言语表达的语码与接话策略

人们动态应用固有语码和交际语码表达言语、传达信息。实时采用相承、相离和相对接话策略,开展言语交际活动。

教师“发话”“接话”的行为特征及其改善——基于5个幼儿班教师行为的观察思考

作为师幼互动的主导者,教师的“发话”和“接话”不仅频率高、占时多,而且影响重大。以芜湖市两所幼儿园5个班(大班2个、中班2个、小班1个)的教学活动为样本,记录了239个教师“发话”和“接话”行为案例,并采用质性分析软件Nvivo12对案例进行编码和归纳。研究者将教师“发话”与“接话”行为分为发出指令、提供知识、提封闭性和开放性问题、接纳或拒绝幼儿的意见、行为、情感等几种类型。研究发现教师“发话”与“接话”行为存在“三维目标”上的问题,据此提出教师在知识与技能方面应及时总结知识点和用语规范,在过程与方法方面应多进行幼儿自行探究和师生合作的教学活动,在情感态度和价值观方面应阐述明确的价值观和树立以人为本的理念等建议。

对话中的假意否定方式——佯否

所谓佯否,就是在人际交往过程中,说话人先假意否定自己或对方所说的话,然后从相反或相对的一面加以表述,说出和原句一样的意思,这种出人意料的'纠正'方式,往往能收到极其幽默的交际效果.如:

Stress Concentration Factors at Saddle and Crown Positions on the Central Brace of Two-Planar Welded CHS DKT-connections

A set of parametric stress analyses was carried out for two-planar tubular DKT-joints under different axial loading conditions. The analysis results were used to present general remarks on the effects of the geometrical parameters on stress concentration factors （SCFs） at the inner saddle, outer saddle, and crown positions on the central brace. Based on results of finite element （FE） analysis and through nonlinear regression analysis, a new set of SCF parametric equations was established for fatigue design purposes. An assessment study of equations was conducted against the experimental data and original SCF database. The satisfaction of acceptance criteria proposed by the UK Department of Energy （UK DoE） was also checked. Results of parametric study showed that highly remarkable differences exist between the SCF values in a multi-planar DKT-joint and the corresponding SCFs in an equivalent uni-planar KT-joint having the same geometrical properties. It can be clearly concluded from this observation that using the equations proposed for uni-planar KT-connections to compute the SCFs in multi-planar DKT-joints will lead to either considerably under-predicting or over-predicting results. Hence, it is necessary to develop SCF formulae specially designed for multi-planar DKT-joints. Good results of equation assessment according to UK DoE acceptance criteria, high values of correlation coefficients, and the satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed equations and the experimental data guarantee the accuracy of the equations. Therefore, the developed equations can be reliably used for fatigue design of offshore structures.

Meaning in the Holy Quran： A Text Analysis of the ＂Surah Livestock＂ （＂A1-An＇am＂） Within the Framework of Grice＇s Theory of Implicature

The Holy Quran （1982） is the Holy Book of the Moslems and the most understandable aspect of its eloquence. One of the most interesting aspects found in different languages is the use of implicatures or implied meaning. How and why such implicatures are generated and are discussed in pragmatics？ In this study, a list of conversations （direct and indirect） from ＂Surah Livestock＂ （＂A1-An＇am＂）, the sixth Chapter of the Holy Quran, and the implicatures implied in the conversations are analyzed through a pragmatic theory： CP （Cooperative Principle）. The present study shows that in most cases, the non-observance of Grice＇s （1975） maxims is found in the maxim of Quantity and the least in Manner. Grice＇s CP and its contributory maxims have not been observed in the ＂Surah Livestock＂ in this study. All maxims of Grice have been flouted in This Surah （1982） and there is no difference among Gricean maxims as far as flouting in the Surah is concerned.

Testing a mobile app for child abuse treatment: A mixed methods study

Objective:This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the usability and acceptability of a mobile application(sexual assault care algorithm,SACA).Methods:An explanatory sequential mixed methods research was used.A quantitative survey was followed up by a qualitative study.A convenience sample of participants(n=4)was recruited.The research was conducted on a one-on-one basis.In the quantitative phase,a random assignment technique was used to divide four participants into two groups of two participants each.Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire(PSSUQ)and Acceptability e-Scale were used to collect quantitative data.In the qualitative phase,interview,observation,and documentation were used to collect qualitative data.Data were analyzed both quantitative and qualitatively.The qualitative data were linked with the initial quantitative data to determine how the follow-up qualitative data helped explain the initial quantitative results.Results:The quantitative results suggested that SACA has high usability(5.05±1.83)and acceptability(3.81±1.22).The qualitative results further indicate that the participants thought SACA was easy to use and useful,and most of them would recommend it to others.Areas of improvement include adding features that would calculate and validate the elapsed time since the sexual assault,adding explanations to some buttons,and providing training.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the value of using a mixed methods research design to conduct a usability and acceptability test.Nurses are more likely to adopt a new technology for their evidencebased practice when the technology is easy to use and useful and requires less time to find the right piece of guideline evidence.Individualized training needs to be designed based on users'characteristics.

Joint Channel Estimation and Decoding Design for 5G-Enabled V2V Channel

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in 5G-enabled vehicular-to-vehicular(V2V) channels with high-mobility environments and non-stationary feature. Considering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) system, we perform extended Kalman filter(EKF) for channel estimation in conjunction with Iterative Detector & Decoder(IDD) at the receiver to improve the estimation accuracy. The EKF is proposed for jointly estimating the channel frequency response and the time-varying time correlation coefficients. And the IDD structure is adopted to reduce the estimation errors in EKF. The simulation results show that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method effectively promotes the system performance.

Some Remarks on the Role of Tamil Literary Tradition in Siva Satakam of Narayana Guru

The paper presents an analysis of the selected stanzas of Siva Satakam （One Hundred Verses on Siva）--the most important hymn devoted to Siva composed in Malayalam by Narayana Guru. The analysis shows that there is a tendency in the hymn to emphasise the equal status of Sanskrit and Dravidian literary tradition. Several stanzas are constructed on the basis of Sanskrit stories or myths; however, this ＂classical＂ scheme is filled with Tamil or Malayalam concepts, ideas, and key words. What is more, Narayana Guru employs so called twilight language used by authors of Tamil philosophical works in order to provide a receiver of the poem with the opportunity to interpret some stanzas in accordance with Sanskrit as well as Dravidian tradition. The introduction of a person belonging to lower caste of South India as the one who is able to attain liberation, as well as presentation of the welt-known philosophical concepts as equal or even subordinated to the Dravidian ideas could become a significant contribution to the social activity of Guru comprising among others the concern for spiritual and social uplift of the lower caste people of Kerala.

Stylistic Analysis of Hopkins＇ Sonnet ＂No Worst＂

This thesis is concerned with the ＂stylistic analysis＂ of the sonnet ＂no worst, there is none＂. Stylistic rules are discourse bound, in the sense that the acceptability of sentences derived by the application of stylistic rules is crucially dependent upon their appropriateness to the contexts of utterances. The poetic language has poetic licences, can be an interpretation for the foreground regularities and foreground irregularities of poem. In this paper, I shall discuss the warranty and significance for these foregrounded regularities and irregularities stylistically, and evaluate it in the context.