从铜冶炼阳极炉精炼渣中提取铜工艺研究

采用废酸氧化浸出、CaO焙烧浸出渣、废酸氧化浸出焙砂的火法—湿法联合工艺提取铜冶炼阳极炉精炼渣中的铜。详细研究了废酸直接氧化浸出精炼渣时,浸出温度、液固比、时间、通入空气量对Cu、Fe、As等浸出率的影响,以及焙烧温度、时间、浸出渣与CaO质量比(m(slag)/m(CaO))对Cu、Fe、As等浸出率的影响。结果表明:废酸直接氧化浸出时,浸出温度90℃、液固比9 mL/g、时间4 h、每升溶液通入空气量200 mL/min条件下,Cu、Fe、As的浸出率分别为85.32%、68.41%、44.97%。浸出渣与CaO混合后,在温度800℃、时间4 h、浸出渣与CaO质量比为5.1的条件下进行焙烧,得到的焙砂经过废酸氧化浸出,精炼渣中的Cu、Fe、As的总浸出率分别达98.10%、69.60%、50.48%。

从酸泥中提取铜和硒的试验研究

在铜冶炼过程中会产出大量含二氧化硫的烟尘,经喷淋后形成酸泥,酸泥主要成分为铅的化合物,还含有一定量的硒和铜等有价金属元素以及一些稀散贵金属元素。本试验以铜冶炼厂产出酸泥为原料开展试验研究,采用“加压氧浸-LIX984萃取除铜-铁粉还原沉硒-粗硒提纯”工艺提取酸泥中的硒、铜有价元素。试验研究结果表明:控制合适的高压氧浸条件,硒的浸出率大于91%,铜的浸出率大于95%;采用LIX984萃取除铜时,铜的萃取率大于92%,铜的反萃率大于95%;铁粉还原沉硒产出粗硒粉经进一步提纯,可产出硒品位为99.26%的硒粉产品。整个工艺试剂用量少、无废水排放,是一种绿色环保工艺,实现了酸泥中铜和硒的高效提取。

两种大型海藻提取物对杜氏盐藻生长和代谢活性的促进作用

实验选取绿潮藻提取物和铜藻提取物作为一种高经济价值藻一一杜氏盐藻生长的营养添加剂,与传统的f/2培养基相比,探究两种大型海藻提取物对杜氏盐藻的生长和某些代谢活性(色素、碳水化合物、蛋白质、光合活性)的影响。藻类生理指标和营养成分分析表明,不同浓度的藻华提取物对杜氏盐藻生长的促进效果显著。添加0.26%、0.31%、0.38%的绿潮藻提取物和添加0.24%的铜藻提取物均能够显著促进杜氏盐藻生物量增长、光合色素和营养物质的积累,但对杜氏盐藻的最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和有效量子产量(Yield)无显著影响。研究表明,一定浓度的绿潮藻提取物和铜藻提取物能够显著促进杜氏盐藻的生长和营养物质的积累,该发现为藻华防控及利用大型藻华提取物来优化杜氏盐藻的生产提供了新的思路。

PLC在铜阳极提取机上的应用

叙述了铜阳极提取机的ＰＬＣ控制，给出了系统的梯形图和接线图，系统简单可靠，通用性较强。

电积提取工业废弃物中铜的试验研究

目的:利用电积提取工业废弃物中的铜。方法:采用萃取-电积技术处理含铜样品,选取适合的酸性浸出液和萃取剂,利用萃取工艺从中回收金属铜,进行了铜提纯实验。结果:使用萃取-电积方法对工业废弃物的铜进行提取是有效的,其萃取率和反萃取率之高使得提取出来的电铜质量符合国家有关技术和工业应用要求。结论:试验结果表明在焙烧-酸浸-电积工艺中通过萃取-电积技术从酸性浸出液内回收工业废弃物中的铜在技术上是可行的,结果比较令人满意。

胺萃取电积法从含氰废液中回收铜锌半工业试验

国内首次采用萃取电积法处理氰化浸金贫液新工艺，进行半工业试验。从浸金废液中回收有价金属铜、锌及氰化钠，此工艺不仅解决了废液中杂质离子对浸金指标的影响，而且还治理了水环境污染。结果表明，此工艺显示出混合效果好、分相快、易操作、工艺清洁等优点，铜和锌的回收率都达到了９５％以上，为工程设计提供可靠的工艺参数。

铜渣综合利用研究现状及其新技术的提出

铜渣是极有价值的冶金二次资源,特别是铜渣中铁、铜资源较为丰富,具备很高回收价值。本文论述了铜渣综合利用的研究现状,并提出了氯化分离铜渣中的铜铁的设想,以FeO∶Cu_2O∶CaCl_2=9g∶1g∶0.8g混合均匀配制试样;通高纯N_2以60ml/min保护焙烧,在1123K、1173K、1223K、1273K温度下做氯化焙烧实验。在1273K温度下经过4小时焙烧,FeO-Cu_2O体系中Cu元素的挥发率为60%以上,铜铁有效分离。为铜渣综合利用提供了新的技术研究思路。

Study on the Inhibitory Mechanism of Sophora japonica N-hexane Extract on Microcystis aeruginosa

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the inhibitory mechanism of Sophora japonica n-hexane extract which significantly inhibited Microcystis aeruginosa in the prior research.[Method] S.japonica n-hexane extract was used to treat M.aeruginosa.By inspecting chlorophyll a content,protein content,cell membrane permeability and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,the inhibitory mechanism of S.japonica n-hexane extract on M.aeruginosa was analyzed initially.[Result] S.japonica n-hexane extract destroyed the cell membrane system of M.aeruginosa,and increased the cell membrane permeability.The contents of chlorophyll a and protein respectively declined to 10% and 50% of that in the control group after cultivated for 7 d,which indicated the photosynthetic reaction system of M.aeruginosa was destroyed.In addition,under the effect of S.japonica n-hexane extract,SOD activity of M.aeruginosa increased in the early period and decreased in the latter period.[Conclusion] The possible inhibitory mechanism of S.japonica n-hexane extract on M.aeruginosa was destroying the cell membrane to increase the membrane permeability;destroying the photosynthetic reaction system to decrease the contents of photosynthetic pigment and protein;making SOD activity showing the phased variation.

Assessment of selective sequential extraction procedure for determining arsenic partitioning in copper slag

An optimized selective sequential extraction(SSE)procedure was developed to assess the arsenic(As)partitioning in copper slag.The potential As species in copper slag are partitioned into the readily soluble As,dissolvable arsenates,sparingly soluble arsenates,As residing in sulfides,arsenopyrite and metal As,as well as As incorporated into glassy silicates.The inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the leachates and residues produced from the operation scheme.The selectivity and recovery of extractants were evaluated through single-phase extraction procedures.Partitioning data of As in slag samples show good agreement with the reported works and the total As recovery of each operation is over 90%.This suggests that the optimized SEE scheme can be reliably employed for As partitioning in As-bearing byproducts from copper smelting.

Electrolytic production of Cu-Ni alloys in CaCl_2-Cu_2S-NiS molten salt

An alternative metal/alloy production method,known as direct electrochemical reduction(DER),was introduced for the fabrication of CuNi alloys from mixed sulfides(Cu2S,NiS)under both galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions.The influences of the process parameters(e.g.,cell voltage and current)on the compositions of the reduced compounds were investigated to yield industrially desirable alloys,namely,CuNi10,CuNi20,and CuNi30.The electrochemical behaviors of Cu2S and NiS in CaCl2 melt were examined at a temperature of 1200°C via cyclic voltammetry(CV).Based on the CV results,the cathodic reduction of Cu2S occurred in one step and cathodic reductions of NiS occurred in two steps,i.e.,Cu2S?Cu for copper reduction and NiS?Ni3S2?Ni for nickel reduction.Galvanostatic studies revealed that it was possible to fabricate high-purity CuNi10 alloys containing a maximum sulfur content of 320×10-6 via electrolysis at 10 A for 15 min.Scanning electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy(OES)examinations showed that it was possible to fabricate CuNi alloys of preferred compositions and with low levels of impurities,i.e.,less than 60×10-6 sulfur,via DER at 2.5 V for 15 min.

Solvent extraction of copper and ammonia from ammoniacal solutions using sterically hindered β-diketone

Extraction of copper and ammonia from Cu2+-NH3-Cl--H2O solution using laboratorialy synthesized sterically hindered β-diketone(4,4-dimethyl-1-(4-dodecylphenyl)-1,3-pentanedione) was studied.The effects of the copper concentration,the total ammonia concentration,the initial pH in the aqueous phase,the phase ratio,and the temperature on copper extraction ratio and ammonia extraction in loaded organic phase were investigated using this sterically hindered β-diketone.Under the conditions of temperature 25℃,contact time of two phases 30 min,phase ratio 1-1,concentration of copper 3 g/L,concentration of total ammonia 3 mol/L,aqueous pH 8.43,and the concentration of β-diketone in organic phase 20%(volume fraction),ammonia in aqueous phase is much lower to be extracted by organic phase(just 14.5 mg/L),while the extraction rate of copper is 95.09%.

小飞蓬的铜毒害和抗性机制研究

对高铜污染区的小飞蓬进行盆栽实验,在不同Cu浓度处理下,对小飞蓬的电导率、叶绿素以及蛋白质含量进行测定。结果表明:电导率随着Cu浓度的提高而增大,而叶绿素和蛋白质含量先微增后持续减少,这说明Cu损害了小飞蓬的细胞膜,并影响了小飞蓬的光合作用和蛋白质的合成。对小飞蓬的抗性机制研究表明,当土壤Cu浓度升高时,小飞蓬根部Cu含量随着增加,相关系数为0.974**;而地上部分Cu含量的上升并不明显;转移到地上部分的Cu随着土壤铜含量的提高,亚细胞组分铜的总量增加;其中组分F1(细胞壁以及未破碎残渣)、F3(线粒体部分)、F4(核蛋白和可溶性组分)中Cu含量也呈现增加趋势,相关系数为0.992**、0.973**、0.995**,呈现极显著的正相关性;以F1所占比例最高,约为34.7%～40.9%,F4次之,约为26.8%～32.3%。随着土壤Cu浓度的提高,Cu在根部的存在形态中以醋酸提取态为主,其次为盐酸提取态;地上部分的Cu提取态中活性较低的醋酸提取态和盐酸提取态所占比例提高,活性较高的氯化钠提取态和乙醇提取态下降,水提取态变化幅度不是很明显,但总体上以氯化钠提取态和乙醇提取态为主;抗氧化酶系统SOD、POD、CAT在Cu浓度增加时,活性增强,其中CAT、POD与Cu浓度之间的相关系数为0.940*、0.924*,呈现显著的正相关性,这3种酶组成的清除自由基系统对小飞蓬的耐Cu性有很大的影响。

Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of the lipid extract from Mantidis ootheca on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the lipid extract from Man- tidis ootheca against the gentamycin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chemical composition of the lipid extract and its relative proportion were determined using the technique of gas chromatography coupled with mass spec- trometry （GC-MS）. Antibacterial susceptibility tests were performed using a disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibition concentration （MIC） was determined by way of the agar dilution method. The anti-biofilm test was carried out with crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. There were 16 compounds detected, and the most abundant components were sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenes, and trace aromatic compounds. The MIC for P. aeruginosa was 4 mg/ml and the eradication effect on preformed biofilms was established and compared with a ciprofloxacin control. The results of our study indicated that a lipid extract from M. ootheca could be used as a topical and antibacterial agent with anti-biofilm activity in the future.

Inhibitory effects of the extracts with different solvents from three compositae plants on cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosas

The algicidal activity of the terrestrial plants is a novel and promising means for alga control of eutrophic waters. In this study, three compositae plants-Artemisia annua （A. annua）, Conyza canadensis （ C. canadensis）, and Erigeron annuus （E. annuus） were selected and antialgal activity of petroleum ether （PE）, ethyl acetate （EA） and ethanol extracts of these plants on blue algae Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated. The result shows the EA extracts of these plants present the stronger inhibitory effects. The results of the further separation of PE and EA extracts according to water-solubility and acidity or alkalinity show that fatty acids and telpenoids in A. annua, terpenoids and organic acid in C. Canadensis and E. Annuus may be the main antialgal active constituents. This study suggested that the EA extracts of these plants could become the potential algicide to prevent water blooming.