中国第一位诺贝尔科学奖提名人与被提名人

本文考察了中国第一位诺贝尔科学奖的提名人与被提名人的情况。中国本土第一位诺贝尔科学奖提名人为国际著名生物化学家吴宪(1893-1959),他于1932年提名了约翰·诺斯罗普(John H Northrop)和詹姆士·萨姆纳(James B Sumner)为诺贝尔生理学或医学奖候选人。而最早获得诺贝尔科学奖提名的中国人乃中国检疫和防疫事业先驱,公共卫生学家、中华医学会首任会长伍连德(1879-1960)博士,他因在肺鼠疫方面的工作尤其是发现土拨鼠在鼠疫传播过程中的作用而被提名角逐1935年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

执政党提名人大代表候选人制度及其影响

候选人提名制度被认为是现代政治运作中的神秘"黑箱"。文章以中国人大代表候选人提名制度为研究对象,探讨了执政党提名人大代表候选人的提名标准、提名方式及其对人大代表当选后的政治行为的影响。文章发现,第一,执政党主要以阶层结构、素质结构和政治表现等三个标准选拔代表候选人,阶级结构标准是提名的必要门槛,素质结构是提名的基本保证,政治表现是获得提名的关键因素;第二,执政党提名代表候选人并非采取完全封闭式的集权提名方式,而是采取集权提名和分权提名相结合的方式;第三,在这种提名制度的影响下,通过直接提名产生的代表候选人倾向于回应公共利益,通过分权提名产生的代表候选人倾向于回应选区利益。

Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals

Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.

Assessment of corrected time-step method for nominal ionospheric gradient calculation: A comparative analysis with spatial approaches

The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.

武汉科技大学陈新元老师被学会推荐为2015年宝钢优秀教师特等奖提名人

2015年9月10日,通过学会秘书处邀请有关专家评审,中国冶金教育学会向宝钢教育基金会推荐1名宝钢优秀教师特等奖提名人:陈新元(武汉科技大学);同时,学会作为评审单位评出7名宝钢优秀教师奖:王立东(内蒙古科技大学)、迟珊(青岛理工大学)、杨绍斌(沈阳大学)。

Multi-Attribute Couplings-Based Euclidean and Nominal Distances for Unlabeled Nominal Data

Learning unlabeled data is a significant challenge that needs to han-dle complicated relationships between nominal values and attributes.Increas-ingly,recent research on learning value relations within and between attributes has shown significant improvement in clustering and outlier detection,etc.However,typical existing work relies on learning pairwise value relations but weakens or overlooks the direct couplings between multiple attributes.This paper thus proposes two novel and flexible multi-attribute couplings-based distance(MCD)metrics,which learn the multi-attribute couplings and their strengths in nominal data based on information theories:self-information,entropy,and mutual information,for measuring both numerical and nominal distances.MCD enables the application of numerical and nominal clustering methods on nominal data and quantifies the influence of involving and filtering multi-attribute couplings on distance learning and clustering perfor-mance.Substantial experiments evidence the above conclusions on 15 data sets against seven state-of-the-art distance measures with various feature selection methods for both numerical and nominal clustering.

A Comparative Study on Achievements in Negative Nominal Interest Rates Published in Literature in English and Chinese

Interest rates are the key to the resource allocations of financial markets.The frequent appearance of negative nominal interest rates(NNIR)may lead to a failure of the transmission mechanism and arouse system risks in the financial markets.Meanwhile,negative nominal interest rates is a new policy with no consensus reached by academia or policymakers.It is necessary to review the research results and promote consensus to reveal the nature and impact mechanisms of NNIR.Therefore,we retrieved original articles from the Web of Science(WoS)and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)published from 1999 to 2020 on NNIR to determine the characteristics of current research results from various perspectives and compare literature in English and Chinese of highly productive institutions and researchers,hot topics,evolution contexts,research frontiers,and ecological characteristics.There are three major findings.In terms of research ecology,the ecological structure of the top research institutions,both domestic and abroad,remains steady,but the structure of the researchers is not stable.In terms of a research domain,NNIR is studied from many dimensions,and the early established research domains still have long-lasting impacts in English literature.In contrast,Chinese literature mainly focuses on discussing applicable policies with no highly focused domain and research topic with great influence yet.Finally,the focus in both English and Chinese literature has changed.Since the original research framework is insufficient in explanatory power,literature in English is beginning to pay attention to the empirical analyses of practical policies,and Chinese scholars are turning to theoretical study to enhance the in-depth understanding of this phenomenon.Researchers in China should focus on collecting high-quality research materials and pay more attention to the progress of empirical research in English literature to improve Chinese research efficiency and quality and then promote research progress in China.

A Study of Nominal Predicate Sentences Under the Framework of Cognitive Grammar

Cognitive grammar,as a linguistic theory that attaches importance to the relationship between language and thinking,provides us with a more comprehensive way to understand the structure,semantics and cognitive processing of noun predicate sentences.Therefore,under the framework of cognitive grammar,this paper tries to analyze the semantic connection and cognitive process in noun predicate sentences from the semantic perspective and the method of example theory,and discusses the motivation of the formation of this construction,so as to provide references for in-depth analysis of the cognitive laws behind noun predicate sentences.

地名的事件域转喻体认模型——一项基于体认地名学的研究

为推动体认语言学与地名学的深度融合,文章运用ECM(事件域认知模型)与转喻机制构建了事件域转喻体认模型。该模型以地名命名转喻观为基础,整合了转喻的体认性与ECM的体认性,并以中国自然地理实体地名为例加以验证。研究揭示了该模型的解释力和可操作性,并清晰地再现了命名者的心理意图与过程。该模型的提出既推动了体认语言学的跨学科应用研究,也为地名学指出了一个全新的研究方向。

茅盾文学奖的现代性想象和传统生态——以茅盾文学奖终评(提名)落选的五部革命叙事作品为中心

迄今已历经十届的茅盾文学奖评选,就革命叙事而言,共有十部作品获奖,这些获奖作品对新型国家现代性形象的想象与主流价值要求有高度吻合性。反观在茅盾文学奖终评(提名)环节落选的五部革命历史题材作品,却因其先锋探索姿态与主旋律意识形态属性的疏离、革命魅惑中的历史虚无性改写与宏大历史明确性表达的相背、民间文化观念的另类化彰显与弘扬时代精神的悖反等诸种缘由,而遭受冷落乃至拒斥,鲜明地体现出以茅盾文学奖为代表的主流话语价值评价体系所具有的包容度和限度。

《小儿积滞病诊断标准》的制定研究

目的制定一个框架清晰、指标明确、可操作性强的《小儿积滞病诊断标准》,为中医儿科临床实践和中医药临床评价提供依据。方法基于文献研究法,结合课题组经验,初步制定确立小儿积滞病诊断标准框架和各层面条目;基于共识法(包括德尔菲法、名义小组法)征求专家意见,最终制定形成《小儿积滞病诊断标准》。结果制定了由“病史、病程、诊断指标、需要排除的疾病、诊断条件”5个层面的小儿积滞病诊断标准。结论本研究采用的研究方法得当,保证了内容的全面性和结果的客观性,《小儿积滞病诊断标准》具有科学性、实用性,可供小儿积滞病的临床科研与医疗工作者参考使用。该诊断标准已通过中华中医药学会的审核发布(编号T/CACM1387-2022)。

气垫船导管内蒙皮结构疲劳分析

针对气垫船导管内蒙皮结构使用中出现撕裂的问题,应用实测载荷和材料数据,进行有限元静强度分析,基于采用名义应力法,采用MSC Fatigue进行疲劳分析,根据结果对内蒙皮结构做改进设计,表明导管内蒙皮结构须按疲劳强度要求进行设计,提出的名义应力法可用于导管内蒙皮结构疲劳强度评估。

价值指标名义值转实际值的理论与实践

为了提高价值指标名义值折算为实际值的可操作性,文章在明确折算公式中的价格指数是定基价格指数的基础上,厘清相关理论与实践的异同。在对如何利用链式拉氏公式将年环比价格指数转换成定基价格指数进行理论剖析的基础上,利用真实的统计数据对定基价格指数和价值指标实际值的折算过程作了详细说明。在利用美元计价的涉外价值指标研究相关活动对中国经济的影响时,需先将指标换成以人民币计价的金额,再将名义值折算成实际值。

论融资租赁承租人破产时的出租人权利

融资租赁是一种新型交易模式,不宜以租赁交易等传统法律关系对其定性。融资租赁中作为出租人权利基础的所有权具有特殊性,相较于完整的所有权有所弱化,是为租金债权提供担保的“名义所有权”。从权利基础、利益衡量、制度取向三个角度出发,承租人破产时的出租人权利宜定性为破产别除权而非破产取回权。在融资租赁合同的破产处理中,《破产法》所规定的破产管理人的挑拣履行权不宜被直接移用。在出租人享有破产别除权的情况下,承租人破产管理人的挑拣履行权并无适用空间。未来立法应当将传统租赁从融资租赁中剔除,完善破产法有关融资租赁的特别规范,通过法制保障融资租赁行业发展行稳致远。

量词“扇”对名词性成分选择的范畴化过程

量词“扇”对名词性成分的选择是一个范畴化过程。量词“扇”的语义特征是[+平面][+可开合],表示“门”类物的名词性成分是“扇”范畴的原型,位于范畴中心。“扇”范畴从中心成员开始向外扩展,经过近距扩展、远距扩展而至边缘成员,形成一个具有层级性的连锁性链条。“扇”范畴的近距扩展主要体现为由表母体物到表相近物,大致包括四类:可开合的硬质平面物、可开合的软质平面物、面积较大的硬质平面物、可分合的类平面物。远距扩展主要体现为从表非生物到表生物、从表客体到表主体、从表有形具体物到表无形具体物、从表具体物到表抽象物。隐喻和图式转换是“扇”范畴扩展的重要促动因素。

复合型固化剂固化黏土强度试验研究

为研究固化剂-黏土的强度特性,养护7 d后,对不同水泥含量的固化土采用单轴无侧限压缩试验。试件处于干燥和泡水两种状态,测得黏土、固化剂掺入黏土、固化剂与水玻璃掺入黏土三种情况下试件单轴无侧限抗压强度。分析黏土名义黏聚力c′的演化特征。试验结果表明:其他条件不变,随着水泥含量的增大,试件强度先减小后增大,当水泥含量(质量分数)为7%时,试件强度最低;加入固化剂后的泡水试件强度随着水泥含量的增大而增大;加入固化剂能显著提高试件的抗压强度;加入固化剂和水玻璃,试件强度与单独加入固化剂相差不大;名义黏聚力c′与无侧限单轴抗压强度变化规律一致。

全球经济政策不确定性、人民币汇率与中国经济波动——基于非对称视角的理论与实证分析

随着全球经济一体化的加深,全球经济政策不确定性和人民币汇率对中国经济波动产生越来越大的影响。基于非对称影响的视角,构建一个融入全球经济政策不确定性、人民币汇率和经济波动的Mundell-Fleming模型,从理论上分析各要素的非对称影响机制。实证结果表明:短期内人民币升值对物价水平的抑制效应大于贬值对物价水平的促进效应,长期内人民币升值对经济增长的抑制效应大于贬值对经济增长的促进效应;此外,无论在短期还是长期,全球经济政策不确定性降低对物价水平和经济增长的促进作用都大于经济政策不确定性上升的抑制效应。以上结果均通过稳健性检验。因此,央行需要加强对汇率与全球经济政策不确定性对物价水平和经济增长的非对称效应的关注,以实现中国经济的平稳运行。

喷砂处理钢板高强度螺栓摩擦型连接循环抗剪试验研究

为了解决地震下高强度螺栓抗剪连接承载力性能的问题,对钢板喷砂处理的不同螺栓尺寸和孔型的36个高强度螺栓抗剪连接件进行了双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪的循环加载试验,获得了连接件抗剪承载力、抗滑移系数、滑移前变形、刚度、滑移后的滑动承载力、实测摩擦因数、名义摩擦因数和螺栓拉力。结果表明:双剪连接刚度大,单剪连接滑移前变形是双剪连接的1.8倍;在喷砂钢板间夹紫铜片后抗滑移系数提高约16.1%并可减小摩擦力离散性和滑移噪声;螺栓垫圈与喷砂钢板间的摩擦力对单剪抗剪承载力有提高作用;提出修正的单剪连接抗滑移承载力公式;给出双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪连接的滑移前变形建议取值,提出3类连接的滑动承载力公式。

Modelling Key Population Attrition in the HIV and AIDS Programme in Kenya Using Random Survival Forests with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique-Nominal Continuous

HIV and AIDS has continued to be a major public health concern, and hence one of the epidemics that the world resolved to end by 2030 as highlighted in sustainable development goals (SDGs). A colossal amount of effort has been taken to reduce new HIV infections, but there are still a significant number of new infections reported. HIV prevalence is more skewed towards the key population who include female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWID). The study design was retrospective and focused on key population enrolled in a comprehensive HIV and AIDS programme by the Kenya Red Cross Society from July 2019 to June 2021. Individuals who were either lost to follow up, defaulted (dropped out, transferred out, or relocated) or died were classified as attrition;while those who were active and alive by the end of the study were classified as retention. The study used density analysis to determine the spatial differences of key population attrition in the 19 targeted counties, and used Kilifi county as an example to map attrition cases in smaller administrative areas (sub-county level). The study used synthetic minority oversampling technique-nominal continuous (SMOTE-NC) to balance the datasets since the cases of attrition were much less than retention. The random survival forests model was then fitted to the balanced dataset. The model correctly identified attrition cases using the predicted ensemble mortality and their survival time using the estimated Kaplan-Meier survival function. The predictive performance of the model was strong and way better than random chance with concordance indices greater than 0.75.

1901—1964年度诺贝尔物理学奖提名情况探微(下)

诺贝尔奖是包括自然科学和人文科学在内的权威性国际大奖,每年颁奖一次,号称"天下第一奖"和"万奖之王"。诺贝尔科学奖得主是全球超级科技精英的顶尖人物,享有崇高的国际地位和声望,荣登诺奖得主殿堂是全世界科学家们梦寐以求的夙愿和至高无上的荣誉。因获取诺贝尔奖提名是赢得诺奖的前提和必由之路(杨振宁和李政道极为特殊的情况另议),故对诺奖提名情况进行研究无疑属于诺学范畴。本文主要利用诺奖官网提名数据库中已公开的原始资料对1901—1964年度诺贝尔物理学奖的提名情况进行了系统的全方位统计分析和研究探讨,力求全面深入而严密精准。