摩擦环境对Cu/石墨复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用热压烧结法制备了Cu/石墨复合材料,并研究了摩擦环境对材料摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明:摩擦环境显著影响了Cu/石墨复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数在干摩擦时最小(0.15),海水中次之(0.29),去离子水中最大(0.46)。但是,其磨损率呈现不同的变化趋势,海水中磨损率最小(7.09×10^(-14)m^(3)/N·m),干摩擦次之(1.09×10^(-13)m^(3)/N·m),去离子水中最大(5.37×10^(-13)m^(3)/N·m)。与去离子水中摩擦相比,干摩擦与海水时材料磨损表面形成了润滑膜,显著减小了Cu/石墨复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损率;在去离子水环境摩擦时,材料磨损表面难以成膜,从而其摩擦系数与磨损率明显较大。

掺杂Ti对Ni基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

目的通过在NiCr-WS2自润滑体系中掺杂纳米Ti,提升自润滑复合材料在不同环境中的摩擦学性能。方法通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了NiCr(N)、NiCr-WS2(NW)、NiCr-WS2-Ti(NW15T)3种复合材料。采用SEM和EDS分析了复合材料的微观性能。通过摩擦磨损试验机分别测试了3种材料在干摩擦、去离子水和3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦学性能,并借助RAMAN分析磨痕的化学成分。结果在干摩擦条件下,NW15T的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.38和4.2×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)。相较于传统的NW,NW15T的摩擦因数和磨损率分别降低了22.4%和83.7%;当在去离子水中摩擦时,虽然NW15T也具有较好的摩擦学性能,但是与NW相比优势不明显;在3.5%NaCl溶液中摩擦时,NW15T产生的腐蚀产物避免了摩擦副的直接接触,并使摩擦因数降低至0.16,磨损量降低为0.4×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)。与NW相比,NW15T在3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦因数和磨损率分别降低了38.5%和81.8%。结论在NW传统自润滑复合材料体系中掺入Ti,原位生成了TiS和Ni3Ti,不仅提高了材料的力学性能,同时提高了复合材料在不同环境下的摩擦学性能。尤其是在NaCl溶液中,在TiS和腐蚀产物的共同作用下,NW15T的摩擦因数和磨损率大幅下降。

生物摩擦学与环境友好摩擦学的研究进展

本文主要综述了生物材料、生物体及环境友好摩擦学问题以及表面工程的研究现状 ,并从生物材料、人工植入器械、绿色润滑、摩擦噪音出发 ,探讨了其失效机制、延寿或改进措施等 ,在此基础上 。

AZ31B镁合金水环境搅拌摩擦焊接研究

对比研究了AZ31B镁合金空气环境搅拌摩擦焊接(Friction Stir Welding,FSW)和水环境搅拌摩擦焊接(Submerged Friction Stir Welding,SFSW)接头的微观组织与力学性能。结果表明:SFSW接头焊核区为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。随着焊接速度的增大,焊核区晶粒尺寸增大,显微硬度值降低。FSW接头表层处的显微组织比中心处粗大,且分布不均匀;而SFSW接头表层处的显微组织比中心处明显细小。FSW接头的表层硬度值低于中心处的硬度;而SFSW接头的表层硬度值高于中心处的硬度。当旋转速度为950r·min-1、焊接速度为75mm·min-1时,SFSW接头的抗拉强度值达到最大,为母材强度的72%,拉伸断口表现为解理断裂特征。

SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

In this paper, the observational data from Marine and Meteorological Observation Platform （MMOP） at Bohe, Maoming and buoys located in Shanwei and Maoming are used to study the characteristics of air-sea temperature and specific humidity difference and the relationship between wind and wave with the tropical cyclones over the South China Sea （SCS）. The heat and momentum fluxes from eddy covariance measurement （EC） are compared with these fluxes calculated by the COARE 3.0 algorithm for Typhoon Koppu. The results show that at the developing and weakening stages of Koppu, both these differences between the sea surface and the near-surface atmosphere from the MMOP are negative, and data from the buoys also indicate that the differences are negative between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere on the right rear portion of tropical cyclones （TCs） Molave and Chanthu. However, the differences are positive on the left fi＇ont portion of Molave and Chanthu. These positive differences suggest that the heat flux is transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere, thus intensifying and maintaining the two TCs. The negative differences indicate that the ocean removes heat fluxes from the atmosphere, thus weakening the TCs. The wind-wave curves of TCs Molave and Chanthu show that significant wave height increases linearly with 2-min wind speed at 10-m height when the wind speed is less than 25 m/s, but when the wind speed is greater than 25 m/s, the significant wave height increases slightly with the wind speed. By comparing the observed sensible heat, latent heat, and friction velocity from EC with these variables from COARE 3.0 algorithm, a great bias between the observed and calculated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes is revealed, and the observed friction velocity is found to be almost the same as the calculated friction velocity.

Authorization Administration in a Distributed Multi-application Environment

To meet the authorization administration requirements in a distributedcomputer network environment, this paper extends the role-based access control model with multipleapplication dimensions and establishes a new access control model ED-RBAC(Extended Role Based AccessControl Model) for the distributed environment. We propose an extendable hierarchical authorizationassignment framework and design effective role-registeringi role-applying and role-assigningprotocol with symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic systems. The model can be used to simplifyauthorization administration in a distributed environment with multiple applications.

Wear Properties of Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr Alloys under Different Atmospheres

The study examines the friction and wear properties of Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr alloys under varying gas conditions.The alloy was tested in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide using a controlled atmosphere wear tester.The study revealed that the wear environ‐mental embrittlement resulted from the diffusion of reactive atomic hydrogen into the interior of the Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V alloy.The addition of Zr elements decreased the proportion of Al elements on the surface of the Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr alloy and reduced the proportion of H atoms produced by the chemical reaction between atmospheric water vapour and Al elements.This inhibited the environmental embrittlement and improved the performance of the Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr alloy.The wear performance of Ni_(5)Zr alloy is superior to that of Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V.When exposed to air in an air environment,the surface of Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr alloy forms a protective Al_(2)O_(3) oxide film on the workpiece,result‐ing in a reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy.The wear mechanism of the alloy is mainly oxidation wear and abra‐sive wear.In an oxygen environment,the surface of the alloy generates a significant amount of Al_(2)O_(3) oxide film.The flaking of the oxide film leads to an increase in the friction coefficient and wear rate of the alloy.In a carbon dioxide environment,the surface of the alloy un‐dergoes severe deformation,and plough lines become apparent.This is accompanied by flaking Si_(3)N_(4) abrasive chips adhering to the sur‐face of the alloy,which intensifies the wear of the alloy.The primary wear mechanism is abrasive wear.Therefore,the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Ni_(3)Al-Ni_(3)V-Zr-Ni_(5)Zr alloy in the atmosphere are optimal.