花布图案的计算机辅助设计和分色描样自动化

本文介绍一个花布图案的计算机辅助设计和分色描样自动化系统.该系统可以直接设计又能输入来样稿作工艺处理、制作分色底片.文章中简介了系统的软硬件配置、工作特点及使用效果.

绵延的魅力——谈中国民间美术中的线描样式

中国民间美术是涌动在中国美术史长河中的一股激流,它是在不断变迁、调整中延续、发展和成熟的。严格地说,目前“中国画”的释义尚未能涵盖这种根植于民族沃土的艺术样式。民间艺术千百年来生生不息,代代相沿,从地域到时间跨度上都保持着一种相对稳定同时又充满活力的风格样式,而线描就是这样式的显著特征。民间美术中的线描包括木刻插图、木板年画和剪纸等。从视觉方式看,它们是明显地不同于诸如图绘的或着色的绘画样式,它首先体现了在平面化的表现之中,极为理智地放弃了三维空间的营造,在平面化的二维空间中编织着一种和谐的秩序,显现出别致的、类型化的装饰美感。

浅谈玉雕创作

玉雕是中华传统文化中重要的艺术门类,玉雕创作是玉雕创作者文化艺术修养的集中体现。从最初的观察,经过构思、描样、制作等步骤,最终成为完整的玉雕作品,玉雕创作是一个艺术工作者发现美、创造美的过程。结合相应的创作过程说明玉雕设计应该注意的一些问题和需要考虑的重点,期待激起更多玉雕创作者的探讨,从而实现玉雕艺术的创新发展。

Application of EBSD technique to ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation:Sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis

With the help of FESEM, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction can investigate the grains/subgrains as small as a few tens of nanometers with a good angular resolution （~0.5°）. Fast development of EBSD speed （up to 1100 patterns per second） contributes that the number of published articles related to EBSD has been increasing sharply year by year. This paper reviews the sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis of EBSD technique, emphasizing on the investigation of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation （SPD）. Detailed and practical parameters of the electropolishing, silica polishing and ion milling have been summarized. It is shown that ion milling is a real universal and promising polishing method for EBSD preparation of almost all materials. There exists a maximum value of indexed points as a function of step size. The optimum step size depends on the magnification and the board resolution/electronic step size. Grains/subgrains and texture, and grain boundary structure are readily obtained by EBSD. Strain and stored energy may be analyzed by EBSD.

Research on Pollen Grains of Tetraploid Lines and Diploid Control Line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.

[Objective] The aim was to study characters of pollen grains of tetraploid lines and diploid control line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.,morphological characters,fertility of pollen grain and germination percentage of seeds. [Method] Pollen grains were prepared by sulphuric acid-acetyl oxide decomposition method. The lengths of polar axis and equatorial axis of pollen grains were determined with general optical microscope. The morphology of pollen grains was observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the typical visual fields of 2 500× (or 2 000×),7 000× were taken pictures. [Result] Comparing with the diploid control line,the pollen grains of five tetraploid lines which were tested were different from the diploid line in morphology,sculpture,etc.. 4 of the 5 tested samples were significant larger than the diploid line in size and one was similar to the diploid line. [Conclusion] This research provided references for breeding tetraploid improved varieties of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis. with good fertility and high germination percentage.

Morphogenetic Processes in Division of Uronemella filificum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida)

The morphogenetic processes of Uronemella filificum (Kahl, 1931) Song and Wilbert ①, were studied using protargol method. The stomatogenesis of U. filificum can be summarized as follows: membranelles 1-2, paroral membrane and scutica of the opisthe originate from the parental paroral membrane, while membranelle 3 in the opisthe develops from the parental scutica. The paroral membrane of the proter developes from the parental paroral membrane. The stomatogenetic sequences are similar to the previous descriptions for other related taxa. The phylogenetic position of Uronematidae is discussed in the light of morphogenetic data obtained.

Molecular imaging of plaques in coronary arteries with PET and SPECT

Coronary artery disease remains a major cause of mortality. Presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery is responsible for lu-men stenosis which is often used as an indicator for determining the severity of coronary artery disease. However, the degree of coronary lumen stenosis is not often related to compromising myocardial blood flow, as most of the cardiac events that are caused by atherosclerotic plaques are the result of vulnerable plaques which are prone to rupture. Thus, identification of vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries has become increas-ingly important to assist identify patients with high cardiovascular risks. Molecular imaging with use of positron emission tomography （PET） and single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） has fulfilled this goal by providing functional information about plaque activity which enables accurate assessment of plaque stability. This review article provides an overview of diagnostic applications of molecular imaging tech-niques in the detection of plaques in coronary arteries with PET and SPECT. New radiopharmaceuticals used in the molecular imaging of coro-nary plaques and diagnostic applications of integrated PET/CT and PET/MRI in coronary plaques are also discussed.

Bivariate Simplex Spline Quasi-Interpolants

In this paper we use the simplex B-spline representation of polynomials or piecewise polynomials in terms of their polar forms to construct several differential or discrete bivariate quasi interpolants which have an optimal approximation order.This method provides an efficient tool for describing many approximation schemes involving values and(or) derivatives of a given function.

Melting, sintering and wetting properties of ZnO–Bi_2O_3–B_2O_3 sealing glass

Glasses based on ZnO-Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3 system are expected to be a new kind of sealing glasses because of their low melting temperature and other properties.In order to reveal the effect of B_2O_3 on the rheological behavior of ZnO-Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3 system glass melt,the properties of viscosity,thermal expansion,fluxion property and wetting process between cylinder samples and stainless steel were investigated with the rotating crucible viscometer,dilato meter and high-temperature microscope.The structure of sintered glass samples was investigated with scanning electron microscope.The results show that the B_2O_3 content increasing in B_1-B_3 at the given temperature between 400 ℃ and 500 ℃ leads to the increasing of the sample viscosity.When the amount of B_2O_3 increases from 5.24%to 9.24%(mass fraction),the coefficients of thermal expansion of glass samples decrease smoothly from 10.94×10^(-6) to10.71×10^(-6) and 10.38×10^(-6) ℃^(-1) respectively.In the case of sealing temperature,its value increases from 453 ℃ to 494 ℃.ZnO-Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3 system low-melting glass powder sintering was with viscous liquid to participate,which could make the densification of glass sample more effective and more efficient.With the content of B_2O_3 increasing,the wetting angle between the glasses samples and stainless steel could also increase,and the resulting appropriate sealing temperature range is 460-490 ℃.

Phase, magnetism and thermal conductivity of glass ceramics from iron ore tailings

In order to develop the applications of ore tailings, the glass ceramics were prepared by using a conventional melting-quenching-sintering process. The phase component, microstructures, magnetic properties and thermal conductivities of the prepared glass ceramics were investigated by using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermophysical properties tester, respectively. The results show that orthorhombic olivine-type phase and triclinic sunstone-type phase formed when the glass was annealed at 700 oC, the concentration of olivine-type and sunstone-type phases decreased, the spinel-type cubic phase occurred and the amount increased when the annealing temperatures increased. The magnetic properties from the cubic spinel ferrites were detected in the glass ceramics, and the related saturation magnetization increased with the annealing temperature increasing. The porous glass ceramics with magnetic property showed much lower thermal conductivity, compared with the non-magnetic porous glass-ceramic and the dense glass-ceramics.

Synthesis of size-controllable Fe3O4 magnetic submicroparticles and its biocompatible evaluation in vitro

Large scaled uniform and size-controllable magnetic submicroparticles(MSPs) were synthesized via solvothermal method with ferric chloride as iron source and sodium acetate as trapping agent. The influence of Fe^(3+) and Na Ac contents on the size distribution of MSPs was investigated. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray power diffraction(XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). The well-dispersed MSPs with size of 100-1000 nm were obtained by simply adjusting the contents of Fe^(3+) and NaA c. In addition, the hemolysis and cytotoxicity of Fe_3O_4 MSPs, and their ability to case arrest in cell life-cycles were studied. The results indicate that larger size could lead to lower hemolysis. From MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthuazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the interactions between MSPs and adhesive mouse fibroblast cell line(L929) were probed. Larger size of Fe_3O_4 MSPs demonstrates lower cell viability following an exposure to the cells.

Development of a novel nano-biosorbent for the removal of fluoride from water

The study was designed to investigate the use of two sorbents namely(i) Fe3O4 nanoparticles immobilized in sodium alginate matrix(FNPSA) and(ii) Fe3O4 nanoparticles and saponified orange peel residue immobilized in sodium alginate matrix(FNPSOPR) as sorbents for fluoride removal from contaminated water. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed and characterized by dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry. The sorbent matrices were prepared in the form of beads and surface functionalized to enable enhanced sorption of fluoride ions. Batch sorption studies were carried out and the sorption isotherm and reaction kinetics were analyzed. Both the sorbents followed Langmuir model of isotherm and fitted well with Pseudo first order reaction. The maximum sorption capacity exhibited by FNPSA and FNPSOPR was58.24 mg·g-1and 80.33 mg·g-1respectively. Five sorption–desorption cycles exhibited 100%, 97.56%, 94.53%,83.21%, and 76.53% of regeneration of FNPSOPR. Accordingly, it is demonstrated that FNSOPR could be used as a promising sorbent for easy and efficient removal of fluoride from contaminated water with good reusability.The current work suggests a simple and effective method to remove fluoride from contaminated water.

Experimental Study on External Low Frequency Vibration Influence on SPM

The influence of external low frequency (0-100 Hz) vibration on the tip-sample interaction in SPM is the main concern of this paper. A concept, vibration rejection ratio (VRR) proposed by Thompson et al, was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A concise theoretical background was introduced, a vibration stimulating and measuring system for SPM was built up, and an experimental research of the influence on SPM VRR was carried out with different SPM probes, samples, tip pre-loads and open/close loops of tip-sample interaction. It was proved both in theory and experiment that SPM VRR had correlations with the spring constant, the air damping constant, the effective mass of the cantilever, the contact spring constant and the contact damping constant between tip and sample. SPM's vibration rejecting ability can be improved by longer cantilever probe, softer sample surface, greater tip pre-load, and close-loop control for tip-sample interaction. More attention should be paid to a proper combination of the above parameters.

Extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in the duodenum

We report a rare case of extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in the duodenum. A 72-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital presenting with a 3-mo history of epigastric pain, vomiting and weight loss. On computed tomography （CT） a wall thickening of the fourth part of the duodenum was observed. Multiple biopsies obtained from the lesion showed infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes, but they were not conclusive. The patient underwent resection of the lesion and, on histopathological examination, the lesion consisted of a dense and diffuse infiltrate of plasma cells and a few admixed lymphocytes with reactive follicles extending to the muscular propria. An extensive deposition of amyloid was also observed. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that a few plasmacytoid cells showed λ light chain staining, though most were κ： light chain positive. These cells also were positive for CD138 and CD56 but negative for CD20 and CD79. The findings were consistent with extramedullary plasmocytoma associated with a massive deposit of amyloid in duodenum. A subsequent workup for multiple myeloma was completely negative. The patient showed no signs of local recurrence or dissemination of the disease after 12 mo follow-up. Because of the association of plasmocytoma and amyloidosis, the patient must be followed up because of the possible systemic involvement of the neoplasm and amyloidosis in future.

Laccase biosensor using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes and chitosan/silica hybrid membrane modified magnetic carbon paste electrode

A simple and rapid strategy to construct laccase biosensor for determination of catechol was investigated. Magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MMCNT) which possess excellent capability of electron transfer were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to identify its surfacetopography and magnetization, respectively. Laccase was immobilized on the MMCNT modified magnetic carbon paste electrode by the aid of chitosan/silica (CS) hybrid membrane. Using current-time detection method, the biosensor shows a linear response related to the concentration of catechol in the range from 10-7 to 0.165×10-3 mol/L. The corresponding detection limit is 3.34×10-8 mol/L based on signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) ≥3 under the optimized conditions. In addition, its response current retains 90% of the original after being stored for 45 d. The results indicate that this proposed strategy can be expected to develop other enzyme-based biosensors.

Studies of Structure, Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe70Si20Cr10 Nanocrystalline Alloy

Nanostructured Fe70Si20Cr10 alloy was produced by high energy planetary ball milling, starting from elemental powders. The structural, microstructural and magnetic properties of the milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and 57Fe M6ssbauer. After 5 h of milling, it is observed the formation of a bcc solid solutions ~t-Fe （Si, Cr）. Its grain size decreases with increasing milling time attaining 20 nm after 15 h of milling time. Analysis of M6ssbauer spectra shows an increasing broad magnetic component when the milling time increases. Its mean hyperfme field is about 25.5 T at 15 h of milling. M-H hysteresis loop curves reveal a room temperature ferromagnetic behaviour with a saturation magnetisation reaching 143 emu/g after 15 hours of milling, which is 20% lower than that of bulk iron; i.e., 1800 emu/g, due to effect of alloying elements after the formation of ct-Fe （Si, Cr） solid solution.

Influence of Ice on Soil Elemental Characterization via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Field portable X-ray fluorescence （PXRF） spectrometry has become an increasingly popular technique for in-situ elemental characterization of soils. The technique is fast, portable, and accurate, requiring minimal sample preparation and no consumables. However, soil moisture 〉 20% has been known to cause fluorescence denudation and error in elemental reporting and few studies have evaluated the presence of soil moisture in solid form as ice. Gelisols （USDA Soil Taxonomy）, permafrost-affected soils, cover a large amount of the land surface in the northern and southern hemispheres. Thus, the applicability of PXRF in those areas requires further investigation. PXRF was used to scan the elemental composition （Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, Zn, and Zr） of 13 pedons in central and northern Alaska, USA. Four types of scans were completed： 1） in-situ frozen soil, 2） re-frozen soil in the laboratory, 3） melted soil/water mixture in the laboratory, and 4） moisture-corrected soil. All were then compared to oven dry soil scans. Results showed that the majority of PXRF readings from in-situ, re-frozen, and melted samples were significantly underestimated, compared to the readings on oven dry samples, owing to the interference expected by moisture. However, when the moisture contents were divided into 〉 40% and 〈 40〈 groups, the PXRF readings under different scanning conditions performed better in the group with 〈 40% moisture contents. Most elements of the scans on the melted samples with 〈 40% moisture contents acceptably compared to those of the dry samples, with R2 values ranging from 0.446 （Mn） to 0.930 （St）. However, underestimation of the melted samples was still quite apparent. Moisture-corrected sample PXRF readings provided the best correlation to those of the dry, ground samples as indicated by higher R2 values, lower root mean square errors （RMSEs）, and slopes closer to 1 in linear regression equations. However, the in-situ （frozen） sample scans did not differ appreciably from the melted sample scans in their correlations to dry sample scans in terms of R2 values （0.81 vs. 0.88）, RMSEs （1.06 vs. 0.85）, and slopes （0.88 vs. 0.92）. Notably, all of those relationships improved for the group with moisture contents 〈 40%.

Wild dogma II： The role and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia

The studies of Allen （2011） and Allen et al. （2011） recently examined the methodology underpinning claims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to have design flaws and/or observational methods that preclude valid interpretations from the data, describing most of the current literature as ＇wild dogma＇. In this short supplement, we briefly highlight the roles and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia. We discuss nomenclature, and the influence that unreliable science can have on policy and practice changes related to apex predator management