明末士人对苏轼的追摹式书写 ——以武进郑鄤为中心

与明代前中期相比,明末士人的师法对象与创作情怀产生了较大变化,围绕苏轼产生的追摹式书写在明末士人文集中屡见不鲜。就武进郑鄤而言,苏轼及其衍生的丰富文化意义能够较高程度地与其精神需求、审美理念相呼应,又在人生体验的一致性上与其合拍。落实到具体创作环境中,追摹式书写的产生场合是丰富多样的,包括感时、悼亡、题咏、纪游、教习、切磋、送赠、劝慰、练笔、戏作等。通过摹神写意、次韵追和、借语用典等具体方式,创作主体能够较快地进入写作状态,且具有“取法乎上”的优势。但追摹式书写亦有其不足,过度模拟则易流于僵化雷同。通过分析明末士人围绕苏轼进行的追摹式书写,能够为明代苏轼接受研究提供新的样本。

The Rigidity of the Kernels of the Natural Morphisms between Toeplitz Algebras

Let (G, E) be a quasi-ordered group such that E∩E -1 is infinite, (G, G +) an ordered group with G +EG, and (G, G 1) the partially ordered group induced by (G, E).Let γ E, G + ∶T G + →T E and γ E, G 1 ∶T G 1 →T E be the corresponding natural morphisms between Toeplitz algebras. We prove that the kernel Ker γ E, G + is rigid,while Ker γ E, G 1 is equal to the compact-operator ideal on 2(G 1), and all Fredholm operators in the Toeplitz algebra T G 1 are of index zero.

TOEPLITZ ALGEBRAS ON DISCRETE GROUPS AND THEIR NATURAL MORPHISMS

Let G be a discrete group, E1 and E2 be two subsets of G with E1 () E2, and e ∈ E2. Denote by TE1 and TE2 the associated Toeplitz algebras. In this paper, it is proved that the natural morphism γE2,E1 from TE1 to TE2 exists as a C*-morphism if and only if E2 is finitely covariant-lifted by E1. Based on this necessary and sufficient condition, some applications are made.