槽型轨与车轮接触几何关系初步研究

研究了槽型轨的结构特点,提出了槽型轨与车轮接触几何关系的计算方法,得到了轮轨接触几何参数;并将槽型轨和普通钢轨的接触几何关系进行了比较,结果表明,槽型轨能够有效避免机车车辆脱轨。

考虑轮轨蠕滑和轮对蛇行的车桥耦合振动分析

列车通过桥梁时,车桥系统将发生动力相互作用。选取轮对的横摆和摇头作为独立的自由度,根据轮轨接触几何学理论,给出轮轨间的相互作用力,从而建立了轮对及车辆的振动微分方程。利用结构分析的有限单元法,建立了桥梁结构振动微分方程。根据车辆和桥梁两个子系统之间力和位移的协调条件,把二者耦合起来求解。以主跨为300 m的铁路斜拉桥和DF4型内燃机车为例,利用威尔逊-θ法,模拟机车过桥的全过程,求解桥梁结构的动力响应规律。计算结果表明:桥梁结构的横向动力响应随车速的增加先增大后减小;车速对扭转振动的影响不明显,而偏载对扭转振动有显著影响。

机械手与粘弹性物体碰撞的模型

当机器人与它们工作环境中的物体接触时会出现不稳定性。本文提出了末端作用器与物体相碰时各种不同动态模型,同时研究了冲击力的影响。末端作用器与之接触的物体可以用不同的粘弹性模型来表示。这里冲击力是用“修改赫兹型”和“修改指数函数型”碰撞模型来计算的。为了简化分析,分析中用的机械手是在一个平面上由两个转动关节和硬连杆组成的。通过研究提供了碰撞和物体的粘弹性模型,模型主要依赖于接触的几何形状和互相接触物体的表面材料,模型提供了接触中力和运动的关系,这些关系可用于模拟和控制。

A New Fractal Model of Elastic,Elastoplastic and Plastic Normal Contact Stiffness for Slow Sliding Interface Considering Dynamic Friction and Strain Hardening

The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding interface, the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness model for harsh surface was established, which revised the Majumdar-Bhushan fractal model and made it more perfect. In the combination of macro and micro perspective, the effects of coarse surface fractal variables, kinetic friction force in the friction interface, material characters of the friction couples on the contact status and contact property were discussed by the study of digital analysis. Results imply that the normal contact stiffness improves with the increasing real contact area and normal contact load, and reduces with the augment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is smaller than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness comprises a linear decrease with the increment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is bigger than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness has an exponential decrease with the increasing kinetic friction coefficient. © 2017, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.