多目标优化方法在城市污水厂汇水区污染源总量控制规划中的应用

在城市污水处理厂汇水区实行污染源总量控制,应该避免与城市污水处理厂重复治理.针对这个问题,提出难降解有机物控制的多目标准则指标,建立了多目标优化模型.

基于船舶等待时间的三峡过坝船舶运力分析

三峡-葛洲坝枢纽通航贯通长江干线物流,是长江航运的关键节点。三峡船闸自通航以来,交通运输部门不断开展挖潜措施,2011年三峡船闸通过量首次突破1亿吨,提前19年达到设计通过能力;2021年三峡枢纽通过量超1.5亿吨。随着过坝货物运输需求不断增加,过坝船舶数量快速增长,2017—2021年过坝船舶数量平均增长率为3.2%,船舶平均等待过坝时间上升3.4倍。截至2021年,过坝船舶运力达到3 500余艘次,三峡河段日均等待过坝船舶900余艘,过坝船舶平均等待过坝时间190小时左右,船舶长时间等待过坝成为常态,三峡河段“肠梗阻”现象明显。

山东引黄供水发展补短板与强监管策略探讨

水利部部长鄂竟平提出的“水利工程补短板、水利行业强监管”是今后一个时期水利改革发展的总基调、总思路,对于黄河下游山东引黄供水工作具有重要指导意义。黄河水资源是生态系统的控制要素,通过对山东省引黄供水水闸工程、供水监管、产业发展、信息化建设等深入调查,总结以往引黄供水发展历程及成效,分析当前引黄供水出现的新矛盾、新短板,研究提出今后一段时期要把引黄供水工作放到国家生态文明建设和经济社会发展大局中统筹谋划,推进引黄供水规范管理,持续发展。

Test and Research of Total Quantity of N and P Fertilizers for Maize

Objective] The alm was to provide scientific references for determination of optimal N and P quantities of malze. [Method] The research conducted a test in field to expIore the effects of N and P fertiIizers on malze yield. [Result] Both of N and P fertiIizers have significant effects on malze yield. When malze yield reached the highest, the quantities of N fertiIizers and P fertiIizers were 530.56 and 105.44 kg/hm2, respectiveIy. [Conclusion] Malze yield keeps growing upon N or P fertiIizers to certaln extent, and excessive quantities of N and P fertiIizer wouId reduce malze yield.

Total Amount Control Test of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize the suitable application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for winter wheat.[Method] A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat.[Result]The quadratic simulation function between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.6611x^2＋20.091 x ＋234.85,with a correlation coefficient of0.970 8,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of 228.0 kg/hm^2.The quadratic simulation function between the application of phosphate fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.572 6x^2＋13.168 x ＋340.4,with a correlation coefficient of 0.921 95,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of phosphate fertilizer of 172.5 kg/hm^2.[Conclusion] This study provides a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on winter wheat.

How Do Power Enterprises Deal with Total Quantity Control

This paper describes the relation and difference of "emission up to standards" and "total quantity control" ofmain atmospheric pollutants, as well as their legal status. It points out that the total quantity control is a good approachto solve a problem that environmental quality do not yet reach the requirements in an area where emission concentrationhas came up to standards, or to solve a problem that the interregional transportation of pollutants (e. g. acid rain) arises.And further, it put forward five proposals for the total quantity control.[

Strategic deliberation on development of low-carbon energy system in China

In recent years, there have been considerable developments in energy provision with the growing improvements in energy supply security and support systems in China. However, China's energy system continues to retain a high-carbon feature where coal dominates energy production and consumption, which has led to the rapid growth of greenhouse gas emissions and associated serious environmental pollution. It has therefore become an important task for China to consider how to promote the low-carbon development of energy system. This paper summarized the basic trends and challenges for development of low-carbon energy system in China and studied the primary energy consumption and carbon emissions in different scenarios at 10-year intervals between 2010 and 2050. The analysis showed that controlling coal consumption will have an important influence on the control of total carbon emissions and of carbon emission peaking; promotion of non-fossil fuel energies will offer a growing contribution to a low-carbon transition in the medium and long term; the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage will play a key role in realizing a deep decarbonization pathway, particularly after 2030; and the establishment of a low-carbon power system is crucial for the achievement of low-carbon energy transition. Finally, the strategic considerations and policy suggestions on the development of low-carbon energy systems in China are explored.

China's Total Emission Control Policy:a Critical Review

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections: a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.

Comparison of heart rate monitoring with indirect calorimetry for energy expenditure evaluation

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare established methods with newly-developed methods for estimating the total energy expenditure(TEE). Methods:The study subjects comprised 46 individuals,including 16 middle-aged men(mean age 51.4 years),14 middle-aged women(mean age 49.9 years) and 16 young women(mean age 19.1 years).The TEE was estimated from 24-h heart rate(HR) data using newly-developed software (MoveSense HRAnalyzer 201 la,RC1.Suunto Oy,Vantaa,Finland),and was compared against the TEE determined using doubly labeled water (DLW).Agreement between the two methods was analyzed using Bland and Altman plots. Results:The HR method yielded similar TEE values as the DLW method at the group level,with an average of 8.6 kcal/day in the difference in the mean,but with large individual variations.Forty-four(96%) out of 46 subjects fell within±2SD of the mean difference in TEE comparisons, and there was no tendency towards under- or over-estimation. Conclusion:Our results indicate that the current software using HR analysis for the estimation of daily TEE needs further development for use with free-living individuals.

Theory and Practice of Water Pollution Prevention and Control for Inflowing Rivers in Taihu Valley

The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake is of great importance to the improvement of water environment in the valley and the eutrophication status in th lake. Firstly, the basic ideas, key taches and main methods for water pollution control of inflow rivers of Taihu Lake was put forward in this article, Basic on these theories, the pollutant source status in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflow rivers was analysized, the countermeasures of pollution control and main regulation projects were introduced, and the total abatement of pollutants was predicted. With the implement of regulation projects, the number of rivers with water quality worse than Grade V among the 15 major inflow rivers had come from 9 to 3, and the eutrophication status of Taihu Lake had changed from medium level to light level. The overall treatment of the major inflow rivers of the Taihu Lake had achieved initial success.

Study on carbon intensity trading market based on carbon finance mechanism

As the largest developing country in the world, China has not be involved in the obligation of emissions reduction in the （〈Kyoto Protocol）） . But it has become the largest CO2 emissions countries in the world. This makes China confronted with more pressure of carbon emissions reduction in the post-Kyoto era, and face great challenges in response to climate change issues. On one hand, China＇ s economic growth stage has decided that the situation of more energy consumption and increased carbon emissions is diffficult to reverse in the short term; On the other hand, the traditional policy under the control of total amount of carbon emission has largely restricted economic development. If a developing country in economic transition is carried out compulsory absolute amount of carbon reduction policies, its economic activity and social consumption will be imposed additional constraints inevitably, which will eventually lead to lower economic competitiveness and decline in social standards of living. Ultimately it will affect the good effects of carbon emissions reduction, so the policy can not achieve a satisfactory result. This paper introduces the financial mechanism into the carbon market model, extends the time of model from one phase to multi-phase. And this paper tries to establish a cross-time carbon credits trade system, and the current strength of the traditional carbon emission market trade model is extended. The paper designs two type of option mechanism model--call options trade carbon emissions model and put options carbon emissions model. Models＇ results show that choosing options tool to extend our traditional carbon market model can bring following impacts on carbon market development： trade costs have fallen, the carbon intensity also has descended, and has realized the flow of carbon intensity in diffident time; it enables manufacturers to effectively avoid the risk of carbon emissions trade; it increases the flexibility and maneuverability of the carbon trade market. Finally, the policy recommendations in the financial mechanisms carbon market trade are put forward.

Development of CAN-Based Distributed Control System for Variable Rate Technology in Agricultural Machinery

The number of electronic devices connected to agricultural machinery is increasing to support new agricultural practices tasks related to the Precision Agriculture such as spatial variability mapping and Variable Rate Technology （VRT）. The Distributed Control System （DCS） is a suitable solution for decentralization of the data acquisition system and the Controller Area Network （CAN） is the major trend among the embedded communications protocols for agricultural machinery and vehicles. The application of soil correctives is a typical problem in Brazil. The efficiency of this correction process is highly dependent of the inputs way at soil and the occurrence of errors affects directly the agricultural yield. To handle this problem, this paper presents the development of a CAN-based distributed control system for a VRT system of soil corrective in agricultural machinery. The VRT system is composed by a tractor-implement that applies a desired rate of inputs according to the georeferenced prescription map of the farm field to support PA （Precision Agriculture）. The performance evaluation of the CAN-based VRT system was done by experimental tests and analyzing the CAN messages transmitted in the operation of the entire system. The results of the control error according to the necessity of agricultural application allow conclude that the developed VRT system is suitable for the agricultural productions reaching an acceptable response time and application error. The CAN-Based DCS solution applied in the VRT system reduced the complexity of the control system, easing the installation and maintenance. The use of VRT system allowed applying only the required inputs, increasing the efficiency operation and minimizing the environmental impact.

Inheritance of Boron Efficiency in Oilseed Rape

Field experiments were conducted to study the inheritance of boron efficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by evaluating the boron (B) efficiency coefficient (BEC, the ratio of the seed yield at below the critical boron level to that at the boron-sufficient level) with 657 F2:3 lines of a population derived from a cross between a B-efficient cultivar, Qingyou 10, and a B-inefficient cultivar, Bakow. Qingyou 10 had high BEC as well as high seed yield at low available soil B. On the contrary, Bakow produced low seed yield at low B status. Boron deficiency decreased the seed yield of the F2:3 lines to different extents and the distribution of BEC of the population showed a bimodal pattern. When the 657 F2:3 lines were grouped into B-efficient lines and B-inefficient lines according to their BEC, the ratio of B-efficient lines to B-inefficient lines fitted the expected ratio (3:1), indicating that one major gene controlled the B-efficiency trait. 127 F2:3 lines selected from the population at random, with distribution of BEC similar to that of the overall population, were used to identify the target region for fine mapping of the boron efficiency gene.

国务院关于促进稀土行业持续健康发展的若干意见

国发[2011]12号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:稀土是不可再生的重要战略资源,在新能源、新材料、节能环保、航空航天、电子信息等领域的应用日益广泛。有效保护和合理利用稀土资源,对于保护环境,加快培育发展战略性新兴产业,改造提升传统产业。

济南市人民政府关于印发济南市创建国家环境保护模范城市工作方案的通知

济政字[2013]76号各县(市)、区人民政府,市政府各部门:现将《济南市创建国家环境保护模范城市工作方案》印发给你们,请结合实际,认真组织实施。2013年11月8日济南市创建国家环境保护模范城市工作方案为深入推进"五城联创",促进经济、社会与环境协调发展,实现创建国家环境保护模范城市(以下简称创模)目标,根据国家环境保护模范城市创建考核有关规定,结合我市实际,制定本方案。

关于本市2006年环境保护工作情况的书面报告

上海市人民代表大会常务委员会:2006年是"十一五"规划和第三轮环保三年行动计划的起步之年,在市人大的关心支持下,本市认真贯彻中央和市委精神,按照"聚焦、落实、突破"的工作主基调和开好局、起好步的总体要求,以增强城市国际竞争力为主线,以贯彻《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》和全国第六次环保大会精神为契机。

国务院关于促进稀土行业持续健康发展的若干意见

国发[2011]12号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:稀土是不可再生的重要战略资源,在新能源、新材料、节能环保、航空航天、电子信息等领域的应用日益广泛。有效保护和合理利用稀土资源,对于保护环境,加快培育发展战略性新兴产业,改造提升传统产业,促进稀土行业持续健康发展。

Comprehensive predictive control of neutral-point voltage balancing for back-to-back three-level NPC converters

A comprehensive predictive strategy was proposed for the neutral-point balancing control of back-to-back three-level converters. The phase currents at both sides and the DC-link capacitor voltages were measured for the prediction of the neutral-point current. A quality function was found to balance the neutral-point, and a metabolic on-times distribution factor was used as a predicator to minimize the quality function at each switching state. Simulation results show that the proposed method produces smaller ripples in tested signals compared with the established one, namely, 9.15% less in a total harmonic distortion(THD) of line-to-line voltage, 1.08% less in the THD of phase current, and 0.9 V less in the ripple of the neutral-point voltage. The obtained experimental results show that the main harmonics of the line-to-line voltage and the phase current in the proposed method are improved by 10 d B and 6 d B, respectively, and the ripple of neutral-point voltage is halved compared to the established one.

上海市大气污染防治条例

上海市人民代表大会常务委员会公告第十五号《上海市大气污染防治条例》已由上海市第十四届人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议于2014年7月25日修订通过,现予公布,自2014年10月1日起施行。

环保部部长周生贤:北京治理PM2.5重在控制汽车尾气

3月7日上午,国家环保部部长周生贤列席全国人大北京团全团会议,就PM2.5治理问题作了发言,回应了代表和人民群众的关切。环境保护是最大的民生周生贤说,社会上说现在是进入了"3P"时代:GDP、CPI、PM2.5。有老百姓问,PM2.5是大了好还是小了好?不管这种提法对不对。