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哈拉哈塘深井控位移钻井技术
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作者 丁红 万教育 +4 位作者 李俊胜 张仪 徐华冬 邢战 田军武 《西部探矿工程》 CAS 2018年第10期42-44,共3页
哈拉哈塘区域是塔里木油田碳酸盐油气田开发方面重点区域,深井钻井中二开长裸眼段下部地层岩性复杂且非均质性强,采用常规螺杆组合钻达要求的目标靶点,作业井段长且钻井速度慢,通过开展相关的轨迹控制与提速技术研究,现场用于HA6-2等2... 哈拉哈塘区域是塔里木油田碳酸盐油气田开发方面重点区域,深井钻井中二开长裸眼段下部地层岩性复杂且非均质性强,采用常规螺杆组合钻达要求的目标靶点,作业井段长且钻井速度慢,通过开展相关的轨迹控制与提速技术研究,现场用于HA6-2等2口深井,轨迹控制满足设计要求,控制段长减少300m以上,平均机械钻速提高28.39%,工期缩短76.74%,为该区域深井控位移钻井探寻出了一条有益的途径。通过对区域深井控位移井的轨迹控制与提速技术研究,并在现场得到成功运用,为同类型井技术应用提供了很好的借鉴作用。 展开更多
关键词 哈拉哈塘 深井 控位移 轨迹 提速技术
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力-位移分控多点成形球面回弹的数值模拟 被引量:1
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作者 于静泊 王卫卫 贾彬彬 《煤矿机械》 北大核心 2009年第3期61-63,共3页
回弹是影响成形件质量的主要因素之一,是板材冷冲压成形必须解决的问题。以球面为例,采用显-隐式算法模拟力-位移分控多点成形在成形球面时的回弹现象。显示算法模拟成形加载过程,隐式算法模拟卸载回弹过程。对不同成形参数下的球面进... 回弹是影响成形件质量的主要因素之一,是板材冷冲压成形必须解决的问题。以球面为例,采用显-隐式算法模拟力-位移分控多点成形在成形球面时的回弹现象。显示算法模拟成形加载过程,隐式算法模拟卸载回弹过程。对不同成形参数下的球面进行回弹数值模拟,分析回弹的影响因素。 展开更多
关键词 力-位移 多点成形 球面 回弹
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力-位移分控多点成形鞍面回弹的数值模拟研究
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作者 李颖 王卫卫 +1 位作者 贾彬彬 于静泊 《锻压装备与制造技术》 2014年第6期81-85,共5页
本文针对马鞍面的力-位移分控多点成形的回弹进行了研究。采用数值模拟的方法,对不同曲率半径和不同板厚的鞍形面进行了成形过程的模拟和卸载回弹分析。结果表明,曲率半径越大,该方向的回弹越大;板厚越大,两个方向的回弹都变小,且起主... 本文针对马鞍面的力-位移分控多点成形的回弹进行了研究。采用数值模拟的方法,对不同曲率半径和不同板厚的鞍形面进行了成形过程的模拟和卸载回弹分析。结果表明,曲率半径越大,该方向的回弹越大;板厚越大,两个方向的回弹都变小,且起主导作用的方向对另一方向的影响越小。 展开更多
关键词 板材成形 力-位移多点成形 鞍面 回弹 数值模拟
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圆柱面力—位移分控多点成形的数值模拟研究 被引量:3
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作者 崔爱爱 王卫卫 +1 位作者 陈泽 于静泊 《锻压装备与制造技术》 2011年第5期91-95,共5页
针对多点成形厚向约束不足易产生成形缺陷的现状,论文研究了无模多点成形中提高成形质量的一种新的成形方法,提出了力—位移分控的多点成形模式。讨论了力—位移分控多点成形模式下提高成形质量的机理,给出了实现力—位移分控多点成形... 针对多点成形厚向约束不足易产生成形缺陷的现状,论文研究了无模多点成形中提高成形质量的一种新的成形方法,提出了力—位移分控的多点成形模式。讨论了力—位移分控多点成形模式下提高成形质量的机理,给出了实现力—位移分控多点成形的方法。采用数值模拟的方法,对不同曲率半径、板厚、成形力条件下的柱面件成形过程及回弹进行了分析研究。结果表明,采用力—位移分控的多点成形模式较多点模具成形能获得更好的成形质量与效果;成形力越大,板厚越大,曲率越大,回弹越小。 展开更多
关键词 机械制造 多点成形 力-位移 数值模拟
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力-位移分控多点成形新工艺及其回弹控制机理 被引量:1
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作者 郑楠 贾彬彬 王卫卫 《精密成形工程》 2017年第4期25-30,共6页
目的对比研究力-位移分控多点弯曲成形的受力和变形特点,揭示力-位移分控多点成形技术改善成形质量的机理。方法首先设计制造出采用力-位移分控多点成形原理成形的实验装置,并进行圆柱面的实际成形,比较不同成形模式下所获得成形制件的... 目的对比研究力-位移分控多点弯曲成形的受力和变形特点,揭示力-位移分控多点成形技术改善成形质量的机理。方法首先设计制造出采用力-位移分控多点成形原理成形的实验装置,并进行圆柱面的实际成形,比较不同成形模式下所获得成形制件的差异,然后采用理论分析和数值模拟等手段,分析对比不同成形模式的受力与变形条件,探讨不同成形模式下的变形特点与规律。结果从理论上给出了力-位移分控多点成形能有效减小回弹、消除"直边效应"的力学原理,指出了力-位移分控多点成形技术减小回弹的根本原因在于法向约束力的作用,且回弹减小量与法向约束力的大小成正比,并通过数值模拟,从应力和应变分布、支反力变化等方面予以了验证。结论力-位移分控多点成形从本质上改变了板材的受力和变形条件,能有效提升成形质量。 展开更多
关键词 力-位移 多点成形 板材成形 回弹
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基于不可控微扫描的高分辨力图像重构方法 被引量:1
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作者 陈艳 金伟其 +3 位作者 徐超 王霞 高美静 王岭雪 《光子学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第8期2155-2159,共5页
针对存在不可控微位移的序列低分辨力图像,提出了一种基于2×2不可控微扫描的高分辨力图像重构方法,采用投影法估算出低分辨力图像LR的微位移量,采用基于泰勒级数展开的重构算法由4帧图像重构高分辨力图像.模拟表明:该算法能精确地... 针对存在不可控微位移的序列低分辨力图像,提出了一种基于2×2不可控微扫描的高分辨力图像重构方法,采用投影法估算出低分辨力图像LR的微位移量,采用基于泰勒级数展开的重构算法由4帧图像重构高分辨力图像.模拟表明:该算法能精确地估计序列图像的帧间位移量并取得较好的重构效果,且算法简单有效可行,处理量小,有利于实现快速处理,在一定程度可满足同步轨道卫星、公安监视等领域对高分辨力成像处理的需求. 展开更多
关键词 图像重构 不可位移 图像配准 高分辨力
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行星动力下降多约束最优反馈制导方法 被引量:1
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作者 张晓文 王天舒 +1 位作者 王大轶 李骥 《宇航学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第8期1171-1182,共12页
为实现行星定点着陆,针对E制导和零控位移偏差/零控速度偏差(ZEM/ZEV)制导的不足,提出多约束下动力下降最优反馈制导方法。首先,在分析E制导性质的基础上,提出制导时长初值的高效选取方法和基于预测校正的优化方法,经少量迭代实现在推... 为实现行星定点着陆,针对E制导和零控位移偏差/零控速度偏差(ZEM/ZEV)制导的不足,提出多约束下动力下降最优反馈制导方法。首先,在分析E制导性质的基础上,提出制导时长初值的高效选取方法和基于预测校正的优化方法,经少量迭代实现在推力范围受限且连续变推力约束下推进剂消耗接近最优。接着,提出基于碰撞规避时长和推力优化分配律的地平碰撞规避方法,并在此基础上利用坐标系旋转,给出满足下滑角约束的碰撞规避方法,显著提高碰撞规避能力和着陆点可见性。之后,提出匀速转动制导和基于预测校正的组合制导参数规划方法,使制导终端扩充满足加速度约束。最后,数学仿真表明新方法有效,多约束适应性强,计算量相对小,适合工程应用。 展开更多
关键词 行星着陆 动力下降 最优反馈制导 E制导 控位移偏差/零速度偏差
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中型动三轴仪研制及微小应变测试技术应用 被引量:13
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作者 孔宪京 张涛 +2 位作者 邹德高 娄树莲 徐斌 《大连理工大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第1期79-84,共6页
常规土工三轴仪测试精度较低.为提高试验精度,引进微小应变测试技术,即在三轴压力室增设内置力、局部位移和非接触位移等测试装置,研制了中型动三轴仪.这不仅可以排除试样端垫误差,而且使试验精度提高了1个数量级,即轴向应变接近10-6.... 常规土工三轴仪测试精度较低.为提高试验精度,引进微小应变测试技术,即在三轴压力室增设内置力、局部位移和非接触位移等测试装置,研制了中型动三轴仪.这不仅可以排除试样端垫误差,而且使试验精度提高了1个数量级,即轴向应变接近10-6.用该三轴仪,并综合运用力控和位移控制方法进行了动剪切模量和阻尼比试验.试验结果证明,该三轴仪具有精度高、性能稳定及操作简便等优点,可用于研究各种粗粒土的动力特性. 展开更多
关键词 三轴试验 精度 位移 中型动三轴仪 土建工程 土工试验
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鞍面力-位移分控多点成形起皱的数值模拟研究 被引量:4
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作者 王卫卫 李颖 贾彬彬 《锻压技术》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2015年第5期22-27,共6页
在多点成形中,起皱是影响板材成形质量的重要因素。针对鞍面在力-位移分控多点成形方式下的起皱,以ABAQUS为模拟分析平台,模拟了鞍面的成形过程,并分析了其起皱缺陷。研究结果表明:在鞍面力-位移分控多点成形过程中,当板厚较小(1和1.5 ... 在多点成形中,起皱是影响板材成形质量的重要因素。针对鞍面在力-位移分控多点成形方式下的起皱,以ABAQUS为模拟分析平台,模拟了鞍面的成形过程,并分析了其起皱缺陷。研究结果表明:在鞍面力-位移分控多点成形过程中,当板厚较小(1和1.5 mm)时,板材中心区域发生了较为严重的起皱,且优先变形的方向发生的起皱现象更明显;随着板厚和曲率半径的增大,起皱趋势减小。针对起皱现象探明了起皱的原因,提出了鞍面起皱的抑制方法,并进行了模拟计算和成形试验,结果表明,增大成形力和错位都可以抑制起皱,错位并结合增大成形力可以显著改善板材成形质量。 展开更多
关键词 鞍面 力-位移 起皱 数值模拟
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基于修正偶应力理论的Timoshenko微梁模型和尺寸效应研究 被引量:4
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作者 周博 郑雪瑶 +1 位作者 康泽天 薛世峰 《应用数学和力学》 CSCD 北大核心 2019年第12期1321-1334,共14页
基于修正偶应力理论,将Timoshenko微梁的应力、偶应力、应变、曲率等基本变量,描述为位移分量偏导数的表达式.根据最小势能原理,推导了决定Timoshenko微梁位移场的位移场控微分方程.利用级数法求解了任意载荷作用下Timoshenko简支微梁... 基于修正偶应力理论,将Timoshenko微梁的应力、偶应力、应变、曲率等基本变量,描述为位移分量偏导数的表达式.根据最小势能原理,推导了决定Timoshenko微梁位移场的位移场控微分方程.利用级数法求解了任意载荷作用下Timoshenko简支微梁的位移场控微分方程,得到了反映尺寸效应的挠度、转角及应力的偶应力理论解.通过对承受余弦分布载荷Timoshenko简支微梁的数值计算,研究了Timoshenko微梁的挠度、转角和应力的尺寸效应,分析了Poisson比对Timoshenko微梁力学行为及其尺寸效应的影响.结果表明:当截面高度与材料特征长度的比值小于5时,Timoshenko微梁的刚度和强度均随着截面高度的减小而显著提高,表现出明显的尺寸效应;当截面高度与材料特征长度的比值大于10时,Timoshenko微梁的刚度与强度均趋于稳定,尺寸效应可以忽略;材料Poisson比是影响Timoshenko微梁力学行为及尺寸效应的重要因素,Poisson比越大Timoshenko微梁刚度和强度的尺寸效应越显著.该文建立的Timoshenko微梁模型,能有效描述Timoshenko微梁的力学行为及尺寸效应,可为微电子机械系统(MEMS)中的微结构设计与分析提供理论基础和技术参考. 展开更多
关键词 Timoshenko微梁 尺寸效应 位移方程 级数法 微电子机械系统
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A Novel Digital Transceiver for CT0 Standard 被引量:1
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作者 陈殿玉 许长喜 +7 位作者 陈浩琼 李振 郭秀丽 惠志强 施鹏 王跃 吴岳 熊绍珍 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第6期833-841,共9页
This paper introduces a novel digital transceiver for the cordless telephone zero (CT0) standard,which uses a digital modulation and demodulation technique to handle the signal instead of the traditional analog meth... This paper introduces a novel digital transceiver for the cordless telephone zero (CT0) standard,which uses a digital modulation and demodulation technique to handle the signal instead of the traditional analog meth-od. In the transmitter,a fractional-N phase locked loop (PLL) is utilized to realize the continuous phase frequency shift key (CPFSK) modulation,and a 2 Ts raised cosine (2RC) shaping technique is used to reduce the occupied bandwidth. In the receiver,a novel digital method is proposed to demodulate the 2RC CPFSK signal. This chip is fabricated using an SMIC 0.35μm mixed signal CMOS process with a die size of 2mm × 2mm. With an external low noise amplifier (LNA),the sensitivity of the chip is better than -103dBm. 展开更多
关键词 RF transceiver fractional-N PLL CPFSK MODULATOR DEMODULATOR
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New digital drive phase control for improving bias stability of silicon MEMS gyroscope 被引量:3
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作者 夏国明 杨波 王寿荣 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2011年第1期47-51,共5页
In order to improve the bias stability of the micro-electro mechanical system(MEMS) gyroscope and reduce the impact on the bias from environmental temperature,a digital signal processing method is described for impr... In order to improve the bias stability of the micro-electro mechanical system(MEMS) gyroscope and reduce the impact on the bias from environmental temperature,a digital signal processing method is described for improving the accuracy of the drive phase in the gyroscope drive mode.Through the principle of bias signal generation,it can be concluded that the deviation of the drive phase is the main factor affecting the bias stability.To fulfill the purpose of precise drive phase control,a digital signal processing circuit based on the field-programmable gate array(FPGA) with the phase-lock closed-loop control method is described and a demodulation method for phase error suppression is given.Compared with the analog circuit,the bias drift is largely reduced in the new digital circuit and the bias stability is improved from 60 to 19 °/h.The new digital control method can greatly increase the drive phase accuracy,and thus improve the bias stability. 展开更多
关键词 silicon micro-electro mechanical system(MEMS) gyroscope bias drift drive phase control field-programmable gate array(FPGA)
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Multi-objective optimization of active steering system with force and displacement coupled control 被引量:4
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作者 赵万忠 孙培坤 +1 位作者 刘顺 林逸 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第4期974-981,共8页
A novel active steering system with force and displacement coupled control(the novel AFS system) was introduced,which has functions of both the active steering and electric power steering.Based on the model of the nov... A novel active steering system with force and displacement coupled control(the novel AFS system) was introduced,which has functions of both the active steering and electric power steering.Based on the model of the novel AFS system and the vehicle three-degree of freedom system,the concept and quantitative formulas of the novel AFS system steering performance were proposed.The steering road feel and steering portability were set as the optimizing targets with the steering stability and steering portability as the constraint conditions.According to the features of constrained optimization of multi-variable function,a multi-variable genetic algorithm for the system parameter optimization was designed.The simulation results show that based on parametric optimization of the multi-objective genetic algorithm,the novel AFS system can improve the steering road feel,steering portability and steering stability,thus the optimization method can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the novel AFS system. 展开更多
关键词 vehicle engineering active steering electric power steering multi-objective genetic algorithm
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Effect of Mg and semi solid processing on microstructure and impression creep properties of A356 alloy 被引量:9
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作者 B.AMIR ESGANDARI B.NAMI +1 位作者 M.SHAHMIRI A.ABEDI 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第9期2518-2523,共6页
The effects of Mg and semi solid processing on the creep properties ofA356 A1 alloy were investigated. The results show that the dislocation climb controlled creep is the dominant creep mechanism and it is not affecte... The effects of Mg and semi solid processing on the creep properties ofA356 A1 alloy were investigated. The results show that the dislocation climb controlled creep is the dominant creep mechanism and it is not affected by the semi solid processing and further addition of Mg. Mg improves the alloy creep properties probably by forming large Chinese script Mg2Si compounds at the interdendritic regions. The semi solid processed specimens exhibit better creep properties in comparison with the as cast ones. It is attributed to the reduction in the stacking fault energy resulting from the significant dissolution of Mg in the a(A1) phase. 展开更多
关键词 A356 alloy MICROSTRUCTURE semi solid processing impression creep dislocation climb controlled creep
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Three-dimensional finite element analysis on effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation 被引量:6
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作者 杨敏 孙庆 +1 位作者 李卫超 马亢 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2011年第3期909-916,共8页
A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-indu... A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect. 展开更多
关键词 finite element analysis TUNNELLING pile foundation three-dimensional simulation displacement controlled model
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Stability of Disclinations in Nematic Liquid Crystals 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Yu-Sheng YANG Guo-Hong +1 位作者 TIAN Li-Jun DUAN Yi-Shi 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第6期993-999,共7页
In the light of C-mapping method and topological current theory, the stability of disclinations around a spherical particle in nematic liquid crystals is studied. We consider two different defect structures around a s... In the light of C-mapping method and topological current theory, the stability of disclinations around a spherical particle in nematic liquid crystals is studied. We consider two different defect structures around a spherical particle: disclination ring and point defect at the north or south pole of the particle. We calculate the free energy of these different defects in the elastic theory. It is pointed out that the total Frank free energy density can be divided into two parts. One is the distorted energy density of director field around the disclinations. The other is the free energy density of disclinations themselves, which is shown to be concentrated at the defect and to be topologically quantized in the unit of (k - k24)π/2. It is shown that in the presence of saddle-splay elasticity a dipole (radial and hyperbolic hedgehog) configuration that accompanies a particle with strong homeotropic anchoring takes the structure of a small disclination ring, not a point defect. 展开更多
关键词 director field topological defect free energy BIFURCATION
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Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter:A Comprehensive Survey
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作者 那吉.阿哈姆斯 陈珩 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2001年第1期85-88,共4页
Thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS) is one of the new facilities implemented in power network, leading to the development of economically efficient and technically reliable system. This paper introduces the functio... Thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS) is one of the new facilities implemented in power network, leading to the development of economically efficient and technically reliable system. This paper introduces the function of TCPS in power system, describes its working principle and structure, and suggests some simple models used in its study and briefly presents the comparison between different types of TCPSs and their applications. 展开更多
关键词 power system FACTS TCPS phase angle regulation
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PLL DEMODULATION TECHNIQUE FOR M-RAY POSITION PHASE SHIFT KEYING 被引量:10
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作者 Qi Chenhao Wu Lenan 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2009年第3期289-295,共7页
The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation ... The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR. 展开更多
关键词 Phase Locked Loop (PLL) M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying (MPPSK) Phase Detector (PD) Power Spectrum Density (PSD)
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Analysis of free vibration characteristic of steel-concrete composite box-girder considering shear lag and slip 被引量:9
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作者 周旺保 蒋丽忠 余志武 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第9期2570-2577,共8页
Based on Hamilton principle,the governing differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions of steel-concrete composite box girder with consideration of the shear lag effect meeting self equilibrated st... Based on Hamilton principle,the governing differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions of steel-concrete composite box girder with consideration of the shear lag effect meeting self equilibrated stress,shear deformation,slip,as well as rotational inertia were induced.Therefore,natural frequency equations were obtained for the boundary types,such as simple support,cantilever,continuous girder and fixed support at two ends.The ANSYS finite element solutions were compared with the analytical solutions by calculation examples and the validity of the proposed approach was verified,which also shows the correctness of longitudinal warping displacement functions.Some meaningful conclusions for engineering design were obtained.The decrease extent of each order natural frequency of the steel-concrete composite box-girder is great under action of the shear lag effect.The shear-lag effect of steel-concrete composite box girder increases when frequency order rises,and increases while span-width ratio decreases.The proposed approach provides theoretical basis for further research of free vibration characteristics of steel-concrete composite box-girder. 展开更多
关键词 steel-concrete composite box-girder shear lag effect shear deformation SLIP free vibration
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Investigation on the threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity for the extraction of complicated orebody under railway 被引量:6
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作者 Jiang Lichunt Hu Liuqing Lai Xiuying 《Mining Science and Technology》 EI CAS 2011年第2期169-174,共6页
The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of dis... The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of displacement and velocity of mass point,differential evolution is put forward based on 3DEC dynamic analysis,making the calculation more efficient and accurate.The 3DEC model of the complicated orebody under railway is established according to the topographic maps and geological data of the eastern Pyrite Mine.The stimulus-response distribution of internal stress and displacement fields are demonstrated by analyzing the on-site monitoring vibration displacement and velocity data of the mass point.The reliability of parameter selection,such as blasting simulation waveforms,rock damping,is identified.The safety vibration velocity of railway is set to 4.5 cm/s in line with the requirement of safety blasting rules.Thus,the maximum amount of single-stage explosive in this region is 44.978 kg.The simulation result is in good agreement with the on-site monitoring datum.No displacement and settlement of the 701 railway special line was achieved by choosing the critical amount of the single-stage explosive. 展开更多
关键词 Mining under construction Road and water Blasting vibration The method of differential evolution Safety velocity Amount of single-stage explosive
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