用于设备操控件布局设计的人体静态姿势评价准则

根据人体肌肉硬度与肌肉舒适度具有因果关系的生理学特性,进行了由一组志愿者参与的、旨在研究操控件不同布局设计下人体静态姿势对肌肉硬度影响的试验。利用肌肉硬度仪测量了一组受试者在不同静态操作姿势下人体各相关肌肉硬度的变化情况,得到不同姿势下肌肉硬度的变化规律。通过对试验测得的肌肉硬度数据进行归一化处理并依据相关肌肉横断面积进行加权计算,给出肌肉舒适指数的概念;针对人体上身2自由度、3自由度关节动作情况,分别给出综合肌肉舒适指数的计算方法;最终提出了基于肌肉硬度试验数据的人体舒适度评价准则(Assessment system based on muscle hardness experiments,ASMH)。通过与工程中广泛采用的快速上肢评价准则(Rapid upper limb assessment,RULA)对比可知,此评价准则的准确度和适用性有所提高,评分值范围增加为1至12,评价等级增加至六个等级,更适合于操控件布局设计的人机工程学优化设计。

基于交互理念的消防车优化设计

随着5G物联时代的到来,“互联网+”逐步融入社会各界。高层建筑大量涌现,它复杂的结构给火灾防控与救援带来一定的挑战。文章从操控面板的交互模式与高层火灾的扑灭方式进行梳理,探索“互联网+”在消防行业中的应用,优化现有消防车的功能。调研显示,发达国家陆续开发出具备探测能力的创新型消防车,但国内消防车的研发仍处于初始阶段。因此,研究对消防车进行改良设计,替换侧面模块化操控面板为一体化的交互屏幕,建立协调性较强的可视化交互模式。同时,增加多架无人机携灭火弹等装置辅助灭火、探测火情,利用红外热成像原理,结合机器视觉技术进行图像分析,更准确地定位着火点,一定程度上解决了高层的灭火问题,促进了传统消防向智慧消防的转型。

基于机器视觉的柱形表面缺陷算法设计

本文主要介绍了机器视觉技术的原理和利用Visual C++6.0的MFC基本编程库函数进行操控界面设计和图像算法设计。通过MFC库函数进行上位机的操控界面设计,并且利用Visual C++6.0的CImg类库函数进行柱形表面缺陷检测算法设计,着重分析了图像预处理、图像平滑滤波、图像锐化和边缘检测;最后提取特征对象,计算柱形表面缺陷像素区域面积大小。

Design of motion control of dam safety inspection underwater vehicle

Plenty of dams in China are in danger while there are few effective methods for underwater dam inspections of hidden problems such as conduits,cracks and inanitions.The dam safety inspection remotely operated vehicle(DSIROV) is designed to solve these problems which can be equipped with many advanced sensors such as acoustical,optical and electrical sensors for underwater dam inspection.A least-square parameter estimation method is utilized to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of DSIROV,and a four degree-of-freedom(DOF) simulation system is constructed.The architecture of DSIROV's motion control system is introduced,which includes hardware and software structures.The hardware based on PC104 BUS,uses AMD ELAN520 as the controller's embedded CPU and all control modules work in VxWorks real-time operating system.Information flow of the motion system of DSIROV,automatic control of dam scanning and dead-reckoning algorithm for navigation are also discussed.The reliability of DSIROV's control system can be verified and the control system can fulfill the motion control mission because embankment checking can be demonstrated by the lake trials.

颠覆传统——通用AUTOnomy（自主魔力）燃料电池概念车（2）

简化生产,自主定制通用AUTOnomy(自主魔力)燃料电池概念车中所有的关键系统都被非常整齐地安装在外观形状酷似滑板的底盘上。AU-TOnomy燃料电池概念车的这—'滑板式'底盘设计使得制造和维护过程大大简化。同时,这样的技术还能够让更多的汽车在更少的平台上进行生产。

Williams-Otto Plant Control Based on Production Planning Associated to Coordinated Decentralized Optimization and Plantwide Control Techniques

Manufacturing plants are increasingly complex and integrated, requiring control systems able to identify the interactions between the various operating units. Production planning and control design of a process are tools that, if combined, bring many economic benefits to the processes since they aim to identify and maintain optimal decision operations to a system. This work uses such integration between production planning and plantwide control to propose a control system for the Williams-Otto plant from the definition of the operating optimal point for coordinated decentralized optimization, in which the original optimization problem decomposition into smaller coordinated problems ensure that the found local optimum also meets the requirements of the global system. The results for decentralized optimization are satisfactory and very similar to the global optimum problem and to the control system response proposed based on the optimal obtained. It is effective taking smooth actions, working with （economic） optimal set points （economically） of operation. The unification of production planning techniques and plantwide control techniques is an effective tool for the control system design for entire plants.

Mixture steering law design for control moment gyroscopes

Focusing on the singularities of a spacecraft using control moment gyros(CMGs)to do the large angle maneuvers,a new mixture steering law is proposed to avoid the singularities.According to this method,if the CMGs are far away from the singularity,the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse steering law(MP)is used directly.If the CMGs are close to the singularity,instead of solving the inverse matrix,a set of optimal gimbal angles are sought for the singular measurement to reach the maximum,which can avoid the singularities.Simulations show that the designed steering law enables the spacecraft to carry out the large angle maneuver and avoid the singularities simultaneously.

A look at field manipulation and antenna design using 3D transformation electromagnetics and 2D surface electromagnetics

While many techniques have been developed for the design of different types of antennas,such as wire antenna,patch antenna,lenses,and reflectors,these cannot be said general-purpose strategies for the synthesis and design of antennas to achieve the performance characteristics specified by users.Recently,there has been an increasing need for the development of antenna design techniques because of the advent of 5 G and a variety of space,defense,biological,and similar applications,for which a robust and general-purpose design tool is not to be developed.The main objective of this study is to take a look at antenna design from the field manipulation point of view,which has the potential to partially fulfill this need.We review the existing field manipulation techniques,including field transformation methods based on Maxwell’s and wave equations,point out some limitations of these techniques,and then present ways to improve the performance of these methods.Next,we introduce an alternative approach for field manipulation based on two-dimensional(2 D)metasurfaces,and present laws of the generalized reflection and refraction that are based on 2 D surface electromagnetics.Then,we explore how to overcome the limitations of conventional reflection and refraction processes that are strictly bounded by the critical angle.Finally,we provide some application examples of field manipulation methods in the antenna design,with a view on developing a general-purpose strategy for antenna design for future communication.