This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the...This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the different stages of follow-up after esophageal resection. A systematic review was performed by searching medical databases （Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library） for potentially relevant studies that appeared between January 1975 and March 2011. Studies were included if they addressed the question of HRQL after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and analysis processes. Twenty-one observational studies were included with a total of 1282 （12-355） patients. Five studies were performed with short form-36 （SF-36） and 16 with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer （EORTC） QLQ c30 （14 of them also utilized the disease-specific OESI8 or its previous version OES24）.The analysis of long-term generic HRQL with SF-36 showed pooled scores for physical, role and social function after esophagectomy similar to United States norms, but lower pooled scores for physical function, vitality and general health perception. The analysis of HRQL conducted using the Global EORTC C30 global scale during a 6-mo follow-up showed that global scale and physical function were better at the baseline. The symptom scales indicated worsened fatigue, dyspnea and diarrhea 6 mo after esophagectomy. In contrast, however, emotional function had significantly improved after 6 mo. In conclusion, short- and long-term HRQL is deeply affected after esophagectomy for cancer. The impairment of physical function may be a long-term consequence of esophagectomy involving either the respiratory system or the alimentary tract. The short- and long-term improvement in the emotional function of patients who have undergone successful operations may be attributed to the impression that they have survived a near-death experience.展开更多
Two-spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urticae Koch） （Acari： Tetranychidae） is a very serious pest worldwide, causing considerable damage to vegetables, flowers and fruit crops. The application of plant extracts to...Two-spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urticae Koch） （Acari： Tetranychidae） is a very serious pest worldwide, causing considerable damage to vegetables, flowers and fruit crops. The application of plant extracts to control insects can be an effective alternative. In this study, the efficacy of an extract from Juglans regia L. （Juglandecaea） was tested as an alternative to conventional acaricides. Using two different methods, bioassays were used to determine the effects of varying concentrations J. regia （1%, 3%, 6%, 12%） of the extracts. Experiments were carried out using 3 cm diameter leaf disks of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, the effects of the extract on mite reproduction and oviposition were investigated. As a result, in the leaf dipping method, the 12% concentration of the extract caused the highest mortality of nymph （90%） and adult （83.00%） stages. For the spraying method, the mortality of adults at the same concentration was 100%. In bioassays at lower concentrations, the adult mites laid lower numbers of eggs in comparison to the untreated mites. The highest effect occurred at concentration of 12% and the lowest effect was at 1%. The extract was no observed ovicidal effect.展开更多
文摘This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the different stages of follow-up after esophageal resection. A systematic review was performed by searching medical databases （Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library） for potentially relevant studies that appeared between January 1975 and March 2011. Studies were included if they addressed the question of HRQL after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and analysis processes. Twenty-one observational studies were included with a total of 1282 （12-355） patients. Five studies were performed with short form-36 （SF-36） and 16 with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer （EORTC） QLQ c30 （14 of them also utilized the disease-specific OESI8 or its previous version OES24）.The analysis of long-term generic HRQL with SF-36 showed pooled scores for physical, role and social function after esophagectomy similar to United States norms, but lower pooled scores for physical function, vitality and general health perception. The analysis of HRQL conducted using the Global EORTC C30 global scale during a 6-mo follow-up showed that global scale and physical function were better at the baseline. The symptom scales indicated worsened fatigue, dyspnea and diarrhea 6 mo after esophagectomy. In contrast, however, emotional function had significantly improved after 6 mo. In conclusion, short- and long-term HRQL is deeply affected after esophagectomy for cancer. The impairment of physical function may be a long-term consequence of esophagectomy involving either the respiratory system or the alimentary tract. The short- and long-term improvement in the emotional function of patients who have undergone successful operations may be attributed to the impression that they have survived a near-death experience.
文摘Two-spotted spider mite （Tetranychus urticae Koch） （Acari： Tetranychidae） is a very serious pest worldwide, causing considerable damage to vegetables, flowers and fruit crops. The application of plant extracts to control insects can be an effective alternative. In this study, the efficacy of an extract from Juglans regia L. （Juglandecaea） was tested as an alternative to conventional acaricides. Using two different methods, bioassays were used to determine the effects of varying concentrations J. regia （1%, 3%, 6%, 12%） of the extracts. Experiments were carried out using 3 cm diameter leaf disks of Phaseolus vulgaris L. In addition, the effects of the extract on mite reproduction and oviposition were investigated. As a result, in the leaf dipping method, the 12% concentration of the extract caused the highest mortality of nymph （90%） and adult （83.00%） stages. For the spraying method, the mortality of adults at the same concentration was 100%. In bioassays at lower concentrations, the adult mites laid lower numbers of eggs in comparison to the untreated mites. The highest effect occurred at concentration of 12% and the lowest effect was at 1%. The extract was no observed ovicidal effect.
