Photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion efficiency is hampered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.It is effective to suppress the recombination by constructing cocatalysts on photocatalysts with high...Photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion efficiency is hampered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.It is effective to suppress the recombination by constructing cocatalysts on photocatalysts with high-quality interfacial contact.Herein,we develop a novel strategy to in-situ grow ultrathin/V-doped graphene(NG)layer on TiO_(2) hollow spheres(HS) with large area and intimate interfacial contact via a chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The optimized TiO^(2)/NG HS nanocomposite achieves total CO_(2)conversion rates(the sum yield of CO,CH_(3)OH and CH_(4))of 18.11μmol·g^(-1)h^(-1),which is about 4.6 times higher than blank T1O_(2)HS.Experimental results demonstrate that intimate interfacial contact and abundant pyridinic N sites can effectively facilitate photogenerated charge carrier separation and transport,realizing enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance.In addition,this work provides an effective strategy for in-situ construction of graphene-based photocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion.展开更多
真核生物细胞中,双层膜细胞器线粒体会进行持续的分裂与融合,从而改变自身形态来满足细胞在不同生长条件下的能量代谢需求.除此之外,线粒体的动态与功能还依赖于与其他细胞器的互作及一些代谢产物在互作过程中的双向交流.与线粒体互作...真核生物细胞中,双层膜细胞器线粒体会进行持续的分裂与融合,从而改变自身形态来满足细胞在不同生长条件下的能量代谢需求.除此之外,线粒体的动态与功能还依赖于与其他细胞器的互作及一些代谢产物在互作过程中的双向交流.与线粒体互作的细胞器包括脂滴、过氧化物酶体、液泡和内质网等.在真菌细胞中,线粒体与内质网的互作由存在二者之间的内质网-线粒体接触复合物(ER and mitochondria encounter structure,ERMES)介导.ERMES复合物对于维持线粒体的形态和功能至关重要,其破坏会影响线粒体的动态、钙离子信号、磷脂组分的转运、真菌耐药性和致病真菌的毒力等.本文着重对ERMES复合物在真菌细胞中的组装、功能及其组装调控机制进行系统的总结和讨论.展开更多
线粒体相关内质网膜(mitochondria-associated ER membrane,MAM)是线粒体与内质网之间形成的具有一定功能的动态膜结构。MAM在维持内质网和线粒体正常功能的同时,也广泛参与氧化应激、脂质代谢、自噬、Ca^(2+)稳态等多种生理和病理生理...线粒体相关内质网膜(mitochondria-associated ER membrane,MAM)是线粒体与内质网之间形成的具有一定功能的动态膜结构。MAM在维持内质网和线粒体正常功能的同时,也广泛参与氧化应激、脂质代谢、自噬、Ca^(2+)稳态等多种生理和病理生理过程调节。随着研究的开展,透射电子显微镜、免疫荧光、邻位连接技术、基于分裂绿色荧光蛋白的接触位点传感器等技术逐渐被用于MAM功能和机制的相关研究,为深入揭示MAM在疾病发生发展中的功能提供了技术支撑。本文主要就目前MAM相关检测方法作一综述,为更好地开展MAM相关研究提供参考和借鉴。展开更多
Contacts between two general blocks are the fundamental problem for discontinuous analysis. There are different contact points in different block positions, and there may have infinite contact point pairs in the same ...Contacts between two general blocks are the fundamental problem for discontinuous analysis. There are different contact points in different block positions, and there may have infinite contact point pairs in the same block position. In this paper, a new concept of an entrance block for solving the contacts between two general blocks is introduced. The boundary of an entrance block is a contact cover system. Contact covers may consist of contact vectors, edges, angles or polygons. Each contact cover defines a contact point and all closed-contact points define the movements, rotations and deformations of all blocks as in real cases. Given a reference point, the concept of entrance block simplifies the contact computation in the following ways.(1) The shortest distance between two blocks can be computed by the shortest distance between the reference point and the surface of the entrance block.(2) As the reference point outside the entrance block moves onto the surface of entrance block, the first entrance takes place. This first entrance point on the entrance block surface defines the contact points and related contact locations.(3) If the reference point is already inside the entrance block, it will exit the entrance block along the shortest path. The corresponding shortest exit point on the entrance block surface defines the contact points and related contact locations. All blocks and angles here are defined by inequality equations. Algebraic operations on blocks and angles are described here. Since the blocks and angles are point sets with infinite points, the geometric computations are difficult, and therefore the geometric computations are performed by related algebraic operations.展开更多
文摘Photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion efficiency is hampered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.It is effective to suppress the recombination by constructing cocatalysts on photocatalysts with high-quality interfacial contact.Herein,we develop a novel strategy to in-situ grow ultrathin/V-doped graphene(NG)layer on TiO_(2) hollow spheres(HS) with large area and intimate interfacial contact via a chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The optimized TiO^(2)/NG HS nanocomposite achieves total CO_(2)conversion rates(the sum yield of CO,CH_(3)OH and CH_(4))of 18.11μmol·g^(-1)h^(-1),which is about 4.6 times higher than blank T1O_(2)HS.Experimental results demonstrate that intimate interfacial contact and abundant pyridinic N sites can effectively facilitate photogenerated charge carrier separation and transport,realizing enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance.In addition,this work provides an effective strategy for in-situ construction of graphene-based photocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion.
文摘真核生物细胞中,双层膜细胞器线粒体会进行持续的分裂与融合,从而改变自身形态来满足细胞在不同生长条件下的能量代谢需求.除此之外,线粒体的动态与功能还依赖于与其他细胞器的互作及一些代谢产物在互作过程中的双向交流.与线粒体互作的细胞器包括脂滴、过氧化物酶体、液泡和内质网等.在真菌细胞中,线粒体与内质网的互作由存在二者之间的内质网-线粒体接触复合物(ER and mitochondria encounter structure,ERMES)介导.ERMES复合物对于维持线粒体的形态和功能至关重要,其破坏会影响线粒体的动态、钙离子信号、磷脂组分的转运、真菌耐药性和致病真菌的毒力等.本文着重对ERMES复合物在真菌细胞中的组装、功能及其组装调控机制进行系统的总结和讨论.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570246 and 32170279)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572019CT03)。
文摘线粒体相关内质网膜(mitochondria-associated ER membrane,MAM)是线粒体与内质网之间形成的具有一定功能的动态膜结构。MAM在维持内质网和线粒体正常功能的同时,也广泛参与氧化应激、脂质代谢、自噬、Ca^(2+)稳态等多种生理和病理生理过程调节。随着研究的开展,透射电子显微镜、免疫荧光、邻位连接技术、基于分裂绿色荧光蛋白的接触位点传感器等技术逐渐被用于MAM功能和机制的相关研究,为深入揭示MAM在疾病发生发展中的功能提供了技术支撑。本文主要就目前MAM相关检测方法作一综述,为更好地开展MAM相关研究提供参考和借鉴。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2014CB047100)
文摘Contacts between two general blocks are the fundamental problem for discontinuous analysis. There are different contact points in different block positions, and there may have infinite contact point pairs in the same block position. In this paper, a new concept of an entrance block for solving the contacts between two general blocks is introduced. The boundary of an entrance block is a contact cover system. Contact covers may consist of contact vectors, edges, angles or polygons. Each contact cover defines a contact point and all closed-contact points define the movements, rotations and deformations of all blocks as in real cases. Given a reference point, the concept of entrance block simplifies the contact computation in the following ways.(1) The shortest distance between two blocks can be computed by the shortest distance between the reference point and the surface of the entrance block.(2) As the reference point outside the entrance block moves onto the surface of entrance block, the first entrance takes place. This first entrance point on the entrance block surface defines the contact points and related contact locations.(3) If the reference point is already inside the entrance block, it will exit the entrance block along the shortest path. The corresponding shortest exit point on the entrance block surface defines the contact points and related contact locations. All blocks and angles here are defined by inequality equations. Algebraic operations on blocks and angles are described here. Since the blocks and angles are point sets with infinite points, the geometric computations are difficult, and therefore the geometric computations are performed by related algebraic operations.
