AIM: To determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying (GE) in older patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and forty seven patients with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 140 had been hospitalised,...AIM: To determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying (GE) in older patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and forty seven patients with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 140 had been hospitalised, mean age 62.3 ± 8.0 years, HbA1c 9.1% ± 1.9%, treated with either oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were studied. GE of a solid meal (scintigraphy), autonomic nerve function, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, acute and chronic glycemic control were evaluated. Gastric emptying results were compared to a control range of hospitalised patients who did not have diabetes. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was delayed (T50 > 85 min) in 17.7% patients. Mean gastric emptying was slower in females (T50 72.1 ± 72.1 min vs 56.9 ± 68.1 min, P = 0.02) and in those reporting nausea (112.3 ± 67.3 vs 62.7 ± 70.0 min, P < 0.01) and early satiety (114.0 ± 135.2 vs 61.1 ± 62.6 min, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between GE with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, neuropathy, current glycemia or the total score for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Prolonged GE occurs in about 20% of hospitalised elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes when compared to hospitalised patients who do not have diabetes. Female gender, nausea and early satiety areassociated with higher probability of delayed GE.展开更多
A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body com...A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body composition of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Shrimp s were randomly allocated into 9 tanks, 30 each, and f ed with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum(1×10~9 cfug^(-1)): 0 mgg^(-1) feed(Control), 100 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-100), 200 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-200), while each level was triplicated. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the intestine pepsin(Pep) activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) concentration of two C. butyricum group s were both increased. Amylase(AM Y) and lipase(LPS) activities wer e only induced in CB-200 group. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(A ST) activities of two C. butyricum group s showed no significant change. The α-amylase(AM Y) gene expression was induced in CB-200 group, and tryp sin gene expression of two C. butyricum treated group s were both induced. Intestine SCFA content and body composition analysis showed that the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and the crude protein of two C. butyricum group s were all higher than those of control. These results revealed that C. butyricum can modulate intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, improve intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content in M. japonicus.展开更多
The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There...The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.展开更多
Objective To construct a single plasmid vector mediating doxycycline-inducible recombined human insulin gene expr-ession in myotube cell line. Methods An expression cassette of rtTAnls driven by promoter of human cyto...Objective To construct a single plasmid vector mediating doxycycline-inducible recombined human insulin gene expr-ession in myotube cell line. Methods An expression cassette of rtTAnls driven by promoter of human cytomegalovirus and a furin-cuttable recom-bined human insulin expression cassette driven by a reverse poly-tetO DNA motif were cloned into a single plasmid vector (prTR-tetO-mINS). The prTR-tetO-mINS and pLNCX were co-transfected into a myotube cell line (C2C12) and pLNCX vector were used as a control. After selection with G418, the transfected cells were induced with doxycycline at concentra-tions of 0, 2, and 10 μg/mL. RT-PCR was used to determine expression levels of recombinant insulin mRNA at the 5th day. Insulin production in cell cultures medium (at different incubation time) and cell extracts (at the 7th day) were analyzed with human pro/insulin RIA kits. Results Immune reactive insulin (IRI) level in cell medium was found increased at 24 hours of doxycycline incubation, and still increased at the 5th day. After withdrawn of doxycycline, IRI decreased sharply and was at baseline three days later. IRI and human insulin mRNA levels were positively related to different levels of doxycycline. A 25-fold increase in IRI was found against background expression at the 7th day. Conclusion Human insulin expression can be successfully regulated by doxycycline and the background was very low. This single tet-on insulin expression system may provide a new approach to a controlled insulin gene therapy in skeletal muscle.展开更多
A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties (compressional wave velocity and attenuation). The new in-situ system consists of two p...A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties (compressional wave velocity and attenuation). The new in-situ system consists of two parts: the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.展开更多
Global DNA hypomethylation at CpG islands coupled with local hypermethylation is a hallmark for breast cancer, yet the mechanism underlying this change remains elusive. In this study, we showed that DNMT1, which encod...Global DNA hypomethylation at CpG islands coupled with local hypermethylation is a hallmark for breast cancer, yet the mechanism underlying this change remains elusive. In this study, we showed that DNMT1, which encodes a methylation maintenance enzyme, is a transcriptional target of BRCA1. BRCA1 binds to the promoter of the DNMT1 gene through a potential OCT1 site and the binding is required for maintaining a transcriptional active configuration of the promoter in both mouse and human cells. We further demonstrated that impaired function of BRCA1 leads to global DNA hypomethylation, loss of genomic imprinting, and an open chromatin configuration in several types of tissues examined in a BRCA1 mutant mouse model at premaligant stages. BRCA1 deficiency is also associated with significantly increased expression levels of several protooncogenes, including c-Fos, Ha-Ras, and c-Myc, with a higher expression in tumors, while premalignant mammary epithelial cells displayed an intermediate state between tumors and controls. In human clinical samples, reduced expression of BRCA1 correlates with decreased levels of DNMT1, and reduced methylation of CpG islands. Thus, BRCA1 prevents global DNA hypomethylation through positively regulating DNMT1 expression, and this provides one of mechanisms for BRCAl-associated breast cancer formation.展开更多
The experimental results by the simulated PV (photovoltaic) system for understanding the cause of disconnection when instantaneous voltage sag occurs are reported in this study. Moreover, it is understood that the P...The experimental results by the simulated PV (photovoltaic) system for understanding the cause of disconnection when instantaneous voltage sag occurs are reported in this study. Moreover, it is understood that the PCS with the voltage phase jump detection method which is one of the main causes of the disconnection. We modeled it in the simulation. When fault occurs, even though the residual voltage is more than 20% and the voltage sag time is within 1.0 s, the PCS disconnected by the voltage phase jump detection was confirmed in the simulation results. Ifa large number of PV systems are interconnected in the power system, this study is verified through the simulation that the interaction caused by the disconnection which generated by the voltage phase jump detection. This study is proposed threshold limit value of islanding detection. The validity of proposed method was verified through the simulation in this study.展开更多
In many developing countries, there are regions where the electrical grid is weak or nonexistent. However, in these areas, large amounts of distributed energy sources, such as hydro, are often available and could be s...In many developing countries, there are regions where the electrical grid is weak or nonexistent. However, in these areas, large amounts of distributed energy sources, such as hydro, are often available and could be suitably exploited. To this aim, the low head hydro power plants can play a significant role. In fact, recent technological advances in mini-hydro turbines and decreasing costs of static electricity conversion devices enable to realize suitable power plants for an efficient and profitable exploitation of these sites. One of the major challenges is the integration of the above-mentioned power plants into autonomous electrical systems, islanded and/or disconnectable from the main distribution network. In this paper, an innovative control strategy for a low head hydro power plant supplying users in small clusters of villages is proposed.展开更多
Excess lipid storage in adipose tissue results in the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders including diabetes,fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases.The lipid droplet(LD)is an important subcellular or...Excess lipid storage in adipose tissue results in the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders including diabetes,fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases.The lipid droplet(LD)is an important subcellular organelle responsible for lipid storage.We previously observed that Fsp27,a member of the CIDE family proteins,is localized to LD-contact sites and promotes atypical LD fusion and growth.Cidea,a close homolog of Fsp27,is expressed at high levels in brown adipose tissue.However,the exact role of Cidea in promoting LD fusion and lipid storage in adipose tissue remains unknown.Here,we expressed Cidea in Fsp27-knockdown adipocytes and observed that Cidea has similar activity to Fsp27 in promoting lipid storage and LD fusion and growth.Next,we generated Cidea and Fsp27 double-deficient mice and observed that these animals had drastically reduced adipose tissue mass and a strong lean phenotype.In addition,Cidea/Fsp27 double-deficient mice had improved insulin sensitivity and were intolerant to cold.Furthermore,we observed that the brown and white adipose tissues of Cidea/Fsp27double-deficient mice had significantly reduced lipid storage and contained smaller LDs compared to those of Cidea or Fsp27single deficient mice.Overall,these data reveal an important role of Cidea in controlling lipid droplet fusion,lipid storage in brown and white adipose tissue,and the development of obesity.展开更多
MicroRNAs play important roles in the devel- opment and progression of various cancers, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). miR-29b and miR-195 have been reported to be tumor suppressors in TSCC. Here, ...MicroRNAs play important roles in the devel- opment and progression of various cancers, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). miR-29b and miR-195 have been reported to be tumor suppressors in TSCC. Here, we investigated the expression of miR-29b and miR- 195 and their relationship in TSCC. Our data showed that miR-29b and miR-195 were significantly downregulated in TSCC com- pared with their matched nonmalignant tissues in 60 paired samples. The level of miR-29b was positively correlated with that of miR-195 in TSCC and the matched nonmalignant tissues. Moreover, miR-29b overexpression induced the demethylation of CpG islands upstream of miR-195 via targeting DNMT3B, leading to the upregulation of miR-195 in TSCC cell lines. Following DNMT3B silencing, the expression of miR-195 was increased and the methylation of CpG islands upstream of miR-195 was reduced. Although overexpression of miR-29b alone significantly increased miR- 195 expression, co-transfection of miR-29b with DNMT3B resulted in no change in miR-195 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-29b could upregulate miR- 195 by directly targeting DNMT3B in TSCC. The interaction between miR-29b and miR-195 might provide new insights in developing novel therapeutic approaches of TSCC.展开更多
Multi-agent system (MAS) can provide flexible and intelligent control for micro-grid (MG). In this paper, a new power coordination method of MAS is presented for MG. New way for dispatching controllable generations (...Multi-agent system (MAS) can provide flexible and intelligent control for micro-grid (MG). In this paper, a new power coordination method of MAS is presented for MG. New way for dispatching controllable generations (CGs) and direct cooperation between storages and CGs are designed. Real-time emulations of the coordination, including the usage of both CGs and storages, have been carried out in islanded situation basing on this method, and much higher performance than conventional method is found.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying (GE) in older patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: One hundred and forty seven patients with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 140 had been hospitalised, mean age 62.3 ± 8.0 years, HbA1c 9.1% ± 1.9%, treated with either oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were studied. GE of a solid meal (scintigraphy), autonomic nerve function, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, acute and chronic glycemic control were evaluated. Gastric emptying results were compared to a control range of hospitalised patients who did not have diabetes. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was delayed (T50 > 85 min) in 17.7% patients. Mean gastric emptying was slower in females (T50 72.1 ± 72.1 min vs 56.9 ± 68.1 min, P = 0.02) and in those reporting nausea (112.3 ± 67.3 vs 62.7 ± 70.0 min, P < 0.01) and early satiety (114.0 ± 135.2 vs 61.1 ± 62.6 min, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between GE with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, neuropathy, current glycemia or the total score for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Prolonged GE occurs in about 20% of hospitalised elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes when compared to hospitalised patients who do not have diabetes. Female gender, nausea and early satiety areassociated with higher probability of delayed GE.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Marine Fisheries Technology (No. A 201701B09)Fund of Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China (No. FREU2017-01)+4 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 2017A 030 313147)Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS (Nos. 2016TS07, 2017YB12)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment (No. LFE2016-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31502183, 31702352)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project (No. JCYJ201704 12110605075)
文摘A 56-day feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum(CB) on intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, intestine short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) content and body composition of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Shrimp s were randomly allocated into 9 tanks, 30 each, and f ed with diets containing different levels of C. butyricum(1×10~9 cfug^(-1)): 0 mgg^(-1) feed(Control), 100 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-100), 200 mgg^(-1) feed(CB-200), while each level was triplicated. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the intestine pepsin(Pep) activity and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) concentration of two C. butyricum group s were both increased. Amylase(AM Y) and lipase(LPS) activities wer e only induced in CB-200 group. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(A ST) activities of two C. butyricum group s showed no significant change. The α-amylase(AM Y) gene expression was induced in CB-200 group, and tryp sin gene expression of two C. butyricum treated group s were both induced. Intestine SCFA content and body composition analysis showed that the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid and the crude protein of two C. butyricum group s were all higher than those of control. These results revealed that C. butyricum can modulate intestine digestive and metabolic capacities, improve intestine SCFA content and body crude protein content in M. japonicus.
基金funded by NSFC grant(No.49976015)grant of State Key Laboratory ot Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,CAS(No.SKLLQG0203).
文摘The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.
基金Supported by a grant from the Educational Department of Liaoning Province (99022067).
文摘Objective To construct a single plasmid vector mediating doxycycline-inducible recombined human insulin gene expr-ession in myotube cell line. Methods An expression cassette of rtTAnls driven by promoter of human cytomegalovirus and a furin-cuttable recom-bined human insulin expression cassette driven by a reverse poly-tetO DNA motif were cloned into a single plasmid vector (prTR-tetO-mINS). The prTR-tetO-mINS and pLNCX were co-transfected into a myotube cell line (C2C12) and pLNCX vector were used as a control. After selection with G418, the transfected cells were induced with doxycycline at concentra-tions of 0, 2, and 10 μg/mL. RT-PCR was used to determine expression levels of recombinant insulin mRNA at the 5th day. Insulin production in cell cultures medium (at different incubation time) and cell extracts (at the 7th day) were analyzed with human pro/insulin RIA kits. Results Immune reactive insulin (IRI) level in cell medium was found increased at 24 hours of doxycycline incubation, and still increased at the 5th day. After withdrawn of doxycycline, IRI decreased sharply and was at baseline three days later. IRI and human insulin mRNA levels were positively related to different levels of doxycycline. A 25-fold increase in IRI was found against background expression at the 7th day. Conclusion Human insulin expression can be successfully regulated by doxycycline and the background was very low. This single tet-on insulin expression system may provide a new approach to a controlled insulin gene therapy in skeletal muscle.
基金Supported by the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.200905025)
文摘A new in-situ seabed acoustic measurement system is developed for direct in-situ measurement of sediment geoacoustic properties (compressional wave velocity and attenuation). The new in-situ system consists of two parts: the deck control unit and the underwater measurement unit. The underwater measurement unit emits sonic waves that propagate through the seafloor sediment, receives the returning signals, and transmits them to the deck control unit for waveform display and analysis. The entire operation is controlled and monitored in real time by the deck control unit on the research vessel and can provide recording of full waveforms to determine the sound velocity and attenuation. This paper outlines the design of the system, the measurement process, and demonstrates its application in tests carded out on seabed sediment off the Qingdao coast, China. The test results show that the system performed well and rapidly provided accurate in-situ acoustic velocity and attenuation estimates of the seafloor sediment.
文摘Global DNA hypomethylation at CpG islands coupled with local hypermethylation is a hallmark for breast cancer, yet the mechanism underlying this change remains elusive. In this study, we showed that DNMT1, which encodes a methylation maintenance enzyme, is a transcriptional target of BRCA1. BRCA1 binds to the promoter of the DNMT1 gene through a potential OCT1 site and the binding is required for maintaining a transcriptional active configuration of the promoter in both mouse and human cells. We further demonstrated that impaired function of BRCA1 leads to global DNA hypomethylation, loss of genomic imprinting, and an open chromatin configuration in several types of tissues examined in a BRCA1 mutant mouse model at premaligant stages. BRCA1 deficiency is also associated with significantly increased expression levels of several protooncogenes, including c-Fos, Ha-Ras, and c-Myc, with a higher expression in tumors, while premalignant mammary epithelial cells displayed an intermediate state between tumors and controls. In human clinical samples, reduced expression of BRCA1 correlates with decreased levels of DNMT1, and reduced methylation of CpG islands. Thus, BRCA1 prevents global DNA hypomethylation through positively regulating DNMT1 expression, and this provides one of mechanisms for BRCAl-associated breast cancer formation.
文摘The experimental results by the simulated PV (photovoltaic) system for understanding the cause of disconnection when instantaneous voltage sag occurs are reported in this study. Moreover, it is understood that the PCS with the voltage phase jump detection method which is one of the main causes of the disconnection. We modeled it in the simulation. When fault occurs, even though the residual voltage is more than 20% and the voltage sag time is within 1.0 s, the PCS disconnected by the voltage phase jump detection was confirmed in the simulation results. Ifa large number of PV systems are interconnected in the power system, this study is verified through the simulation that the interaction caused by the disconnection which generated by the voltage phase jump detection. This study is proposed threshold limit value of islanding detection. The validity of proposed method was verified through the simulation in this study.
文摘In many developing countries, there are regions where the electrical grid is weak or nonexistent. However, in these areas, large amounts of distributed energy sources, such as hydro, are often available and could be suitably exploited. To this aim, the low head hydro power plants can play a significant role. In fact, recent technological advances in mini-hydro turbines and decreasing costs of static electricity conversion devices enable to realize suitable power plants for an efficient and profitable exploitation of these sites. One of the major challenges is the integration of the above-mentioned power plants into autonomous electrical systems, islanded and/or disconnectable from the main distribution network. In this paper, an innovative control strategy for a low head hydro power plant supplying users in small clusters of villages is proposed.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program(2013CB530602 and 2011CB910801 to Li Peng)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30925017,31030038 and 90913024)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M520249 and 2013T60103 to Zhou LinKang)
文摘Excess lipid storage in adipose tissue results in the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders including diabetes,fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases.The lipid droplet(LD)is an important subcellular organelle responsible for lipid storage.We previously observed that Fsp27,a member of the CIDE family proteins,is localized to LD-contact sites and promotes atypical LD fusion and growth.Cidea,a close homolog of Fsp27,is expressed at high levels in brown adipose tissue.However,the exact role of Cidea in promoting LD fusion and lipid storage in adipose tissue remains unknown.Here,we expressed Cidea in Fsp27-knockdown adipocytes and observed that Cidea has similar activity to Fsp27 in promoting lipid storage and LD fusion and growth.Next,we generated Cidea and Fsp27 double-deficient mice and observed that these animals had drastically reduced adipose tissue mass and a strong lean phenotype.In addition,Cidea/Fsp27 double-deficient mice had improved insulin sensitivity and were intolerant to cold.Furthermore,we observed that the brown and white adipose tissues of Cidea/Fsp27double-deficient mice had significantly reduced lipid storage and contained smaller LDs compared to those of Cidea or Fsp27single deficient mice.Overall,these data reveal an important role of Cidea in controlling lipid droplet fusion,lipid storage in brown and white adipose tissue,and the development of obesity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402235)Foundation of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (PKUSS20140104)
文摘MicroRNAs play important roles in the devel- opment and progression of various cancers, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). miR-29b and miR-195 have been reported to be tumor suppressors in TSCC. Here, we investigated the expression of miR-29b and miR- 195 and their relationship in TSCC. Our data showed that miR-29b and miR-195 were significantly downregulated in TSCC com- pared with their matched nonmalignant tissues in 60 paired samples. The level of miR-29b was positively correlated with that of miR-195 in TSCC and the matched nonmalignant tissues. Moreover, miR-29b overexpression induced the demethylation of CpG islands upstream of miR-195 via targeting DNMT3B, leading to the upregulation of miR-195 in TSCC cell lines. Following DNMT3B silencing, the expression of miR-195 was increased and the methylation of CpG islands upstream of miR-195 was reduced. Although overexpression of miR-29b alone significantly increased miR- 195 expression, co-transfection of miR-29b with DNMT3B resulted in no change in miR-195 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-29b could upregulate miR- 195 by directly targeting DNMT3B in TSCC. The interaction between miR-29b and miR-195 might provide new insights in developing novel therapeutic approaches of TSCC.
文摘Multi-agent system (MAS) can provide flexible and intelligent control for micro-grid (MG). In this paper, a new power coordination method of MAS is presented for MG. New way for dispatching controllable generations (CGs) and direct cooperation between storages and CGs are designed. Real-time emulations of the coordination, including the usage of both CGs and storages, have been carried out in islanded situation basing on this method, and much higher performance than conventional method is found.