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从词尾到助词——论助词“地”形成的语用动因
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作者 石锓 刘念 《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第1期95-104,共10页
助词“地”是由词尾“地”演变而来的。助词“地”的演变过程是一种逆语法化过程,是语法化单向性的一个反例。这一过程历经类推、功能扩展、重新分析、功能再扩展等多个阶段。唐宋出现了一些新的描状结构,词尾“然”因用法限制,不能接... 助词“地”是由词尾“地”演变而来的。助词“地”的演变过程是一种逆语法化过程,是语法化单向性的一个反例。这一过程历经类推、功能扩展、重新分析、功能再扩展等多个阶段。唐宋出现了一些新的描状结构,词尾“然”因用法限制,不能接在这些描状结构之后做词尾;因为类推机制起作用,词尾“地”取代了词尾“然”。宋代,词尾“地”因用法扩大,变得越来越不典型,在重新分析机制的作用下演变为助词。明清,随着描状结构的进一步分化发展,在“体词性结构+地”构式中,助词“地”的意义也开始分化,由表状态发展到表方式、表数量、表时间和表列举等。无论是词尾“地”,还是助词“地”,其出现与发展演变的动因都是为了适应汉语状态表达法的需要。 展开更多
关键词 词尾 助词 “地” 描状结构
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A new representation of orientable 2-manifold polygonal surfaces for geometric modelling
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作者 LIU Yong-jin TANG Kai JOENJA Ajay 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第9期1578-1588,共11页
Many graphics and computer-aided design applications require that the polygonal meshes used in geometric computing have the properties of not only 2-manifold but also are orientable. In this paper, by collecting previ... Many graphics and computer-aided design applications require that the polygonal meshes used in geometric computing have the properties of not only 2-manifold but also are orientable. In this paper, by collecting previous work scattered in the topology and geometry literature, we rigorously present a theoretical basis for orientable polygonal surface representation from a modem point of view. Based on the presented basis, we propose a new combinatorial data structure that can guarantee the property of orientable 2-manifolds and is primal/dual efficient. Comparisons with other widely used data structures are also presented in terms of time and space efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 Shape representation Combinatorial data structure Computational topology
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