迪庆州德钦县霞若乡传统民居分析

霞若傈僳族乡位于云南迪庆州德钦县境内的东南部,地处国家级白马雪山保护区内,其主体民族为傈僳族和藏族。由于霞若乡地理位置的特殊性,使其孕育出了富有地区性特色的民居形式"土墙板屋"以及傈僳族普遍居住的"木楞房"。通过对"同一地区不同民族聚居地的民居形制"的研究与分析,讨论导致民居形式多样化和影响其发展的控制性因子,从而总结出该地区的民居特征,为有效地传承与保护云南少数民族建筑的多样性提供理论参考。

DETERMINATION OF PRESSURIZING CURVE AND COMPUTER CONTROL OF THICKNESS THINNING FOR SUPERPLASTIC BULGING

This paper proposes the assumption that the flow with viscous friction is the stretch of part of the sheet that lies along the walls of a die during the process of superplastic bulging according to superplastic flow equation and geometrical model of bulging of a sheet into a long trapezoid groove or truncated cone, by introducing the friction-factor P which describes the friction effect on the process. Also, the paper proposes the method of controlling thickness nonuniformity and develops the equipment which for uniform thickness of bulging, is automatically controlled with a computerl it also analyzes the important innuence of lubrication on thickness distribution of bulging materials. By the assumption, the relationship between bulging pressure and time is obtained in bulging of a sheet into the groove and cone, and p-t curve of multi-mould-cavity complicated bulging is discussed based on the analysis of single-mould-cavity bulging characteristics.

Best Tracking Performance under Plant Uncertainty and Control Energy Constraint

This paper has investigated best tracking performance for linear feedback control systems in the case that plant uncertainty and control effort need to be considered simultaneously. Firstly, an average integral square criterion of the tracking error and the plant input energy over a class of additive model errors is defined. Then, utilizing spectral factorization to minimize the performance index, we obtain an optimal controller design method, and furthermore study optimal tracking performance under plant uncertainty and control energy constraint. The results can be used to evaluate optimal average tracking performance and control energy in designing practical control systems.

Stochastic Differential Game Model for Decentralized Power Control with Wisdom Regulation Factor in Wearable Audio-Oriented BodyNets

In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets （WA-BodyNets）, stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmitted power control inconsumer electronic devices. First, astochastic differential game model is proposed for non-cooperative decentralized uplink power control with a wisdom regulation factor over WA-BodyNets with a onehop star topology.This model aims to minimize the cost associated with the novel payoff function of a player, for which two cost functions are defined： functions of inherent power radiation and accumulated power radiation darmge. Second, the feedback Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed model and the constraint of the Quality of Service （QoS） requirement of the player based on the SIR threshold are derived by solving the Fleming-Bellman-Isaacs partial differential equations. Furthermore, the Markov property of the optimal feedback strategies in this model is verified.The simulation results show that the proposed game model is effective and feasible for controlling the transmitted power of WA-BodyNets.

Investigation of the controlled factors influencing carbon isotope composition of foxtail and common millet on the Chinese Loess Plateau

To apply carbon isotope composition （δ13C） analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant δ13C （δ13Cp） to the environment, which is based on the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, must be thoroughly understood. Foxtail millet （Setaria italic） and common millet （Panicum miliaceum）, as C4 plants, are representative crops of the rain-fed agriculture present in northern China. Fossil millets are ideal for paleoclimatic studies because of the ease of acquisition and identification to the species level. Modem seeds of foxtail and common millet collected from different habitats of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and their carbon isotope compositions, were an- alyzed and correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation, water availability, and relative humidity. The results showed that the δ13C of foxtail millet had a significantly negative correlation with latitude （R=-0.46）, which may indicate the influence of light. The effect of light on the δ13C of foxtail millet accounted for only 21% of variability, while other climatic factors did not exert significant influences. Thus, the δ13C of foxtail millet was not suitable for extracting climatic information. The δ13C of common millet was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during the growing period （R=0.75）, explaining 56% of variability. The functional mechanisms analyzed, using the plants＇ physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, indicated that common millet can adapt to environmental changes because of stomatal sensitivity and some non-stomatal factors. Therefore, the 813C of common millet can record precipitation during growth and is a promising factor for paleoclimatic reconstruction.

Nanoparticle mediated controlled delivery of dual growth factors

Peripheral nerve functional recovery after nerve injury generally requires multiple growth factors by synergistic effect.However,the optical combination of multiple synergistic growth factors for axonal regeneration has been scarcely considered up to now.Meanwhile,the use of growth factors in promoting nerve regeneration was limited by its short biological half-life in vivo,its vulnerability to structure disruption or hydrolyzation,leading to loss of bioactivity.Herein,a novel polymeric nanoparticle delivery system composed of heparin andε-poly-L-lysine(PL)was prepared for control release of nerve growth factor(NGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF).The nanoparticles were synthesized by polyelectrolyte complexation in aqueous solution at room temperature,followed by cross-linking with biological genipin.The obtained nanoparticles had a spherical shape,with a mean diameter of about 246 nm,and high growth factors encapsulation efficiency as well as good stability.NGF and bFGF were encapsulated in the nanoparticles and showed a continuous and slow release behavior in vitro.The bioactivities of the released growth factors were evaluated,and exhibited the synergistic effect.The controlled release of the dual synergistic growth factors would improve the treatment of peripheral nerve injury to mimic the natural cellular microenvironments.

Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade.Current treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum benefit.Immunotherapy,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient CRC.This has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with CRC.This article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.