效果最佳。不同大白菜品种对三地菌源的抗性表现不一致,其中CR惠民、CR利民和德高CR117对三地根肿病菌均表现较强的抗性,CR高冷地、CR根宝、CR金佰利、德高CR1138、根王、万清克肿皇表现出垂直抗性。

利用真菌清理杨树伐根试验

1996～ 2 0 0 1年 ,在大庆红旗林场选择当年新伐杨树伐根 ,选用彩云革盖菌 (Coriolusversicolor(L .exFr.)Quil.)、单色下皮黑菌 (Cerrenaunicolor(Bull.ExFr.)Murr.)、粗毛盖菌 (Funaliagallica(Fr.)Pat.)、木耳 (Auriculariaau riculaUnderw .)、平菇 (Pleurotusostreatus(Jacq .ExFr.)Quel.)、灵芝 (Ganodermalucidurn (Leyss .ExFr.)Karst.) 6种优良食、药用菌进行伐根接种试验 ,结果表明 :采用生物手段处理伐根是切实可行的 ,一般接种 2a后可使伐根迅速腐朽 ,并可进行迹地造林 ,并有效防治根朽菌 ((Vahl.ExFr.)Karst.)的侵染。

天蓝苜蓿锌胁迫下实时定量PCR内参基因筛选

选取8个管家基因(h2a、act、18s、tub、ubi、ef1、cyp、gapdh)作为候选内参基因,以不同浓度Zn2+处理下接菌第30d的天蓝苜蓿(Medicago Lupulina L.)接种根为实验材料,筛选用于目的基因实时荧光定量PCR分析的最佳内参基因.研究表明:候选内参基因平均表达稳定性由高到低排序为:ef1>ubi>act>h2a>gapdh>cyp>18s>tub;在不同Zn2+浓度胁迫下,最适内参基因组合各不相同:Zn2+=100mg/kg时,最佳内参基因组合为tub(1.97)和ef1(2.06);Zn2+=200mg/kg时,最佳内参基因组合为ef1(1.41)和ubi(2.51);Zn2+=300mg/kg时,最佳内参基因组合为ef1(1.41)和h2a(2.78);Zn2+=400mg/kg时,最佳内参基因组合为ef1(2.45)和act(2.55).该研究可为重金属污染地天蓝苜蓿抗性基因和共生基因的表达分析提供理论依据.

辣椒抗疫病材料的筛选

利用苗期接种法对国内外217份辣椒材料进行辣椒疫病的抗性鉴定和筛选,结果表明:不同辣椒种质材料之间的抗病性存在很大差异,幼苗发病率为0%～99%,病情指数为1.48～88.52,其中高抗材料有84份,占试材总数38.71%;抗病材料有57份,占总试材数的26.27%;感病材料有34份,其中8份来自国外2,6份来自国内。

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明:40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如:‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。

芝麻种质资源抗青枯病鉴定

采用自然病圃法和伤根灌注法对29份芝麻种质资源进行了青枯病抗性鉴定。结果表明:不同品种(株系)间的抗性存在较大差异。在自然病圃鉴定中,中抗品种4份,中感品种(株系)7份,感病品种(株系)13份,高感品种(株系)5份。在灌根接种鉴定中,中抗品种4份,中感品种(株系)6份,感病品种(株系)12份,高感品种(株系)7份。在两种鉴定中,金黄麻、鄱阳黑芝麻、赣芝5号、豫芝11均表现为中抗。对两种方法的鉴定结果(病情指数)进行聚类分析,29份材料均可聚为5个组。

Inoculation Effects of Dendrobium officinale Mycorrhizal Fungi on Their Plantlets

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the inoculation effects of Dendrobium officinale mycorrhizal fungi on their plantlets. [Method] Endophytic strains Tj1, Tj2 and Tj3 were obtained by isolation and purification from mycorrhiza of wild Dendrobium officinale and inoculated on the root system of Dendrobium officinale for inoculation test. [Result] Under tissue-culture conditions, at early stage, Tj1 strain hadn＇t shown promotion effect on Dendrobium officinale, Tj2 strain had shown relatively strong promotion effects, and Tj3 strain had promoted the growth of roots; at late stage, Tj1 strain had shown relatively strong promotion effects, Tj2 strain had shown the best inoculation effects and the strongest promotion effects, while Tj3 strain had caused root and seedling rot problems of the plantlets; under outdoor conditions, after inoculation with Tj2 strain, the number of leaves and lateral buds were increased, the growth of lateral root and the increase of plant height were significant, the leaves of Dendrobium officinale plantlets were large and dark green and an obvious root enlargement phenomenon was observed. [Conclusion] The two inoculation methods both indicate that Tj2 strain has relatively strong promotion effects on the growth of Dendrobium officinale roots and shoots, the increase of plant number and plant height, and the germination of new shoots and roots, which proved the effective establishment of symbiotic relationship between Tj2 strain and Dendrobium officinale. Therefore, T2 strain has practical application values on the successful cultivation of Dendrobium officinale plantlets.

EFFECT OF HOST PLANTS AND INOCULUM FORMS ON THE INOCULUM POTENTIAL OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

The effects of inoculum forms (single-spore, multi-spores, or colonized root pieces) and host plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf, and Trifolium repens L.) on the development and inoculum potential (IP) of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) :Glo-mus macrocarpum Tul & Tul, donuis mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus ver-siforme (Karsten) Berch, and Sclerocystis sinu/osa Gerdemann & Bakhi cultured in pots were investigated. The lag phase of treatment with 50 spores or 0.5 g (fresh weight) of colonized root pieces was 4 weeks, much shorter than that of the treatment with 1 spore (8 weeks); the value of IP (VIP) and percentage of root colonization (PRC) of the former were greater than those of the latter. Only on the early stages of colonization was there difference between the 50 spores and the 0.5 g (fresh weight) of colonized root piece inoculation treatments. The EP per plant inoculated with 0.5 g (fresh weight) of colonized root pieces of AMF was greater than that of the other two treatments except G. versiforme on Nicotiana tabacum, while the PRC of the plants inoculated with 50 spores and 0.5 g (fresh weight) of colonized root pieces of AMF was higher than that of the 1 spore inoculation after 10 weeks. Trie VIP of AMF on Trifolium repens was significantly higher than that on the other two hosts. The VIP of G. mosseae, G. versiforme, and S. sinuosa was respectively greater than that of G. macrocarpum. This suggested that different species of AMF produced different VIP of the inoculum . Nicotiana tabacum was much better than the other host plants which used to be inoculated with single spore, and to produce inocula of AMF.

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation on Phosphorus Uptake,Yield and Quality of Soybean Plants

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation with various rhizobium strains on growth status, phosphorus uptake, yield and quality of soybean plants. [Method] Using Dongnong 42 and Dongnong 46 as experimental soybeans, four treatments were designed, including non-inoculated CK group and three treatment groups inoculated respectively with rhizobium strains R2, R, and Rs, to analysis the effects of rhizobium inoculation on growth status, phosphorus uptake, yield and quality of soybean plants. [Result] Inoculation with different rhizobium strains could significantly increase the biomass and phosphorus content of the roots and shoots of Dongnong 42, to be specific, rhizobium strain R2 showed the best ef- fect, followed by Rs, and those of roots were improved greater than the shoots; in- oculation with rhizobium could significantly increase the yield of Dongnong 42, and R5 showed the best effect, but the yield of Dongnong 46 was decreased; after in- oculated with rhizobium, the protein content and fat content of soybean were signifi- cantly increased, and R2 showed the best effect, but the effects on different varieties varied, to be specific, the protein content of Dongnong 42 was significantly in- creased, while the fat content of Dongnong 46 was significantly increased; different rhizobium strains inoculated to different soybean varieties showed different effects. Inoculation with suitable rhizobium can improve plant growth characteristics, promote phosphorus uptake of plants, increase soybean yield, and effectively improve soy- bean quality. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for solving the prob- lem of soil phosphorus deficiency, increasing soybean yield and improving soybean quality in the future.

不同茄子砧木品种幼苗对青枯病的抗性比较

采用室内幼苗伤根接种法,对7个茄子砧木品种进行苗期人工接种茄子青枯病菌抗性试验。结果显示,7个供试砧木品种均表现不同程度的发病,通过比较筛选,发现砧木品种中托鲁巴姆系列1号、2号、4号和托托斯加系列2号等4个品种对青枯病表现为高抗,与对照茄子常规栽培品种正华1号表现差异显著。

烟草品种抗青枯病鉴定中的相关因素分析

采用烟草青枯病t1菌株对K730、红花大金元等品种分别作不同接种方法、不同菌量、不同重复和不同生育期接种试验以及与黄瓜花叶病 (CMV)交叉接种试验。结果表明 ,对烟草青枯病的抗性 ,烟草旺长初期采用切根灌菌液接种与病区田间自然鉴定结果之间呈极显著正相关 (R =0 9784 ) ,接种浓度以 10 8cfu/ml为宜。不同抗感品种在田间不同重复鉴定中均表现不同程度的抗幅波动 ,但都有一个相对稳定的抗性水平。根据不同生育期与t1菌株的相互作用 ,参试 10个品种可以分为全期中抗型、苗感成株期中抗型和全期感病型 3类。烟株生长初期感染黄瓜花叶病(CMV)后青枯病明显减轻 ,干扰了烟草品种对该病的抗性表达水平。查明了上述影响因素后 。

番茄枯萎抗病性室内鉴定方法研究

明确番茄枯萎病苗期抗病性鉴定方法中浸根接种的最佳苗龄为两片真叶期，此龄期根系发育多，拔苗后须根自然伤断，浸根接种率高。浸根接种随即移栽的与浸根２、５、１０ｍｉｎ的，它们之间发病差异不大。包括接种液浓度１０７孢子／ｍｌ和土温２８℃～３０℃在内的苗期人工接种方法。

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Plant Growth and Phthalic Ester Degradation in Two Contaminated Soils

A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with…