机开沟免耕撒播油菜技术

1.免耕播种。趁土壤水份适中,首先在稻板田上,每亩按用种量150克(发芽率在85％以上),拌细土杂肥或泥砂25千克左右,分横、直两次均匀撒播。

播娘蒿油对果蝇和小鼠衰老影响的初步研究

播娘蒿 (Descurainiasophia)油的组成以油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等多不饱和脂肪酸为主 ,含有丰富的维生素E等天然生理活性物质 ,具有较高的营养价值和保健医疗作用 .研究表明 :小鼠抗氧化试验中过氧化脂质 (MDA)含量、抗氧化歧化酶 (SOD)活力的测定和果蝇生存试验的结果均为阳性 ,证明播娘蒿油具有延缓衰老的活性 .

冷冻结晶法和尿素包合法降低播娘蒿籽油中芥酸的研究

利用冷冻结晶法和尿素包合法分离播娘蒿籽油中的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,降低其中的芥酸。先冷冻结晶处理,再尿素包合可减少尿素用量,分离效果好,亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的收率高。实验结果表明,当V脂肪酸∶W尿素∶V甲醇为1∶2∶4时,样品中亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的总含量达到了95%,而芥酸的含量小于1%,亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的收率为83.3%。

播娘蒿籽油对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的探讨播娘蒿籽油对小鼠记忆获得障碍模型的影响。方法以跳台法和避暗法测试小鼠学习记忆的能力,用比色法测定小鼠脑组织胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性,用碱性羟胺法测定乙酰胆碱(Ach)含量。结果播娘蒿籽油可减少小鼠跳台和避暗错误次数,并能增加小鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性,同时降低脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性,有助于小鼠空间学习记忆能力的改善。结论播娘蒿籽油可以显著促进小鼠记忆。

沼渣在迟播杂交油菜信油2709上的施用效果

连续3年的试验结果表明,在迟播杂交油菜信油2709上施用沼渣能显著提高油菜幼苗素质,增强油菜抗寒、抗病和抗倒伏的能力,大多数油菜的经济性状得到明显改善,平均增产20.48%,经济效益十分显著。

台湾美化农村 提倡种植油菜

油菜在中国大陆是作为油料作物来栽培,而在台湾油菜却是冬季优良的绿肥与蜜源作物,它对改善土质,美化农村有很大碑益。 油菜既可翻耕充当有机肥,有利于改善水田土质,还由于油菜花呈黄色,花粉、花蜜极受蜜蜂喜爱,在其开花季节吸引许多蜜蜂、蝶类,是极好的保护生态的蜜源作物。台湾为改善日益贫瘠的土地,免费补助各县市农业局转发种子列各农会分发给农民,利用冬闲田撒播油菜绿肥。等到黄花遍野,

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and N Uptake of Late-sowing Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this work was to analyze the N fertilization on the vegetative growth and N uptake of different winter rapeseed varieties at wintering stage. [Method] In two consecutive years （2009-2011）, two winter rapeseed varieties （B. napus L.）, an early maturity variety Zhongyou 116 （ZY116） and a middle-late application maturity variety Zhongyouza 12 （ZYZ12） were employed. Field experiments with different N levels （0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N/hm 2 ） were designed. At the wintering stage, the dry matter weight, the nitrogen content and concentration of plants, leaf nitrate reductase activity （NRA） and seed yields were investigated. [Result] The shoot dry matter of ZY116 increased rapidly when N rate ranged from 0 to 180 kg/hm 2 , and it raised slightly when N rate ranged from 180 to 360 kg/hm 2 . The shoot dry matter of ZYZ12 were changed in a single peak curve; the peak of shoot dry matter appeared at 270 kg N/hm 2 . The N concentration and N content in shoot and root increased rapidly when the N rate changed from 90 to 180 kg/hm 2 . Moreover, the N concentration and N content root of in ZYZ12 were much higher than that of ZY116. Present study revealed that the changed trend of leaf nitrate reductase activities （NRA） were significantly increased at the N rate of 180 kg/hm 2 in ZY116 and ZYZ12 compared with the N rate of 90 kg/hm 2 in two years. [Conclusion] Optimal nitrogen application significantly increased the dry weights and N uptake at wintering stage as well as increasing the yield of winter oilseed rape.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF DESCURAINIA SOPHIA, AN OIL PLANT SPECIES FOR INDUSTRIAL USES

The authors had collected some cruciferous oil plants with high linolenic acid content in Sichuan Province. The result of fatty acid analysis had shown that Malcolmia africrma (L.) R. Br. and Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop, have a higher linolenic acid content of 57.37% and 51.38% respectively . Thus they are worthy for further study. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl, especially that collected from Hongyuan County, has a high seed oil content of 44.17% , a linolenic acid content of 40.9 % and a high seed yield of 1 264.5 kg/hm2 . It is suggested that this oil plant species can be introduced for industrial utilization.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Biological Traits and Physiological Indexes at Seedling Stage and Yield of Directly-sown Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different nitroge- napplication rates and application times on biological traits and physiological indexes of directly-sown rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） at the seedling stage and investigate the relationship between these biological traits or physiological indexes at the seedling stage and yield, so as to provide scientific theoretical support for high yield and efficient fertilization management in production of winter rapeseed. Field trials were conducted in Chengdu plain of Sichuan Province under rice-rapeseed rotation system during the period of 2011-2012. The nitrogen application rate trial consisted of five nitrogen levels （0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg/hm2） and the nitrogen application time trial included NTl（single application as base fertilized）, NT2 （bottom application ＋one time of topdressing at seedling stage） and NT3 （bottom application＋two times of topdressing at seedling stage） under the same nitrogen rate （225 kg/hm2）. The results indicated that compared with no nitrogen application （NO） treatment, the in- crease of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of biological traits including plant height, green leaf number, leaf area index and dry weight of rapeseed at the seedling stage, the improvement of physiological indexes including total nitrogen content, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of functional leaves, and the reduction of soluble sugar content. Nitrogen rate was linearly correlated with various biological traits at the seedling stage and physiological indexes including total nitro- gen content, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in functional leaves over- a/I, but in parabolic correlation with soluble protein content. Under the same nitrogen rate, NT2 treatment exhibited biological traits remarkably or significantly higher than NT1 treatment and NT3 treatment. The nitrogen application times were linearly cor- related with the physiological indexes of functional leaves at the seedling stage. The various biological traits and physiological index of functional leaves at the seedlings stage were in quadratic function parabolic correlation with seed yield, and the corre- lation was significant （P〈0.05）. Therefore, under the rice-rapeseed rotation system in Chengdu plain, the economic rational nitrogen rate is 180-225 kg/hm2, and the mode of bottom application ＋ one time of topdressing （NT2） is suitable.

A Comparative Study on No-tillage Late DirectSowing Varieties of Brassica napus L. in Western Sichuan Plain

[Objective] There are continuous rainy days in Western Sichuan Plain in autumn. In order to avoid the impact of wet injury in sowing period, new varieties of Brassica napus L. with low erucidic acid and glucosinolate content which are suitable for no-tillage late direct-sowing in Western Sichuan Plain were screened in this study. [Method] Ten major varieties of Brassica napus L. were screened by randomized block design and triplicated plot test with no-tillage late direct-sowing and straw mulching for comparative experiment. [Result] ‘Chuanyou 58＇, ‘Huayouza 10＇and ‘Ningza 11＇ have high yield（per unit area yield above 3 000 kg/hm2）, excellent comprehensive characters, short growth period, high resistance and high quality;‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ have high yield potential（per unit area yield above 2 775 kg/hm2）, high resistance, high quality and moderate growth period; other varieties have extremely significant yield reduction, poor comprehensive characters and low resistance compared with control. [Conclusion] Excellent varieties of Brassica napus L. in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River such as ‘Huayouza10＇, ‘Ningza 11＇, ‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ can be successfully introduced and applied for large-area cultivation in Western Sichuan Plain.

Effects of Key Agricultural Measures of Mechanized Direct Seeding Technology on Rapeseed Yield in Chengdu Plain

Mechanized direct sowing of rapeseed is a labor-saving and highly-efficient culture technique. In order to explore high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for Chengdu Plain, effects of several key agronomic measures＇, such as sowing date, density and N fertilizers, on development and yield formation were studied by strip and split plot experiment of three factors. The research showed that optimal condi- tions for direct seeding technology can be achieved provided with scientific sowing date, density and appropriate N fertilizers, and the research showed that rapeseed yield reached the peak at 320 g/m2, when sowing date was on September 3th, sow- ing density was 30 plant/m2, and nitrogen fertilizer was 27 g/m2.

Comparison of Benefits from Different Planting Models of Ningza No.21

Ningza No.21, a new hybrid rapeseed cultivar, was used as the test mate-rial in this study. The common planting models in large-scale production （3 trans-planting models and 2 direct-seeding models） were adopted. Based on the high-yield cultivation, the yield and economic benefits of different planting models were investi-gated. ln addition, the labor costs, agricultural production materials costs and agri-cultural machinery costs of different planting model were analyzed to explore the low-costs and high-economic benefits planting model. The results showed the yields of the 5 planting models were al relatively high with average yield of 3 282.30 kg/hm2, ranging from 2 899.50 to 3 642.00 kg/hm2. Although the average yield and output value of transplanting models were higher than that of direct-seedling models by 429.25 kg/hm2 and 2 189.18 yuan/hm2 respectively, the production costs of trans-planting models were higher than that of direct-seedling model by 2 098.81 yuan/hm2 and the economic benefits were basical y equal. Among the costs of rapeseed pro-duction, the labor costs accounted for more than 60%. ln the labor costs, the har-vesting labor costs represented about 50%. Therefore, under current production con-ditions, the direct seeding and mechanized harvesting should be adopted in the rapeseed production to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.

Improved BP Neural Network for Transformer Fault Diagnosis

The back propagation (BP)-based artificial neural nets (ANN) can identify complicated relationships among dissolved gas contents in transformer oil and corresponding fault types, using the highly nonlinear mapping nature of the neural nets. An efficient BP-ALM (BP with Adaptive Learning Rate and Momentum coefficient) algorithm is proposed to reduce the training time and avoid being trapped into local minima, where the learning rate and the momentum coefficient are altered at iterations. We developed a system of transformer fault diagnosis based on Dissolved Gases Analysis (DGA) with a BP-ALM algorithm. Training patterns were selected from the results of a Refined Three-Ratio method (RTR). Test results show that the system has a better ability of quick learning and global convergence than other methods and a superior performance in fault diagnosis compared to convectional BP-based neural networks and RTR.

Study on Direct Seeding Density of Brassica napus

The statistical analysis of 97 literatures shows that there is a quadratic parabolic relationship between direct seeding density and yield of rape： Y = 2 213,058 9 ＋ 14,556 9 X- 0.145 5 X2. The optimum density is 3.413 × 10^5 - 5,001 × 10 ^5 plants/hm2. Compared with conventional rape, hybrid rape has higher yield （by 3.71%） and lower density （by 4,97%）, To obtain a high yield, conventional rape （or lines） needs to be planted more densely compared with hybrid rape,

Soybean Production & Trade in China——Implicated Impacts of GMO Regulation on Soybean Market

This paper provides an overview of the economic analysis,policy debate,and methodological issues on soybean production, import and export, and impacts of GMO regulation on soybean foreign trade of China. The paper analyzes China’s soybean production capability and discovers that the present yield of China’s soybean plant system cannot satisfy the domestic demand.The paperalso provides the method to solve such matters by using the result of a modified Cobb-Douglas model. In the third section of this paper, the impacts of GMO regulation on soybean trade and marketin China are analyzed.In this section,we provide a methodological issue to analyze the impacts of such regulation on trade.The paper then explains the implicated result induced by such regulations.

Study of LPG Release & Dispersion Model

The current applicable release & dispersion models are reviewed. A typical model is developed on the basis of LPG storage conditions in China and the authors' research. The study is focused on the relationship between LPG composition and release rate, and on the influence of buildings or structures located in the surrounding area on the dispersion of gas plume. The established model is compared with existing models by the use of published field test data.

Safflower Evaluation under Contrasted Environment Conditions and Selection of Promising Genotypes

Development of stable crops cultivars adapted to environmental constraints is very important for food security. Safflower, an oilseed crop which tolerates environmental abiotic stresses, is suitable for marginal lands relatively dry and deprived from fertilizer inputs or irrigation. A set of Moroccan and introduced cultivars as well as international accessions were conducted at Oujda （Eastern of Morocco） during 2009-2010 for late and conventional sowing under two water regimes, in a field experiment using a completely randomized design, with three replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and contrasting environment on safflower behavior and to select genotypes with large adaptation to the contrasted environmental conditions. Morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the stress susceptibility index （SSI）, were recorded in this study. Results showed significant effect of genotype, year （sowing time）, water regime and their interaction on most of the studied parameters. Late sowing and drought affected negatively all the parameters except seed oil which lightly increased under drought stress. Number of heads per plant （NHP） had the strongest association with seed yield under both drought and non-drought conditions, and hence could be taken as selection criterion for safflower seed yield improvement. Five accessions showed the highest overall mean seed yield （~ 1,000 kg/ha） and four accessions exhibited the highest overall mean seed oil content （〉 310 g/kg）. For late sowing, the accessions P1262421 and PI537604 produced the highest seed yield （〉 800 kg/ha） and the highest seed oil content （〉 290 g/kg）. For conventional sowing, the accessions PI250076 and PI250523 were the most performant, with a seed yield 〉 1,300 kg/ha and a seed oil content 〉 330 g/kg. Based on their mean productivity across environments, their SSI and their MDA, P1271073 and P1250076 could be selected and used as promising germplasm in safflower breeding program in Morocco as well as other dry areas throughout the world.

Near-surface absorption compensation technology and its application in the Daqing Oilfields

High-frequency seismic data components can be seriously attenuated during seismic wave propagation in unconsolidated （low-velocity） layers, resulting in reduced seismic resolution and signal-to-noise （S/N） ratio. In this paper, first, based on Wiener filter theory, inverse filter calculations for near-surface absorption attenuation compensation were accomplished by analysis of the direct wave spectral components from different distances near the surface. The direct waves were generated by detonators in uphole shots and were acquired by receivers on the surface. The spatially varying inverse filters were designed to compensate for the frequency attenuation of 3D pre-stack CRG （common receiver-gather） data. After applying the filter to CRG data, the high frequency components were compensated with the low frequencies maintained. The seismic resolution and S/N ratio are enhanced and match better with synthetic seismograms and better meet the needs of geological interpretation.