氧化-控pH中和法处理南丹县吉朗铟业有限公司锌冶炼高酸含砷废水

针对石灰中和法处理南丹县吉朗铟业有限公司锌冶炼过程中高酸含砷废水,存在污泥量大、污泥处理困难、有价金属流失严重、成本高等缺点,研究采用氧化-控pH中和法处理锌冶炼过程中高酸含砷废水技术。多次试验表明,该工艺简单,技术成熟可靠,具有较好的推广应用的条件。

pH可控改性聚乙烯胺自组装膜的制备

采用水溶性N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)为耦合剂制备了改性聚乙烯胺PVAm-DOPA和PVAm-PBA,并通过自组装的方式在硅板表面构建成一对高分子超薄膜,实现了PVAm-PBA和PVAm-DOPA之间基于可逆硼酸酯反应的可控自组装,并通过改变反应体系的pH值实现了硅板上自组装超薄膜表面的亲水性能调控。研究表明,PVAm-DOPA和PVAm-PBA的等电点分别为pH=10.5和pH=9.2;PVAm-DOPA和PVAm-PBA在硅板上所形成的自组装薄膜的厚度可由pH值进行控制,当pH值小于4时,薄膜厚度稳定在2nm左右,之后薄膜厚度随pH值的升高而增加并最终趋于稳定;同时,硅板上自组装薄膜表面的亲水性能也随着pH值的增大而提高。

The pH control optimization in the crop fertigation system using ANN

pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.

Nonlinear Model Algorithmic Control of a pH Neutralization Process

Control of pH neutralization processes is challenging in the chemical process industry because of their inherent strong nonlinearity. In this paper, the model algorithmic control (MAC) strategy is extended to nonlinear processes using Hammerstein model that consists of a static nonlinear polynomial function followed in series by a linear impulse response dynamic element. A new nonlinear Hammerstein MAC algorithm (named NLH-MAC) is presented in detail. The simulation control results of a pH neutralization process show that NLH-MAC gives better control performance than linear MAC and the commonly used industrial nonlinear propotional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller. Further simulation experiment demonstrates that NLH-MAC not only gives good control response, but also possesses good stability and robustness even with large modeling errors.

Treatment of Phenol-Contaminated Soil by Potassium Ferrate Based on pH Control

This study aims to optimize the treatment of phenol-contaminated soil by potassium ferrate. Variations in pH value can accurately reflect the state and reaction status of the entire treatment process. Therefore, the pH value could be an important variable for optimizing the reaction conditions and achieving the automatic control of the process. About 99.89% of phenol was removed after 10 min of the pH-contxolled reaction at a rotational speed of 40-70 r/min, with the initial phenol concentration equating to 10.0 g/kg and the total water consumption reaching 2.72 L （at a soil/water ratio of 1：0.68）. The test results could provide a basis for practical application of automatic reaction control by pH value.

Effects of pH management during deep hypothermic bypass on cerebral oxygenation： alpha-stat versus pH-stat

Objective: There is a remarkable lack of scientific evidence to support the option to use alpha-stat or pH-stat management, as to which is more beneficial to brain protection during deep hypothermic CPB. This study examined cortical blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygenation, and brain oxygen consumption in relation to deep hypothermic CPB with alpha-stat or pH-stat management. Methods: Twenty-two pigs were cooled with alpha-stat or pH-stat during CPB to 15℃ esophageal temperature. CBF and cerebral oxygenation were measured continuously with a laser flowmeter and near-infrared spec-troscopy, respectively. Brain oxygen consumption was measured with standard laboratory techniques. Results: During CPB cooling, CBF was significantly decreased, about 52,2%±6.3% (P<0.01 vs 92.6%±6.5% of pH-stat) at 15℃ in alpha-stat, whereas there were no significant changes in CBF in pH-stat. While cooling down, brain oxygen extraction (OER) progressively decreased, about 9.5%±0.9% and 10.9%±1.5% at 15℃ in alpha-stat and pH-stat, respectively. At 31℃ the decreased value in pH-stat was lower than in alpha-stat (29.9%±2.7% vs 22.5%±1.9%; P<0.05). The ratio of CBF/OER were 2.0±0.3 in alpha-stat and pH-stat, respectively; it was kept in constant level in alpha-stat, and significantly increased by 19 ℃ to 15℃ in pH-stat (4.9±0.9 vs 2.3±0.4; P<0.01). In mild hypothermia, cerebral oxyhemoglobin and oxygen saturation in alpha-stat were greater than that in pH-stat (102.5%±1.4% vs 99.1%±0.7%; P<0.05). In deep hypothermia, brain oxygen saturation in pH-stat was greater than that in alpha-stat (99.2%±1.0% vs 93.8%±1.0%; P<0.01), and deoxyhemoglobin in pH-stat decreased more greatly than that in alpha-stat (28.7%±6.8% vs 54.1%±4.7%; P<0.05). Conclusions: In mild hypothermic CPB, brain tissue oxygen saturation was greater in alpha-stat than in pH-stat. However, cerebral oxygenation and brain tissue oxygen saturation were better in pH-stat than in alpha-stat during profound hypothermia. PH-stat strategy provided much more oxygen to brain tissue before deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

The Effect of pH Control on Acetone-Butanol—Ethanol Fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 with Xylose and D-Glucose and D-Xylose Mixture

D-Glucose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-xylose, and cellobiose are saccharification products of lignocellulose and important carbon sources for industrial fermentation. The fermentation efficiency with each of the five sugars and the mixture of the two most dominant sugars, D-glucose and D-xylose, was evaluated for acetone- butanol-ethanol （ABE） fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. The utilization efficacy of the five reducing sugars was in the order of D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, o-xylose and cellobiose, o-Xylose, the second most abundant component in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, was used in the fermentation either as sole carbon source or mixed with glucose. The results indicated that maintaining pH at 4.8, the optimal pH value for solventogenesis, could increase D-xylose consumption when it was the sole carbon source. Different media con- taining D-glucose and D-xylose at different ratios （1：2, 1：5, 1.5：1, 2：1 ） were then attempted for the ABE fermenta- tion. When pH was at 4.8 and xylose concentration was five times that of glucose, a 256.9% increase in xylose utilization and 263.7% increase in solvent production were obtained compared to those without pH control. These results demonstrate a possible approach combining optimized pH control and D-glucose and D-xylose ratio to increase the fermentation efficiency of lignocellulosic hydrolysate.

pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles employed in controlled drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

In the fight against cancer, controlled drug delivery systems have emerged to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） with a functional surface possess obvious advantages and were thus rapidly developed for cancer treatment. Many stimuli-responsive materials, such as nanopartides, polymers, and inorganic materials, have been applied as caps and gatekeepers to control drug release from MSNs. This review presents an overview of the recent progress in the production of pH-responsive MSNs based on the pH gradient between normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment. Four main categories of gatekeepers can respond to acidic conditions. These categories will be described in detail.

Investigation on the Key Factors and the Solution for pH Value Decrease in Carbon Filter in O3-BAC Process＊

An investigation was carried out to eliminate the decrease of effluent pH value in carbon filter in O3-biological activated carbon process. The influence factors were examined in a pilot test, and pH was adjusted in the pilot and waterworks. Results show that the carbon filter is an acid-base buffer system and the activated carbon is the key factor. Chemical functional groups on activated carbon surface present acid-base properties to buffer the water but decrease with time, so that effluent pH value decreases. The effects of ozone dosage, CO2 in the carbon filter, and the filter influent quality are negligible. A new method to adjust pH is developed: the activated carbon is first modified by soaking in sodium hydroxide solution to make its pH reach the desired value, and then the pH value of inflow is controlled to certain value by dosing lime in sand filter influent. The method is economical and effective.

Adaptive predictive functional control based on Takagi-Sugeno model and its application to pH process

In order to obtain accurate prediction model and compensate for the influence of model mismatch on the control performance of the system and avoid solving nonlinear programming problem,an adaptive fuzzy predictive functional control(AFPFC) scheme for multivariable nonlinear systems was proposed.Firstly,multivariable nonlinear systems were described based on Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy models;assuming that the antecedent parameters of T-S models were kept,the consequent parameters were identified on-line by using the weighted recursive least square(WRLS) method.Secondly,the identified T-S models were linearized to be time-varying state space model at each sampling instant.Finally,by using linear predictive control technique the analysis solution of the optimal control law of AFPFC was established.The application results for pH neutralization process show that the absolute error between the identified T-S model output and the process output is smaller than 0.015;the tracking ability of the proposed AFPFC is superior to that of non-AFPFC(NAFPFC) for pH process without disturbances,the overshoot of the effluent pH value of AFPFC with disturbances is decreased by 50% compared with that of NAFPFC;when the process parameters of AFPFC vary with time the integrated absolute error(IAE) performance index still retains to be less than 200 compared with that of NAFPFC.

Application of pH control to a tubular flow reactor

Tubular flow reactors are mainly used in chemical industry and waste water discharged units. Control of output variables is very difficult because of the existence of high dead-time in these types of reactors. In the present work, sodium hydroxide and acetic acid solutions were sent to the tubular flow reactor. The aim was to control p H at 7 in the nonlinear region. The p H control of a tubular flow reactor with high time delay and a highly nonlinear behavior in p H neutralization reaction was investigated experimentally in the face of the various load and set point changes. Firstly, efficiency of conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID) algorithm in the experiments was tested. Then self-tuning PID(STPID) control system was applied by using the ARMAX model. The model parameters were calculated from input–output data by using PRBS signal as disturbance and Bierman algorithm. Lastly, the experimental fuzzy control of p H based on fuzzy model was achieved to compare the success of fuzzy approach with the performance of other control cases studied.

Identification and Physiological Properties of Bifidobacterium Strains Isolated from Different Origin

Bifidobacteria play an important role in maintaining human health, and suppress harmful bacteria by controlling the pH of the large intestine. About 14 strains of the Bifidobacteria have been isolated from the faeces of infants nursed exclusively from the maternal milk （their ages less than 5 months） from commercial French yoghurt （active bifidus] and from milk （celia bifidus） on MRS medium （containing 0.05% cysteine-HC1, with nalidixic acid 2 mg rel）. A total of six strain are strict anaerobic and gram-positive Bifidobacteria, identified as, B. longum （60% of the samples） was the most frequently found species, followed by B. bifidum （21.0%）, B. breve （19%）. These strains were evaluated for potential use as probiotics based on their adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells, resistance towards acidic （resistance to low pH） and bile conditions, pH values ranging from 6.5 to 7, however, these strains are sensitive to the pH 8, Bifidobacterium are mesophiles with optimal growth at 36℃ to 41℃. All isolates studied have a fast growth in glucose.

A Two-stage pH and Temperature Control with Substrate Feeding Strategy for Production of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid by Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306

Methods to optimize the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） by Lactobacillus brevis CGMCC 1306 were investigated. Results indicated that cell growth was maximal at pH 5.0, while pH 4.5 was pref-erable to GABA formation. The optimal temperature for cell growth （35 °C） was lower than that for GABA forma-tion （40 °C）. In a two-stage pH and temperature control fermentation, cultures were maintained at pH 5.0 and 35 °C for 32 h, then adjusted to pH 4.5 and 40 °C, GABA production increased remarkably and reached 474.79 mmol·L-1 at 72 h, while it was 398.63 mmol·L-1 with one stage pH and temperature control process, in which cultivation con-ditions were constantly controlled at pH 5.0 and 35 °C. In order to avoid the inhibition of cell growth at higher L-monosodium glutamate （L-MSG） concentrations, the two-stage control fermentation with substrate feeding strat-egy was applied to GABA production, with 106.87 mmol （20 g） L-MSG supplemented into the shaking-flask at 32 h and 56 h post-inoculation separately. The GABA concentration reached 526.33 mmol·L-1 at 72 h with the fer-mentation volume increased by 38%. These results will provide primary data to realize large-scale production of GABA by L. brevis CGMCC 1306.

Pole-placement self-tuning control of nonlinear Hammerstein system and its application to pH process control

By taking advantage of the separation characteristics of nonlinear gain and dynamic sector inside a Hammerstein model, a novel pole placement self tuning control scheme for nonlinear Hammerstein system was put forward based on the linear system pole placement self tuning control algorithm. And the nonlinear Hammerstein system pole placement self tuning control(NL-PP-STC) algorithm was presented in detail. The identi fication ability of its parameter estimation algorithm of NL-PP-STC was analyzed, which was always identi fiable in closed loop. Two particular problems including the selection of poles and the on-line estimation of model parameters, which may be met in applications of NL-PP-STC to real process control, were discussed. The control simulation of a strong nonlinear p H neutralization process was carried out and good control performance was achieved.

高蛋白水解度发酵乳的制作

对奶酪成熟机理及促成熟方法进行分析后,提出了乳酸菌高密度培养和促进细胞自溶相结合的工艺设计思路,将蛋白酶活性高的粪肠球菌菌株和具有较高胞内肽酶活性及自溶度的瑞士乳杆菌菌株作为发酵剂,接种至30%(W/W)复原脱脂乳中,在16 h的发酵过程中控制pH为5.60～5.80,以提高细胞密度,随后通过控制温度、pH值等环境条件促进瑞士乳杆菌细胞的自溶,处理2 h后,12%TCA可溶性氮占总氮比例达19.71%。

N,N-二正丁基间氨基苯酚的合成工艺优化

以间氨基苯酚和氯代正丁烷为原料,水为溶剂,设计了制备N,N-二正丁基间氨基苯酚的工艺路线。优化后得到的反应条件为:n(间氨基苯酚)∶n(氯代正丁烷)∶n(碘化亚铜)=1∶2∶0.06,反应温度为105~110℃,反应压力为0.2~0.5 MPa,pH为6.5~6.8,反应时间为6.0~6.5 h,N,N-二正丁基间氨基苯酚收率达到96.7%,产品液相色谱纯度≥99%。该工艺通过缓冲溶液反应体系设计,并结合反应压力控制,实现蒸馏后N,N-二正丁基间氨基苯酚的选择性达98.5%,有效抑制了氮单烷基化和酚羟基烷基化两种副产物的生成。

有机氢载体低温高效脱氢催化剂的研究进展

有机氢化物储氢作为一种大规模、长距离、长期氢能储存和输送的储氢技术,应用潜力巨大,主要问题是常规脱氢催化剂在低温下的活性偏低和稳定性较差。在理论分析开发十氢化萘、甲基环己烷和环己烷等有机氢载体低温高效脱氢催化剂可行性的基础上,综述了国内外的研究现状。指出对传统脱氢催化剂进行改性、采用新型活性炭和覆炭γ-Al2O3载体,都可在一定程度上改善有机氢载体在低温下的脱氢效率;而反应蒸馏条件下催化剂以过热液膜状态催化,或采用pH摆动法制备孔分布集中且pH可控的γ-Al2O3作载体,则可能使有机氢载体在低温下高效脱氢,是有机氢载体高效脱氢催化剂的开发方向。

Novel two-step process to improve efficiency of bio-oxidation of Axi high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates

In order to improve the bio-oxidation efficiency of Axi refractory gold concentrate, a two-step process including a high temperature chemical oxidation and a subsequent bio-oxidation, combined with p H control during the bio-oxidation step was used. The results revealed that the optimum mode was to maintain solution p H at 1.0-1.2 during the biological oxidation stage. Under this condition, the activity of mixed culture could be sustained and the formation of jarosite could be diminished, thus the oxidation efficiency was improved. The oxidation levels of iron and sulfur were improved by 12.50% and 15.49%, and the gold recovery was increased by 21.02%. Therefore, the two-step process combined with p H control is an effective method for oxidizing the biohydrometallurgical process of Axi gold concentrate, and it will have a broad prospect of application in dealing with complex refractory gold concentrate.

基于Poly(A)/二氧化硅纳米颗粒的pH可控释放抗肿瘤药物载体

利用异喹啉类生物碱小分子化合物与腺嘌呤(A碱基)在酸性条件结合力下降的特点,以具有良好生物相容性、DNA酶切保护性以及易于生物修饰的二氧化硅纳米颗粒为载体,发展了一种基于聚A链(Poly(A))/二氧化硅纳米颗粒(Poly(A)/SiNPs)的pH可控释放抗肿瘤药物体系.在该体系中,选择了甲氧檗因(coralyne)作为药物模式分子,通过共价修饰方法在二氧化硅纳米颗粒表面修饰Poly(A),获得Poly(A)/SiNPs颗粒,通过A碱基-甲氧檗因-A碱基结合方式构建了甲氧檗因载药体系.采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、透射电子显微镜以及荧光光谱等方法对载药体系进行了表征,考察了载药体系的稳定性和在不同pH缓冲液中的释放情况,并采用激光共聚焦成像技术和MTT方法分别考察了该体系在Hela细胞内的定位以及杀伤效果.结果表明:Poly(A)被成功修饰在二氧化硅纳米颗粒上后能很好地与甲氧檗因结合,构建甲氧檗因载药体系,该体系在中性条件具有较好的稳定性,而在酸性条件下(pH<6),由于甲氧檗因与A碱基的结合力减弱而被释放出来,实现pH的控制释放.细胞成像结果显示,该载药体系能被细胞内吞并聚集于溶酶体内,通过利用溶酶体的酸性环境释放药物,实现了对肿瘤细胞的杀伤.该体系较好地实现了甲氧檗因抗肿瘤药物的装载和释放,为发展这一类抗肿瘤药物的载体提供了新方法.

Well-controlled stirring tank leaching to improve bio-oxidation efficiency of a high sulfur refractory gold concentrate

For the high sulfur refractory gold concentrate with 41.82%sulfur and 15.12 g/t gold,of which 82.11%was wrapped in sulfide,a well-controlled stirring tank leaching was carried out to improve the bio-oxidation efficiency.Results show that bio-oxidation pretreatment can greatly improve the gold recovery rate of high-sulfur refractory gold concentrate,and at the optimum pH 1.3 in this study,compared with the process without pH control,the oxidation rate of sulfur increased from 79.31%to 83.29%,while the recovery rate of gold increased from 76.54%to 83.23%;under this condition the activity of mixed culture could be sustained and the formation of jarosite could diminish.The results also displayed that for the high sulfur refractory gold concentrate,the recovery of gold is positively correlated with the oxidation rate of sulfur,and the recovery rate of gold increases with the increase of sulfur oxidation rate within a certain range.