插秧量与行距配置对北方杂交稻和常规稻产量及其构成因子的影响

比较了在不同插秧量和行距配置方式下杂交稻和常规稻的产量及其构成因素。杂交稻穗大、粒多、千粒重大、经济系数高、灌浆持续期长、同化物向籽粒转移比率高。杂交稻比常规稻平均增产7.27%。但不同类型品种适宜的栽培方式不同:杂交稻适宜插单苗,而常规稻适宜插3苗;不论是杂交稻还是常规稻,直立穗型和半直立穗型品种适宜等行距栽培以减少群体漏光,弯曲穗型品种适宜宽窄行栽培以改善中下层叶片的光照条件。

插秧量与行距配置对水稻分蘖及穗重的影响

通过插秧量与行距配置对杂交稻和常规稻分蘖及穗重的影响研究表明 ,不同插秧量对水稻茎蘖消长规律存在明显影响 ,插单苗的在整个分蘖过程中茎蘖量比插3苗的少 ,最终的成穗数明显要少。其茎蘖消长规律的差异主要表现在辽粳326和优418最高分蘖量和最终有效穗数高于辽优3225,而辽优3225分蘖力较低 ,则是由于该品种分蘖峰值提前 ,分蘖两极分化早所致。各种处理成穗率相近 ,但在不同蘖位的成穗机制上存在差异 ,插3苗的成穗蘖位较为集中 ,而插单苗的成穗蘖位分布分散 ,并造成插3苗的穗重分布比插单苗的分散。杂交稻的穗重变异性大 ,分布较常规稻分散 ,具有产生大穗的潜力 ,而插单苗更利于杂交稻大穗潜力的发挥。

不同插秧量对东北杂交稻与常规稻产量结构的影响

对东北杂交稻与常规稻的产量形成过程和产量结构进行了分析。结果表明 :杂交稻比常规稻增产的主要原因在于杂交稻的经济系数显著高于常规稻 ,这主要得益于杂交稻后期光合产物向籽粒的转移率较高。在产量结构上 ,杂交稻的穗粒数多、千粒重大 ,但穗粒数的优势主要来源于二次枝梗 ,这也造成了杂交稻的结实率偏低 ,成为限制杂交稻产量潜力发挥的瓶颈。进一步发挥杂交稻的杂种优势 ,需要从提高后期光合能力和提高结实率两方面入手。杂交稻与常规稻有各自适宜的栽培方式 ,插单苗有利于提高杂交稻的平均穗重、千粒重、结实率 ,并最终使产量提高 ;而插3苗更适于常规稻生产力的发挥。

新型人力水稻插秧机

该机采用了一种新颖的插秧装置,解决了目前现有人力水稻插秧机普遍存在的插秧阻力大、在硬质土地上由于插秧不到位及脱秧困难而造成的倒秧、漂秧等问题。能够在各种土壤条件下插秧且插秧质量好。与现有机型相比,具有插秧质量好,适应范围广,

Study on Sowing Date for Mechanicaltransplanting Rice under Wheat-Rice Cropping System in Chengdu Basin

Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II You 602 was adopted as experimental material, to investigate the effects of sowing date on seedling growth,transplanting quality, growth process and yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings in wheat-rice cropping region of Chengdu Basin, thus exploring supporting high-yield cultivation techniques for mechanical-transplanting technology in Chengdu Basin, Results showed that the appropriate sowing date for mechanical transplanting in wheatrice cropping region of Chengdu Basin was April 10-15, and the appropriate seedling age was 45-50 d, which led to the highest yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings. Although postponing sowing was conducive to improving transplanting quality and increasing the percentage of earbearing tillers, it would result in lagged group growth, poor spike quality and reduced effective number of panicles, grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-seed weight and other yield components, thus declining the yield. Yield reduction rate would be above 10% with sowing date postponed by 15 d.

Effects of Seed Rate on Root Twining Power and Seedling Quality of Machine-transplanted Super Rice

In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the growth characteris- tics, quality and root twining power of machine-transplanted rice seedlings were studied. The results showed that seed rate had great effects on root twining power and qualityof rice seedlings; with the increase of seed rate, the root twining power of rice seedlings was increased, but the quality of rice seedlings was significantly reduced; under the condition of high seed rate, rice seedlings were weak with less accumulate dry matter and nonuniform growth, and the proportion of weak seedlings was higher. When the seed rate of both rice cultivars was reduced by 10 g/tray, the average seedling height was increased by 0.5 cm, leaf age was increased by 0.1, stem base diameter was increased by 0.1 cm, and root number per plant was increased by 0.3. When the seed rate was increased by 10 g/tray, the accumulated dry matter per plant was reduced by 5.1 mg. With the increase of seed rate, the seedling quality of Zhongzheyou No.1 was decreased rapidly, and the proportion of weak seedlings was increased rapidly. However, Yongyou 12 has a larger elasticity in seed rate. When the seed rate reached to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Yongy- ou 12 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, but the shoots were sparse with lower leaf area index. However, when the seed rate was up to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Zhongzheyou No.1 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, as well as higher-density shoots. From a comprehensive point of view, the optimum seed rates of Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.1 were 65 and 50 g/tray, respectively.

Research on Potted-Tray Grown Rice Seedling Transplanting by Machine

[Objective] In order to cultivate seedlings that are adaptable to farming system and transplanter, the technology for transplanting potted-tray grown rice seedlings with machine was introduced and studied. [Method] The transplanter-spe-cific seedlings were cultivated with potted-tray, bowl-shaped blanket tray and soft plastic flat plate respectively. The seeding rate and 20-50-day-old seedling height were investigated for the 3 sowing patterns. After the transplanting, the missing transplanting rate, upright seedling rate, seedling injury rate and green-returning pe-riod were investigated. [Result] Nursing seedlings with potted-tray had the advan-tages of saving seeds, high sowing precision, high seedling rate and high seedling rate. The 20-40-day-old seedlings had relatively high leaf age, seedling height and root number. However, 40 d after the transplanting, the growth of seedlings was slowed. The quality difference was smal est among the 20-day-old seedlings that were nursed with 3 different patterns, but since then the quality advantage of pot-ted-tray grown seedlings had been more and more prominent. There was smal dif-ference in quality among the 30-day-old seedlings. However, for the seedlings that were older than 40 d, the transplanting quality of potted-tray grown seedlings was higher than that of bowl-shaped blanket tray grown seedlings and soft plastic flat plate grown seedlings. In addition, the green-returning period of the potted-tray grown seedlings was significantly shortened. [Conclusion] Compared to the bowl-shaped blanket tray grown seedlings and soft plastic flat plate grown seedlings, the potted-tray grown seedlings were more suitable to transplant by machine in the wheat-rice double cropping areas of Chengdu Plain.

Effects of Machine-transplanted Density on Yield and Yield Formation of Lingliangyou 104

IIn order to ascertain the suitable machine-transplanted density of Lingliangyoul04 in Hunan, a field experiment was conducted in Mingyue Village of Lukou Town of Changsha County in 2013, and the effects of three machine-transplanted densities （DI： 333 000 holes/hm^2, D2 250 000 holes/hm^2, D3 175 000 holes/hm^2） on yield and yield formation of Lingliangyou104 were studied. The results indicated that the yield of Lingliangyoul04 showed an increase tendency with the increasing of machine-transplanted density; the highest yield of Lingliangyou104 showed in D1 by 9.66 t/hm^2, it increased by 12.2% and 22.4% compared with D2 and D3, respectively. Under high machine-transplanted density, Lingliangyoul04 performed with more effective panicles, large index of leaf area, high probability of intercepting light radiation by canopy, and strong leaf photosynthetic capacity, thus increasing amount of dry matter production and high yield.

Effects of Farming and Seedling-raising Methods on Population Growth and Grain Yield of Mechanized Transplanting Rice

The effects of farming method, rice variety and seedling-raising method were studied on the population growth quality and grain yield of the mechanized transplanting rice by way of three-factor split plot design. The results showed that the no-tillage mechanical transplanting treatment was poorer than the conventional mechanical transplanting treatment in transplanting quality in general, but the former was similar to the latter in population growth quality. In regard to grain yield, the no-tillage mechanical transplanting treatment was lower than the conventional me- chanical transplanting treatment. Raising both pot-mat seedling and plastic-tray seedling did not make much difference in population growth and grain yield of mechanized transplanting rice, so both of the seedling-raising methods can be adopted according to practical conditions.

Effects of Plant Spacing and Finger Sticking Area Settings for Machine Transplanting on Yield of Double-season Early Rice

The effects of rice transplanters＇ transplanting settings（plant spacing and finger sticking area） on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars：hybrid rice cultivar（Zhuliangyou 819） and conventional rice cultivar（Zhongjiazao 17）.The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.

Effects of SSA Dosages on Seedling Quality and Yield by Mechanical Transplanting

[Objective] The aim was to research the influence of gradient dosages of seedling-strengthening agent （SSA） on rice seedling quality and yield. [Method] The influence of four dosages of SSA on late rice seedling quality and yield was investi- gated, using Oryza sativa cv. Yongyou 9 and Huanghuazhan as test materials. [Re- sult] The results showed that applying SSA significantly increased several indexes of seedling quality including the leaf age, basal stem width and dry matter weight. In addition, SSA greatly increased the rice yield, mainly through influencing two yield component factors, effective panicle number and grain number per panicle. [Conclu- sion] SSA was beneficial to nurse strong seedling which satisfied mechanical trans- plant and improve yield. Considered both seedling quality and yield trait, the optimal SSA dosage is 50 g/m2 under this cultivating condition.