常规生物教学挂图的制作

根据教学需要制作挂图是生物教师和生物专业师范生必不可少的基本技能。

Deep learning models semi-automatic training system for quality control of transthoracic echocardiography

Objective To explore the value of deep learning(DL)models semi-automatic training system for automatic optimization of clinical image quality control of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods Totally 1250 TTE videos from 402 patients were retrospectively collected,including 490 apical four chamber(A4C),310 parasternal long axis view of left ventricle(PLAX)and 450 parasternal short axis view of great vessel(PSAX GV).The videos were divided into development set(245 A4C,155 PLAX,225 PSAX GV),semi-automated training set(98 A4C,62 PLAX,90 PSAX GV)and test set(147 A4C,93 PLAX,135 PSAX GV)at the ratio of 5∶2∶3.Based on development set and semi-automatic training set,DL model of quality control was semi-automatically iteratively optimized,and a semi-automatic training system was constructed,then the efficacy of DL models for recognizing TTE views and assessing imaging quality of TTE were verified in test set.Results After optimization,the overall accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score of DL models for recognizing TTE views in test set improved from 97.33%,97.26%,97.26%and 97.26%to 99.73%,99.65%,99.77%and 99.71%,respectively,while the overall accuracy for assessing A4C,PLAX and PSAX GV TTE as standard views in test set improved from 89.12%,83.87%and 90.37%to 93.20%,90.32%and 93.33%,respectively.Conclusion The developed DL models semi-automatic training system could improve the efficiency of clinical imaging quality control of TTE and increase iteration speed.

Target Seeker Gyro and Controls

A composite target seeker gyro with dual spectral range infrared rays and millimeter waves, and the associated control methodology are developed. The static pressure air floated ball bearing is used to sustain the outer frame, the optical fiber and wave guide are used to transmit these two kinds of signals to the rear part of the gyro, and the stator coils are used to get non contact angular measurement. Composite guiding, scanning, tracing and controlling can be achieved, the maximum tracing angular velocity can be as high as 16(°)/s.

Reasoning complexity for extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction

To solve the extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction （EFALCQ） reasoning problems, EFALCQ is discretely simulated by description logic with qualifying number restriction （ALCQ）, and ALCQ reasoning results are reused to prove the complexity of EFALCQ reasoning problems. The ALCQ simulation method for the consistency of EFALCQ is proposed. This method reduces EFALCQ satisfiability into EFALCQ consistency, and uses EFALCQ satisfiability to discretely simulate EFALCQ satdomain. It is proved that the reasoning complexity for EFALCQ satisfiability, consistency and sat-domain is PSPACE-complete.

为杨宪益、戴乃迭祝寿

新年伊始,我给年逾7旬的吴寿松兄拜年。吴寿松先生是著名的美术装帧设计家,元旦日他在家中专心而虔诚地一笔一划地描制着一幅《百寿图》。原来。

Application of EBSD technique to ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation:Sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis

With the help of FESEM, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction can investigate the grains/subgrains as small as a few tens of nanometers with a good angular resolution （~0.5°）. Fast development of EBSD speed （up to 1100 patterns per second） contributes that the number of published articles related to EBSD has been increasing sharply year by year. This paper reviews the sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis of EBSD technique, emphasizing on the investigation of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation （SPD）. Detailed and practical parameters of the electropolishing, silica polishing and ion milling have been summarized. It is shown that ion milling is a real universal and promising polishing method for EBSD preparation of almost all materials. There exists a maximum value of indexed points as a function of step size. The optimum step size depends on the magnification and the board resolution/electronic step size. Grains/subgrains and texture, and grain boundary structure are readily obtained by EBSD. Strain and stored energy may be analyzed by EBSD.

Control on Electron Beam Scanning Track

In order to use electron beam as a movable welding heat source and whose energy distribution along its moving trace can be controlled, a method of electron beam scanning track and scanning mode control was put forward. Based on it, the electron beam scanning track and scanning mode can be edited at will according to actual requirements, and the energy input of each point of the scanning track can be controlled. In addition, the scanning frequency and points control, real time adjusting of the scanning track etc. were explained. This method can be used in electron beam brazing, surface modification, surface heat treatment etc.

Existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium and zirconium in Al-Cu-Mg alloy

In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of as-cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, as-solution and natural aged, were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is revealed that Sc and Zr are completely dissolved into the supersaturated solid solution in as-cast ingot, but grain refinement is not observed. Coffee-bean-like AI3（Sc, Zr） particles deposit during homogenization of ingot induce an increase in hardness. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are slightly coarsened in as-solution samples, but they still maintain coherent to matrix, which indicates a high thermal stability of these particles. Good coherency ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles makes some benefits for inhibiting recrystallization and reserving work-hardening.

Preparation of electrolytic copper powders with high current efficiency enhanced by super gravity field and its mechanism

Super gravity field was employed to enhance electrolytic reaction for the preparation of copper powders.The morphology, microstructure and size of copper powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry and laser particle analysis.The results indicated that current efficiencies of electrolytic copper powders under super gravity field increased by more than 20% compared with that under normal gravity condition.Cell voltage under super gravity field was also much lower.The size of copper powders decreased with the increase of gravity coefficient(G).The increase of current efficiency can be contributed to the disturbance of electrode/electrolyte interface and enhanced mass transfer of Cu2+ in super gravity field.Meanwhile,the huge gravity acceleration would promote the detachment of copper powders from electrode surface during electrolytic process,which can prevent the growth of copper powders.

Adamantiades-Behcet's disease-complicated gastroenteropathy

Adamantiades-Behcet's disease (ABD) is a chronic,relapsing,systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin,and most frequently affects young adults between the second and fourth decades of life.ABD-complicated gastroenteropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality,with abdominal pain as the most common symptom.The ileocecal region is affected predominantly,with ulcerations that may lead to penetration and/or perforation,whereas other parts of the gastrointestinal system including the esophagus and stomach can also be affected.Endoscopy is useful to locate the site and extent of the lesions,and tissue biopsy is often warranted to examine the histopathology that is often suggestive of underlying vasculitis of small veins/venules or,alternatively in some cases,nonspecific inflammation.Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography scan.Treatment is largely empirical since well-controlled studies are difficult to conduct due to the heterogeneity of the disease,and the unpredictable course with exacerbation and remission.Corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive drugs,such as cyclophosphamide,azathioprine,sulfasalazine,tumor necrosis factor α antagonist or thalidomide should be applied before surgery,except in emergency.

Decomposition behavior of CaSO_4 during potassium extraction from a potash feldspar-CaSO_4 binary system by calcination

The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.

Characteristics and mechanism of low permeability beach-bar sandstone reservoir of Es4 in Dongying sag

Core and cast sections observation and description,and logging,scanning electron microscope and core lab analysis data etc. were applied to the present research of the characteristics and mechanism of low permeability beach-bar sandstone reservoir of Es4 in Dongying sag. The results indicated the reservoir has the characteristics of middle-low pores,low-permeability,low compositional and structural maturity,and thin throat. The low-permeability is mainly due to sedimentation (fine particles and argillaceous inter beds) and diagenesis (compaction,cementation,and dissolution). The cementation reduced the physical property of the reservoir mainly by carbonate cementation,quartz autogeny and enragement,and autogeny clay. Clay minerals usually jam the pores by filling holes,close-fitting the wall of hole,bridging,wrapping grains,and separate attaching the pores and so on. The dissolution is insufficient so as not to improve the porosity and permeability of the reservoir obviously. So it is also an important factor of forming low-permeability reservoir.

微小型钢球表面粗糙度测量仪的研究与设计

本文介绍了一种新研制成功的用于测量微小型超精成品钢球(G3-G60)表面粗糙度的测量仪器.仪器的设计采用M制轮廓针描法.由于设计中采用了特殊结构的高灵敏度触针式压电传感器和极低自振量的旋转式电动驱动机构,使仪器的“虚假信号”降至0.002～0.003μm(Ra),仪器示值度动量达到了0.001～0.002μm(Ra)水平.

Paleogeomorphy,provenance system and sedimentary system of the Dongying formation in the Qikou sag

Reconstructed synsedimentary paleogeomorpholgy is an effective method in predicting the distribution of sandbodies and can provide valid evidence in the search for reservoirs. Based on a synsedimentary paleogeomorpholgy reconstruction of the third member of the Dongying formation (Ed3) in the Qikou sag,the basic paleogeomorphic characteristics of Ed3 are described and the spatial distributions of denudation and subsidence areas are discussed. Key boundary faults controlling the deposition of important sediment bodies are proposed and the interrelations among faulted slope-break belts or flexure belts,intra-depression uplifts and sags,sediment sources and sediments input points have been investigated.

Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Prepared by Electrodeposition in a Modified Simulated Body Fluid

Hydroxyapatite coatings were directly prepared on anodized titanium by electro-deposition method in a modified simulated body fluid.The configuration,structure and bioactivity of the coating were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy(FTIR)techniques.The results demonstrated that pure and homogeneous hydroxyapatite coating can be obtained without any post-treatment.The prepared coating showed good bioactivity in simulated body fluid(SBF).The time required for a fully covered dense hydroxyapatite coatings was 4 days immersion in SBF.

Optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points in working chamber of earth pressure balance shield

In order to exactly provide scientific basis for pressure dynamic balance control of working chamber of earth pressure balance shield (EPBS),study on optimal arrangement of pressure measurement points in working chamber was conducted. Based on mathematical description of optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points,fuzzy clustering analysis and discriminant analysis were used to divide pressure regions of nodes on bulkhead. Finally,the selection method of optimal measurement points was proposed,and by selecting d6.28 m EPBS as study object,the case study was conducted. By contrast,based on optimal arrangement scheme of pressure measurement points,through adopting weighted algorithm,the absolute error mean of equivalent pressure of working chamber is the smallest. In addition,pressure curve of optimal arrangement points presents parabola,and it can show the state of pressure distribution on bulkhead truly. It is concluded that the optimal arrangement method of pressure measurement points in working chamber is effective and feasible,and the method can provide basis for realizing high precision pressure control of EPBS.

Preparation of Tungsten Film and Its Tribological Properties under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

Tungsten film(W film) is deposited by using the ion beam assisted deposition(IBAD) on the 316 L substrate surface in this experiment. The micro structure and nano-hardness of the film are investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and nano-indentation tester. The tribological behavior of W film under lubrication by oil with ZDDP and MoDTC is evaluated by a SRV test machine. The tribo-film formed on the worn surfaces is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) to find out the tribological mechanisms between the W film and the two additional additives. The result shows that the W film lubricated by ZDDP and MoDTC-blended base oil has synergistic effects on the friction reduction property, while the anti-wear property is mainly caused by the hard surface of W film.

Effect of pH Values on the Formation of Magnesia Doped Zirconia by Bali-Mill Assisted Co-precipitation Method

We have studied the effect of magnesia （MgO） addition （0, 5, 10, and 20 mol%） in zirconia at pH values （7, 9, 11）. The magnesia doped zirconia （MgO-ZrO2） has been synthesized by a co-precipitation method using ammonium hydroxide as a mineralizer. As-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and TG-DSC. The XRD results showed that the quantity of tetragonal phase was increased with increasing pH value during synthesis. On the other hand, a decrease in the crystallite size of tetragonal phase was observed with increasing pH value. Therefore, the FE-SEM micrograph showed a clear decline in the particle size with increasing pH value. As-precipitated at pH-11, the addition of 10 mol% of MgO showed nearly pure tetragonal phase with a crystallite size of-34.16 nm.

Preparation of β-Sialon/ZrN bonded corundum composites from zircon by nitridation reaction sintering process

β-Sialon/ZrN bonded corundum composites were synthesized using fused white corundum,alumina micro powder,zircon and carbon black by nitridation reaction sintering process. Phase composition and microstructure of the synthesized composites were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electronic microscope,and the formation process of the composites was discussed. The results show that the composites with different compositions can be obtained by controlling the heating temperature and contents of zircon and carbon black. The proper temperature to synthesize the composites is 1773 K.

Preparation of a Novel Coal Gangue–Polyacrylamide Hybrid Flocculant and Its Flocculation Performance

A novel flocculant based on hybrid coal gangue-polyacrylamide （HCGPAM） has been prepared by using modified coal gangue and polyacrylamide. Factors related to the preparation such as reaction time, temperature, concentration of the polymer monomer and ratio of initiators are investigated. The product is characterized by infrared spectra （FTIR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, as well as viscometry. The flocculating tests on oiffield drilling wastewater show that the removal efficiency is 85.5% and the light transmittance is 53.6%. The results indicate that the coal gangue could be used for the preparation of inorganic-organic hybrid flocculant and the removal efficiency is much higher than that of commercial polyacrylamide （PAM） or PAM/ coal gangue blend.