利用观察穿孔岩(矿)粉圈定矿体的实践

矿山地质工作是一项实践性、综合性、技术性很强的工作。南芬铁矿地测部门在多年的生产实践中 ,根据其矿床成因和成矿规律 ,总结出一套成功的日常生产地质工作管理方法 ,其中 ,利用穿孔岩 (矿 )粉控制矿体的方法 ,经多年实践证明 ,简洁实用、准确可靠 ,经济合理、技术可行 。

敖包吐铅锌银多金属矿地质特征及成矿规律

1矿区地质特征1.1地层矿区出露中侏罗统新民组,初步将其划分为二个岩性段:下段为灰白色流纹质晶屑凝灰岩、流纹岩,夹有少量的灰色、灰紫色凝灰质细砂岩、沉凝灰岩。

内蒙古大井铜多金属矿床脉岩特征及其对成矿的影响

内蒙古林西县大井铜多金属矿是大兴安岭地区的重要矿床,成矿元素为铜锡银铅锌.矿区内浅成-超浅成脉岩较多,但未见到大岩体.根据脉岩与矿体的相互关系分析,大井矿床的矿化晚于脉岩的形成.大井矿区的脉岩对矿体具有双重控制作用,脉岩既为矿体就位开辟通道,又阻碍了矿体的延伸.可靠的脉岩年龄数据有6个,分别为162±1Ma、164±1Ma、171±1Ma、239±1Ma、240±1Ma和254±1Ma,表明在矿区内经历了多期岩浆活动,至少包括了印支期、燕山期等两期活动.岩浆活动反映了鄂霍茨克造山运动和华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞缝合的构造背景.

Investigation on the threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity for the extraction of complicated orebody under railway

The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of displacement and velocity of mass point,differential evolution is put forward based on 3DEC dynamic analysis,making the calculation more efficient and accurate.The 3DEC model of the complicated orebody under railway is established according to the topographic maps and geological data of the eastern Pyrite Mine.The stimulus-response distribution of internal stress and displacement fields are demonstrated by analyzing the on-site monitoring vibration displacement and velocity data of the mass point.The reliability of parameter selection,such as blasting simulation waveforms,rock damping,is identified.The safety vibration velocity of railway is set to 4.5 cm/s in line with the requirement of safety blasting rules.Thus,the maximum amount of single-stage explosive in this region is 44.978 kg.The simulation result is in good agreement with the on-site monitoring datum.No displacement and settlement of the 701 railway special line was achieved by choosing the critical amount of the single-stage explosive.

Study on comprehensive gas control techniques and practice in coal mines

The origins and main control methods of gas in coal seams were introduced cursorily, and the processes that need to be done in controlling gas, which includes prediction of gas emissions, drainage systems, the means of prevention of gas outbursts, and some suggestions were put forward. The characteristic of different gas emissions and the corresponding counter measures were presented, and ＆ case study of simultaneous extraction of coal and gas in Xieyi Coal Mine was carried out by coal mining and gas extraction without coal-pillar. The field application shows that gas drainage ratio in panel 5121（0） averages about 90% and reaches as high as 95~/0, which will give beneficial references to gas control in coal mines.

铁矿开发利用对勘探程度要求浅析

针对目前铁矿勘探与开发多元化形势,指出了影响矿山建设的主要地质问题,并对其可能造成的影响进行分析,给出了勘探程度建议,尽可能降低矿业开发风险。

Gel fire suppressants for controlling underground heating

One of the major safety issues in coal mining is heatings and the resultant spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines. CSIRO researchers have developed a number of polymer gels suitable for controlling beatings in coal mines. These gels were developed to meet strict selection criteria including easy preparation, no or low toxicity, controllable gelation time, adaptable to mine water chemistry, adjustable viscosity, relatively long gel life, thermally and chemically stable and low cost. The HPAM-Aluminum Citrate gel system was identified to be the most favourable gel system for fire suppression in under- ground coal mines. These gels can be applied to the areas undergoing coal heating or gas leakage at a controllable gelation time and impermeable gel barriers can be formed in the areas to block ingress of air.

Analysis of microseismic activity in rock mass controlled by fault in deep metal mine

Aiming at evaluating the stability of a rock mass near a fault,a microseismic(MS) monitoring system was established in Hongtoushan copper mine.The distribution of displacement and log(/),the relationship between MS activity and the exploitation process,and the stability of the rock mass controlled by a fault were studied.The results obtained from microseismic data showed that MS events were mainly concentrated al the footwall of the fault.When the distance to the fault exceeded 20 m,the rock mass reached a relatively stable state.MS activity is closely related to the mining process.Under the strong disturbance from blasting,the initiation and propagation of cracks is much faster.MS activity belongs in the category of aftershocks after large scale excavation.The displacement and log(C/) obtained from MS events can reflect the difference in physical and mechanical behavior of different areas within the rock mass,which is useful in judging the integrity and degradation of the rock mass.

桃林铅锌矿床探采对比研究

探釆对比可以有效验证矿床原始地质勘查工作是否合理有效,通过运用桃林铅锌矿山生产过程中积累的技术资料与与原地质勘查资料进行对比分析,更深刻的认识桃林铅锌矿床地质规律,为矿山下一步勘探与生产提供指导。

Distinct element modelling of fracture plan control in continuum and jointed rock mass in presplitting method of surface mining

Controlled blasting techniques are used to control overbreak and to aid in the stability of the remaining rock formation. Presplitting is one of the most common methods which is used in many open pit mining and surface blast design. The purpose of presplitting is to form a fracture plane across which the radial cracks from the production blast cannot travel. The purpose of this study is to investigate of effect of presplitting on the generation of a smooth wall in continuum and jointed rock mass. The 2D distinct element code was used to simulate the presplitting in a rock slope. The blast load history as a function of time was applied to the inner wall of each blasthole. Important parameters that were considered in the analysis were stress tensor and fracturing pattern. The blast loading magnitude and blasthole spacing and jointing pattern were found to be very significant in the final results.

Science of empirical design in mining ground control

Many problems in rock engineering are limited by our imperfect knowledge of the material properties and failure mechanics of rock masses. Mining problems are somewhat unique, however, in that plenty of real world experience is generally available and can be turned into valuable experimental data.Every pillar that is developed, or stope that is mined, represents a full-scale test of a rock mechanics design. By harvesting these data, and then using the appropriate statistical techniques to interpret them,mining engineers have developed powerful design techniques that are widely used around the world.Successful empirical methods are readily accepted because they are simple, transparent, practical, and firmly tethered to reality. The author has been intimately associated with empirical design for his entire career, but his previous publications have described the application of individual techniques to specific problems. The focus of this paper is the process used to develop a successful empirical method. A sixstage process is described: identification of the problem, and of the end users of the final product; development of a conceptual rock mechanics model, and identification of the key parameters in that model;identification of measures for each of the key parameters, and the development of new measures(such as rating scales) where necessary; data sources and data collection; statistical analysis; and packaging of the final product. Each of these stages has its own potential rewards and pitfalls, which will be illustrated by incidents from the author's own experience. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a new and deeper appreciation for empirical techniques, as well as some guidelines and opportunities for future developers.

Control of organic–inorganic halide perovskites in solid-state solar cells: a perspective

Since the year of 2009 when the first appli- cation of organohalide lead perovskite as the light har- vester in solar cells was reported, tremendous attention has been devoted to these new types of perovskite-based solid-state solar cells and remarkable power conversion efficiency of over 20 % has been achieved to date. In this review, we first introduce the properties of organic- inorganic halide perovskites and then focus on the notable achievements made on the perovskite layer to improve the power conversion efficiency of solid-state perovskite solar cells, which is featured by process engineering of the state-of-the-art lead methylammoni- um triiodide perovskite and material control of lead triiodide perovskites and other newly emerged per- ovskites. In the end, we wish to provide an outlook of the future development in solid-state perovskite solar cells. Provided that the instability and toxicity of solid- state perovskite solar cells can be solved, we will wit- ness a new era for cost-effective and efficient solar cells.