基于生理的毒代/毒效动力学定量体外-体内外推技术

基于新途径方法(NAMs)的下一代风险评估策略和技术体系在全球范围内悄然兴起。作为NAMs的重要组成部分,定量体外-体内外推(QIVIVE)已逐渐成为化学物质毒性测试与风险评估的重要技术之一。QIVIVE的实施依赖于计算毒理学的两大模型:基于生理的毒代动力学和基于生理的毒效动力学。本文重点介绍上述两大模型的基本原理、构建流程和应用等,旨在为化学物质的健康风险评估提供高效、准确的毒性测试路径。

金属疲劳断口定量反推研究综述

回顾近几十年来疲劳断口定量反推研究方面的进展。首先阐述疲劳断口定量反推的定义和重要性;然后从宏观疲劳断口定量反推和微观疲劳断口定量反推两个方面介绍常用的方法和技术,宏观疲劳断口定量反推涉及疲劳断口源区、扩展区和瞬断区的定量反推;微观疲劳断口定量反推包括基于疲劳条带间距定量反推和基于其他诸如断口微观特征形貌的空间分布、断口表面粗糙度、断口表面(或亚表面)的微观塑性变形和残余应力等特征参量的定量反推。最后提出疲劳断口定量反推的发展方向。

地层油藏超剥尖灭线夹角定量外推方法模型研究

地层油藏是一种复杂的油藏类型,在地震描述中根据地震反射特征追踪的尖灭线与实际地层油藏的尖灭线常常存在较大的误差,因此精确落实地层超剥线的位置是地层油藏勘探成功的关键,本文通过大量的正演模型和地质统计方法,发现地层油藏超剥尖灭线的误差与地层和不整合面的夹角有关,从而提出了地层油藏超剥尖灭线夹角定量外推这种新方法,通过实际资料的应用,较好地解决了地层油藏超剥尖灭线不准的问题,取得了良好地质效果.

TC21钛合金电子束焊接件疲劳断口定量反推研究

对TC21钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳断口进行了基于宏观扩展区面积和微观疲劳条带的定量分析。结果表明:在断裂韧性大小相同的情况下,可由扩展区面积反推构件承受的应力,反推计算所得应力与实际加载疲劳应力的相对误差在10%以内;疲劳裂纹稳定扩展第二阶段的显微特征是疲劳条带,利用Paris公式反推焊接结构的原始疲劳质量,原始疲劳质量呈正态分布,实验结果对钛合金电子束焊接结构的工艺评定具有重要的工程意义。

对小地区失业统计差额比的推定

本文对韩国国内行政区域如市郡区等小地区的失业统计共同差额比进行推定的方法有联合推定量,Woolf推定量和Mantel-Haenszel推定量等。对这个推定量的可信度是通过偏差和平均平方误差的概念来进行比较的。从对京畿地区经济活动人口调查情况看,这个地区内的24个市郡单位行政自治地区的男、女失业率差额比的偏差及平均平方误差是通过本次研究提出的推定程序来推定的。这些推定数的稳定性和效率性可以通过相对偏差和相对平均误差平方根来评价。Woolf推定量或Mantel-Haenszel推定量比联合推定量更为稳定,从其效率性来看三者很相似。

航空发动机材料高温低周疲劳断口反推研究

对GFH4097材料进行了低周疲劳试验,从材料的疲劳断口发现该材料在疲劳稳定扩展区域有明显的疲劳条带出现.利用Paris公式对疲劳条带进行定量分析,得到较好的数学模型,基于材料疲劳断裂的物理意义,对应力强度因子和裂纹的形状因子进行了修正,得到了较好的描述材料断裂的物理模型,此模型对工程应用具有一定的意义.

生理动力学模型及其在健康风险评估中的应用进展和展望

基于生理的动力学(physiologically based kinetic,PBK)模型是一种用于模拟化学物质在有机体(如人类和其他动物物种)中的生物过程(吸收、分布、代谢和排泄,简称ADME)和推导体内、外剂量或靶器官剂量的工具。相较于PBK在药物研发的不同阶段的广泛应用,近几年来PBK在化学物质管理中应用的发展更为迅速。在过去十几年中,化学品安全管理领域的不同国际组织和权威机构相继发布了关于合理构建和使用PBK模型的指导文件。本文主要总结了人类/哺乳动物的PBK模型构建、化学物质健康风险评估中常用的软件和平台,以及PBK模型软件在化学物质管理中的应用和相关案例,简述了基于PBK和体外-体内外推(IVIVE)方法在下一代健康风险评估中的应用潜力,并对PBK在中国化学物质管理应用中需要解决的科学问题进行了讨论,以期为PBK在我国化学物质管理应用提供借鉴。

刨煤机工作面电液控制系统的应用研究

通过对刨煤机工作面开采方法进行分析,提出了电液控制系统应用于刨煤机工作面,以切顶支柱和刨煤机工作面为例,设计了电控系统、液压系统及刨煤机工作面电液控制系统,并在井上得到了成功实验,解决了目前刨煤机工作面存在的诸多问题,为实现井下实际应用奠定了理论基础和实践基础。

Bus mass estimation algorithm based on kinetic energy theorem

Bus mass is an important factor that affects fuel consumption and one of the key input parameters associated with automatic shift and hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） energy management strategy. A city bus mass estimation method based on kinetic energy theorem was proposed in this paper. The real-time data including vehicle speed and engine torque were collected by a remote data acquisition system. The samples in the process of being accelerated were selected to conduct vehicle mass estimation at the same bus stop with the same gear. The average estimation error is 2. 92% after the verification by actual data. Compared with the method based on recursive least squares, the algorithm based on kinetic energy theorem requires less sample length and the estimation error is smaller. Therefore, the method is more suitable for the bus mass estimation. The influences of gear, rolling resistance coefficient, wind resistance coefficient and road slope on mass estimation accuracy were analyzed.

Attenuation of wave propagation in a novel periodic structure

A novel periodic mount was presented. A theoretical model was developed to describe the dynamics of wave propagation in the novel periodic mount. The model was derived using Hamilton's energy conservation principle. The characteristics of wave propagation in unit cell were analyzed by transfer matrix formulation. Numerical examples were given to illustrate the effectiveness of the periodic mount. The experiments were carried out to identify the predications of the theoretical model. The obtained results show that the experimental results coincide with the prediction of theoretical model. No pass bands appear in the overall frequency range measured when waves propagate in the longitude direction of the periodic mount. These dramatic results demonstrate its potential as an excellent mount in attenuating and isolating vibration transmission.

Influence on the hydrodynamic performance of a variable vector propeller of different rules of pitch angle change

To design a more effective blade pitch adjustment mechanism,research was done on changes to the hydrodynamic characteristics of VVPs(Variable Vector Propeller) caused by different rules for changing pitch angle. A mathematical method for predicting the hydrodynamic characteristics of a VVP under unsteady conditions is presented based on the panel method. Mathematical models for evaluation based on potential flow theory and the Green theorem are also presented. The hydrodynamic characteristics are numerically predicted. To avoid gaps between panels,hyperboloidal quadrilateral panels were used. The pressure Kutta condition on the trailing edge of the VVP blade was satisfied by the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The influence coefficients of the panels were calculated by Morino's analytical formulations to improve numerical calculation speed,and the method developed by Yanagizawa was used to eliminate the point singularity on derivation calculus while determining the velocities on propeller surfaces. The calculation results show that it's best for the hydrodynamic characteristics of the VVP that pitch angle changes follow the sine rule.

涡扇发动机空气导管开裂故障研究

针对涡扇发动机试车中出现的空气导管开裂故障,进行了故障件断口外观形貌及断口和原材料分析。利用Pairs公式反推出的断口疲劳扩展区的应力,低于TA15钛合金拉伸强度极限15.6%;而空气导管带刀痕试样的高周疲劳强度极限,低于该合金在材料数据手册中的疲劳强度极限27.4%。故障原因主要是加工刀痕降低了构件的疲劳强度极限,在发动机试车过程中的振动和空气导管内外腔压差变化载荷作用下,导致了裂纹萌生和扩展,这也表明TA15钛合金具有缺口敏感性。

Developing a geographic Case-Based Reasoning approach

Case-Based Reasoning （CBR） is an AI approach and been applied to many areas. However, one area - geography - has not been investigated systematically and thus has been identified as the focus for this study. This paper intends to further extend current CBR to a geographic CBR （Geo-CBR）. First, the concept of Geo-CBR is proposed. Second, a representation model for geographic cases has been established based on the Tesseral model and on a further extension in spatio-temporal dimensions for geographic cases. Third, a reasoning model for Geo-CBR is developed by considering the spatio-temporat characteristics and the uncertain and limited information of geographic cases. Finally, the Geo-CBR model is applied to forecasting the production of ocean fisheries to demonstrate the applicability of the developed Geo-CBR in solving problems in the real world. According to the experimental results, Geo-CBR is an effective and easy-to-implement approach for predicting geographic cases quantitatively.

Performance of cumulant-based rank reduction estimator in presence of unexpected modeling errors

Compared with the rank reduction estimator(RARE) based on second-order statistics(called SOS-RARE), the RARE based on fourth-order cumulants(referred to as FOC-RARE) can handle more sources and restrain the negative impacts of the Gaussian colored noise. However, the unexpected modeling errors appearing in practice are known to significantly degrade the performance of the RARE. Therefore, the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation performance of the FOC-RARE is quantitatively derived. The explicit expression for direction-finding(DF) error is derived via the first-order perturbation analysis, and then the theoretical formula for the mean square error(MSE) is given. Simulation results demonstrate the validation of the theoretical analysis and reveal that the FOC-RARE is more robust to the unexpected modeling errors than the SOS-RARE.

Patterns and security technologies for co-extraction of coal and gas in deep mines without entry pillars

Retaining gob-side entryways and the stability of gas drainage boreholes are two essential techniques in the co-extraction of coal and gas without entry pillars （CECGWEP）. However, retained entryways located in deep coal mines are hard to maintain, especially for constructing boreholes in confined spaces, owing to major deformations. Consequently, it is difficult to drill boreholes and maintain their stability, which therefore cannot guarantee the effectiveness of gas drainage. This paper presents three measures for conducting CECGWEP in deep mines on the basis of effective space in retained entryways for gas drainage, They are combinations of retaining roadways and face-lagging inclined boreholes, retaining roadways and face-advancing inclined boreholes, and retaining roadways and high return airway inclined boreholes. Several essential techniques are suggested to improve the maintenance of retained entryways and the stabilization of boreholes. For the particular cases considered in this study, two field trials have verified the latter two measures from the results obtained from the faces 1111（1） and 11112（1） in the Zhuji Mine. The results indicate that these models can effectively solve the problems in deep mines. The maximum gas drainage flow for a single hole can reach 8.1 m^3/min and the effective drainage distance can be extended up to 150 m or more.

Clinical efficacy of sticking-needle acupuncture plus tendon-regulating manipulation in the treatment of acute ankle sprain

Objective To explore the treatment effect of sticking-needle acupuncture plus tendon-regulating manipulation on pain,swelling and joint dysfunction due to acute ankle sprain.Methods A total of 80 patients with acute ankle sprain were recruited and divided into a control group and a treatment group according to the random number table method,with 40 patients in each group.Both groups received the same conventional interventions.The control group was treated with additional tendon-regulating manipulation,and the treatment group was treated with tendon-regulating manipulation plus sticking-needle acupuncture.The pain,swelling and joint dysfunction of the ankle were observed in both groups before and after 3 d,7 d and 14 d of treatment.Results Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the visual analog scale(VAS)score of pain between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores of both groups showed a decreasing trend over time,and the differences within the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 d,7 d and 14 d of treatment,the VAS scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of swelling between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the degrees of swelling in both groups showed a decreasing trend over time,and the differences within the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 d and 7 d of treatment,the degrees of swelling in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the degree of swelling between the two groups after 14 d of treatment(P>0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society(AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot scale score between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale scores of both groups showed an increasing trend over time,and all the differences within the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 d,7 d and 14 d of treatment,the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale scores in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion Based on the routine intervention,the addition of sticking-needle acupuncture and tendon-regulating manipulation was better in alleviating pain and swelling and improving joint function in patients with acute ankle sprain than the addition of tendon-regulating manipulation alone.