废定影液提取银的方案刍议

银是贵重金属,用途广泛而资源贫乏,供求矛盾尖锐。工业生产中制造感光材料需用大量的银。本文所议的利用洗相的废定影液来提金属银即是一项变废为宝,经济实惠的工作。在照相底片和相纸上均含有溴化银,定影的时候来感光的溴化银被定影液中的硫代硫酸钠（俗称海波）溶解,银以[Ag（S2O3）2]3-形式存在于定影液中。废定影液含银量一般在100～1500ppM之间,回收意义很大。随着照相业的发展和洗相技术的不断更新,洗相液的组分不断增多,其中除银以外的杂质离子（碳、硅、硫、铜、铁、铋、钡、锑、铝、钾、钠等）也相应增多。

利用废铝提取银粉

银粉作为一种新型装饰材料,与油漆等调合剂混合,可刷新各种拖拉机、柴油机、汽车以及其它铁制、木制家具等,同时它也广泛应用于如油墨、皮革等多种工业领域。此种银粉,是用废铝等加工而成。它的加工方法比较简单,一般可从回收的废铝品中经再加工提取。

从废影液中提取银的新方法

１原理①２〔Ａｇ（Ｓ２Ｏ３）２〕３－＋Ｓ２－Ａｇ２Ｓ↓＋４Ｓ２Ｏ２－３②３Ａｇ２Ｓ＋２ＡｌΔ６Ａｇ＋Ａｌ２Ｓ３＋热量注：②反应放出的热量极大，类似铝热反应，可使银在反应中熔为液态而聚集于钳锅底部结为银块。２步骤２．１从医院或照相部购买废定影液后，加入...

银耳子实体提取物抗皱功效研究

目的:探索银耳子实体提取物在人体及体外的抗皱功效。方法:测量银耳子实体提取物对成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶-1(Matrix Metallopeptidase 1,MMP-1)、胶原蛋白-1(Collagen I,CoL I)、透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid,HA)表达含量的影响。通过受试者试用测试、抗皱功效测试检验含有银耳子实体提取物的精华及眼膜对皮肤粗糙程度、皱纹参数(深度、长度、面积、数量)及眼角纹严重程度的影响,并调查受试者的产品满意度。结果:在成纤维细胞抗皱指标测试中,UVA辐射建模会造成成纤维细胞HA含量降低(P<0.01),银耳子实体提取物能够显著提高成纤维细胞降低的HA含量(P<0.001)。在银耳子实体产品抗皱测试中,其产品可防止受试者皮肤粗糙度增加(P<0.01)、降低眼周皱纹参数(P<0.001),并且具有较高的受试者满意度。结论:银耳子实体提取物通过修复真皮HA流失等功效,在护肤品中发挥出抗皱能力,且安全性高,在抗皱抗衰护肤品开发中具有较好的应用前景。

缩微与提银

本文围绕缩微技术讨论了用金属置换法、电解法和硫化银沉淀法从废定影液中提银的工艺原理。

铜阳极泥提银过程取消银转炉工序的试验探索

某冶炼企业采用回转窑联合湿法工艺回收铜阳极泥中的银,所得粗银粉品位较低,需要增加银转炉工序,致使能耗增加,环境污染严重。为取消银转炉工序,企业尝试采用新的湿法分银工艺取代原有的氨浸分银-水合肼还原分银工艺。试验探索了亚钠分银-甲醛还原-氧化酸浸除杂工艺(亚钠分银-甲醛直接还原工艺)和亚钠分银-分银液破络合-氧化酸浸除杂-甲醛还原工艺(亚钠分银-甲醛间接还原工艺),结果表明亚钠分银-甲醛间接还原工艺稳定性较好,得到的粗银粉品位达到99.93%,其他杂质含量接近0。如果采用亚钠分银-甲醛间接还原工艺代替原有工艺,预计每年为企业增加的效益至少为138.69万元。试验过程中的亚钠液再生与回用是新工艺后续需要攻克的难点,其既可以解决生产过程中液体体积膨胀的问题,又可以降低废水处理量与亚钠用量,对进一步降低生产成本至关重要。

如何缓解储蓄挤兑

我国储蓄业绩达到14000余亿元,储蓄这只“笼中虎”威胁着我们,从1988年至1993年短短6年时间内,银行就经历了两次储蓄挤兑,造成一定的支付困难。储蓄挤兑是指民众纷纷提取银行存款,使储蓄负增长,轻者使银行资金周转困难。

银杏叶提取物片联合丁苯酞软胶囊对阿尔茨海默病的疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察银杏叶提取物片联合丁苯酞软胶囊对阿尔茨海默病的疗效及安全性。方法:将我院收治的80例阿尔茨海默病患者作为资料进行研究(纳入时间为2014年10月~2016年8月)。其中40例给予丁苯酞治疗(对照组),另外40例给予银杏叶提取物片联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗(观察组)。分析两组治疗的疗效、相关量表进步情况、血清有关因子变化以及药物安全性。结果:治疗6个月后,观察组总有效率为82.50%,高于对照组60.00%(p<0.05)。两组经治疗,MMSE、ADAS-cog和ADL得分均较治疗前进步(均p<0.05);观察组以上三个量表得分分别为(20.38±1.17、31.19±0.97、27.94±1.15)分,均优于对照组(17.37±1.14、35.16±1.02、32.02±1.09)分(均p<0.05)。两组经治疗,血浆NO和血清VEGF和MDA水平均优于治疗前(均p<0.05);观察组以上三个指标水平分别为(44.07±1.04μmol/L、180.6±8.7ng/L、2.12±0.34μmol/L),均优于对照组(37.96±0.97μmol/L、169.4±8.2ng/L、3.28±0.38μmol/L)(均p<0.05)。对照组在治疗期间出现15.00%的不良反应比例,高于观察组10.00%,但差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:银杏叶提取物片能提高阿尔茨海默病的治疗效果,改善患者血清学相关指标,且不良反应少。

银杏叶与山楂提取物配伍治疗SHR高血压的实验研究

目的:探讨银杏叶、山楂提取物配伍联用治疗高血压模型动物的作用和机制。方法:自发高血压大鼠(Spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)的基础血压值随机分成7组(模型对照、卡托普利、银杏叶提取物、山楂提取物、银杏叶/山楂提取物1:1、1:2和1:3配伍组),同时选用SD大鼠作为正常对照组,每组10只动物,按设计剂量(卡托普利35 mg/kg,银杏叶提取物150 mg/kg,山楂提取物组130 mg/kg,其他均为300 mg/kg)每日给予受试物,对照组给予蒸馏水,连续30天,以尾脉搏法测定血压。每周测量血压、心率和体重一次,实验末摘眼球采血并处死动物,计算心室指数,血液分离血清后测定血清中一氧化氮、丙二醛的含量以及总超氧化歧化酶的活力。结果:实验末,山楂提取物、银杏叶/山楂提取物1:2和1:3配伍组的动物收缩压明显低于模型对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而各组对动物的心率、体重无明显影响。山楂提取物和1:3配伍组的动物心室指数和血清中丙二醛含量明显降低,一氧化氮水平则显著升高,且1:3配伍组血清中总超氧化歧化酶的活力也明显升高;此外,银杏叶提取物组的动物血清中丙二醛含量也明显降低,而总超氧化歧化酶的活力则显著升高。结论:银杏叶和山楂提取物按1:3配伍联用能协同有效降低SHR的血压,保护累及的组织器官,其作用机制为通过调节内皮依赖性舒血管物质减少外周血管阻力,同时通过抗氧化作用来保护高血压诱发的重要组织器官损伤。

新技术与成果

难浸独立银矿浮选银精矿提取银和金的方法难浸独立银矿浮选银精矿提取银和金的方法,主要步骤是在添加剂作用下进行氧化焙烧,然后在稀硫酸介质预浸出,可将85—95%的银,铜溶出。

挪用公款被判徒刑

中国建设银行万县市五桥区(县级)支行房地产信贷部经理黄美富,利用职务之便,挪用公款10万元,最近被判处有期徒刑三年,缓刑四年。1995年1月23日,黄美富对本部储蓄专柜出纳员杨某谎称‘付他人营业款’,从杨处提取银行库存款5.5万元,交予万县市龙宝区个体户程某进行营利活动,并抽出顾户进帐单,指使杨伪造储户活期取款凭条抵库,企图掩盖挪用公款行为。同年2月6日,黄美富听信五桥区个体户方某‘已同其他银行联系妥当存一贷二,可以迅速还款’的谎言。

Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) attenuates lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats:Roles of oxidative stress and nitric oxide

AIM： To investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761） on lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/ reperfusion （ Ⅱ/R）. METHODS： The rat model of Ⅱ/R injury was produced by damping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The rats were randomly allocated into sham, Ⅱ/R, and EGb ＋Ⅱ/R groups. In EGb ＋Ⅱ/R group, EGb 761 （100 mg/kg per day） was given via a gastric tube for 7 consecutive days prior to surgery. Rats in Ⅱ/R and sham groups were treated with equal volumes of the vehicle of EGb 761. Lung injury was assessed by light microscopy, wet-todry lung weight ratio （W/D） and pulmonary permeability index （PPT）. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite/nitrate （NO2/NO3）, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were examined. Western blot was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. RESULTS： EGb 761 markedly improved mean arterial pressure and attenuated lung injury, manifested by the improvement of histological changes and significant decreases of pulmonary W/D and PPT （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）.Moreover, EGb 761 markedly increased SOD activity, reduced MDA levels and MPO activity, and suppressed NO generation accompanied by down-regulation of iNOS expression （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The results indicate that EGb 761 has a protective effect on lung injury induced by Ⅱ /R, which may be related to its antioxidant property and suppressions of neutrophil accumulation and iNOS- induced NO generation. EGb 761 seems to be an effective therapeutic agent for critically ill patients with respiratory failure related to Ⅱ/R.

Effect of Lonicerae Flos extracts on reflux esophagitis with antioxidant activity

AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

AIM: To evaluate the preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. METHODS: Female Wistar albino rats were used for the studies. We randomly divided the rats for each study into five subgroups: normal control, experimental control, and three experimental groups. The gastric ulcers were induced by instilling 1 mL 50% ethanol into the stomach. We gave GbE 8.75,17.5,26.25 mg/kg intravenously to the experimental groups respectively 30 min prior to the ulcerative challenge. We removed the stomachs 45 min later. The gastric ulcers, gastric mucus and the content of non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), c-Jun kinase (JNK) activity in gastric mucosa were evaluated. The amount of gastric juice and its acidity were also measured. RESULTS: The findings of our study are as follows: (1) GbE pretreatment was found to provide a dose-dependent protection against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats; (2) the GbE pretreatment afforded a dose-dependent inhibition of ethanol-induced depletion of stomach wall mucus, NP-SH contents and increase in the lipid peroxidation (increase MDA) in gastric tissue; (3) gastric ulcer induced by ethanol produced an increase in JNK activity in gastric mucosa which also significantly inhibited by pretreatment with GbE; and (4) GbE alone had no inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study showed that GbE significantly inhibited the ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. We suggest that the preventive effect of GbE may be mediated through: (1) inhibition of lipid peroxidation; (2) preservation of gastric mucus and NP-SH; and (3) blockade of cell apoptosis.

Neuroprotective action of Ginkgo biloba on the enteric nervous system of diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the enteric neurons in the small intestine of diabetic rats. METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), diabetic group (D) and diabetic-treated (DT) daily with EGb 761 extract (50 mg/kg body weight) for 120 d. The enteric neurons were identified by the myosin-V immunohistochemical technique. The neuronal density and the cell body area were also analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the neuronal population (myenteric plexus P = 0.0351; submucous plexus P = 0.0217) in both plexuses of the jejunum in group D when compared to group C. With regard to the ileum, there was a significant decrease (P = 0.0117) only in the myenteric plexus. The DT group showed preservation of the neuronal population in the jejunum submucous plexus and in the myenteric plexus in the ileum. The cell body area in group D increased significantly (P = 0.0001) in the myenteric plexus of both segments studied as well as in the ileum submucosal plexus, when compared to C. The treatment reduced (P = 0.0001) the cell body area of the submucosal neurons of both segments and the jejunum myenteric neurons. CONCLUSION: The purified Ginkgo biloba extract has a neuroprotective effect on the jejunum submucous plexus and the myenteric plexus of the ileum of diabetic rats.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on expression of biomarkers during aflatoxin B_1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats

Objective： The aim of this study was to study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract （EGb761） on metabolism of afiatoxin B1 （AFB1） in Wistar rats. Methods： Seventy one Wistar rats were assigned at random to groups A, B and C. Rats in groups A, B were injected with AFB1 （intraperitoneal, 100-200 ug/kg body weight, 1-3 times/week）. Group C was normal control. Rats in group B were fed in food with EGb761, while rats in groups A, C were given normal food. Blood samples were collected and liver biopsies were performed on the 14th, 28th and 42nd week. All the rats were sacrificed on the 64th week. The incidence of hepatocarcinoma was investigated. The hepatic phase I drug-metabolizing enzyme Cytochrome-P450 （CYP450） and phase II metabolizing enzyme glutathione S-transferase （GST） were analyzed with spectrometry. Serum AFB1- lysine adduct levels were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The expression of 8-hydroxydeoxy- guanosine （8-OHdG） was measured with immunohistochemistry. Results： The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in group B was significantly lower than that in group A （26.92% vs 76.00%, P 〈 0.001）. No HCC developed in group C. EGb761 showed no effects on the activities of CYP450 and GST in rat liver tissues. The level of AFB1-lysine adduct reached the peak （4356.01 pg/mg albumin） at the 14th week in group A. EGb761 significantly inhibited the formation of AFB1-lysine adduct in serum by 13.07% at the 14th week （P = 0.033）, and 73.63% at the 42nd week （P = 0.002）. The expression of 8-OHdG protein in rat liver tissues in group B was significantly lower than that in group A at the 28th, 42nd, and 64th week （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The main mechanism underlying the effect of EGb761 in blocking hepatocarcinogenesis induced by AFB1 may not be fully attributable to its influence on the activity of liver phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes. EGb761 inhibits the production of AFB1-lysine adducts, decreases the expression of 8-OHdG protein, and finally alleviates the DNA oxidative injury, which may be one of the mechanisms for the effects of EGb761 in inhibiting or delaying AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

Application of Pectin Crude Extract from Krung Kha Mao Leaves （Cissampelos pareira L.） for Immobilization of Lactobacillus casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus TISTR 1339 on Lactic Acid Production

The research was first to perform the utilization of novel and cheap pectin crude extract from Krung Kha Mao leaves （Cissampelos pareira L.） to immobilize cells of Lactobacillus casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus TISTR 1339 for lactic acid production, the optimum condition of immobilized cells was produced significantly at 5% of probability, that the highest lactic acid has been 38.50 and 33.66 g/L in steady state of whey medium for 96 and 108 h, respectively. Both strains were immobilized by 4% （w/w） of pectin crude extract from Krung Kha Mao （KKM pectin） leaves, 1.52 mm inner diameters of silicone tube and 5% （v/v） inoculum for immobilization. Efficiency of lactic acid production was compared by immobilized cells ofL. casei subsp, rhamnosus TISTR 108 when KKM pectin, commercial citrus pectin, commercial apple pectin and sodium alginate were used as supporting materials to produce lactic acid 38.50, 38.76, 30.43 and 34.56 g/L, respectively, the productivity of lactic acid has been 0.40, 0.40, 0.36 and 0.36 g/L h, respectively.

HPLC-UV Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Compounds from Endemic Shrub of Arid Environment Tamarix pauciovulata J, Gay

This research presents complete phenolic compounds and biological activity of Tamarix pauciovulata J. Gay, an endemic Saharan species. The antioxidant assays revealed that crude extract showed strong DPPH scavenging activity （IC50 = 49.357 μg/mL） but in reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions have a potent ferrous ion-chelating ability in particularly the butanolic fraction （63.18% reduced power at 50 μg/mL） and a powerful scavenging activity on hydrogen peroxide in particularly ethyl acetate fraction （IC50 = 0.205 μg/mL）. The phenolic compounds of Tamarix pauciovulata leaves were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The major phenolic of leaf extracts are syringic acid （1.07 g/100g）, quercetin （34.1 mg/100g）, kaempferol （5.77 mg/100g）, isorhamnetin （5 mg/100g）. Others phenols were identified such as isoquercetin, catechin, epicatechin and its derivatives. Results indicated that the leaves extracts from Tamarix pauciovulata have great capacities to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals and can become important source of dietary compounds with health protective potential.

Isolation and Preparative Purification for Ginkgolides A and B

In this paper a simple preparative method for isolation and purification of ginkgolides A and B was developed,As starting material,a commercially available standardized ginkgo extract (EGb761,containing 24% flavonoid and 6% terpene trilactones) was used,After a pretreatment step,optimized by the uniform design method ,the concentrated intermediate extract with high content of GA and gb(+90%) was separated into the individual terpenes by preparative liquid chromatography eluted with petroleum ether-ethylacetate,Analysis of products was carried out by means of HPLC-ELSD(evaporative light -scattering detector),The results show that ginkgolides A and B are obtained in higher yield and better purity.