攀西矿区典型重金属污染土壤化学-微生物联合修复技术探索

本研究以攀西矿区典型重金属污染土壤为研究对象,以硫酸盐还原菌为修复微生物,以低分子有机酸为络合剂,开展了化学-微生物联合修复技术探索,通过测定OD_(600)、FeS生成量、土壤理化性质、重金属形态等重要参数,综合研究了化学-微生物联合修复技术对重金属污染土壤修复效果。研究结果显示:硫酸盐还原菌对镉、铅均有良好的钝化还原效果,对Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的去除率可达94.8%、93.9%;柠檬酸和苹果酸与硫酸盐还原菌更相匹配,其可作为硫酸盐还原菌的良好碳源,亦可作为重金属络合剂;化学-微生物联合修复对土壤重金属镉、铅能起到一定的钝化效果,镉的交换态占比最大降低了60.7%,铅的铁锰结合态最大降低了25.9%,同时有助于土壤肥效的提高。通过本文研究表明,化学-微生物联合修复能够降低土壤重金属活性,对土壤重金属能起到一定的稳定化效果。

基于综合指数法的矿山地质环境评价——以攀西矿区为例

以GIS空间数据处理为平台,在层次分析法的基础上对攀西矿区的矿山地质环境构建了评价指标体系,综合各评价指标所占权重对攀西矿区的地质环境作了评价分级,该评价分级结果反映出研究区的矿山地质环境状况并分析了问题原因,为攀西矿区的地质环境管理和恢复治理提供了依据。

四川攀西红格矿区辉长岩和正长岩的SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年及其地质意义

用SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年技术,对攀西红格矿区含矿层状辉长岩、碱性正长岩进行了年龄测定。获得红格辉长岩中3种不同晶形锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为258.4±4.1Ma、1841±34Ma、2487±12Ma,由辉长岩、辉石和磷灰石所构成的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为253±14Ma;碱性正长岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为257.2±1.5Ma。结果表明,红格辉长岩中具有典型基性岩锆石特征的锆石U-Pb年龄(258Ma)与同一地质样品的Sm-Nd年龄(全岩+矿物内部等时线年龄),以及同一矿区的正长岩锆石U-Pb年龄在测定误差范围内一致。鉴于层状辉长岩和碱性正长岩在空间上密切共生,在形成时间上一致,可以认为它们都属于晚二叠世末岩浆活动的产物;而1841Ma和2487Ma的锆石,可能是在基性-超基性岩浆的上侵过程中,从基底所捕获的岩浆锆石和继承锆石,其年龄信息,揭示了康滇地轴岩浆岩带的下部或结晶基底存在元古代甚至新太古代末期的岩石或物质。

灯光遥感数据在监测建设范围扩张及其影响因素相关性研究中的应用

准确了解区域人类建设扩张动态对于评估生态环境和社会影响不可或缺。基于DMSP/OLS、Landsat等多源遥感数据,采用阈值分割法提取2000—2013年攀西矿区的人类建设活动范围,并结合分形理论研究其动态变化特征,最后采用回归分析法研究其影响因素。结果表明,灯光遥感数据能够较好地提取人类建设活动范围,且分形维数总体呈现出先增加后稳定的变化趋势;灯光遥感数据的像元亮度与人口数量、矿山开采面积及经济等影响因素具有不同程度的相关性。研究结果将为优化土地利用模式,制定人口、经济等政策提供科学依据。

Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation,composed mainly of limestone,or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation,composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks.It remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxide.Volatiles and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite,apatite,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ores.Volatiles released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2,whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O,CO 2 and H 2.At 800-1200°C temperature interval,the average 13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average 18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰,which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members,indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions formed.At 400-800 C temperature interval,both 13 C values(13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and 18 O values(16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200 C temperature interval,and much closer to the values of the wall rocks.Abundant H 2 O released at the 400-800 C temperature interval has relatively low D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰,also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall rocks.The average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge,Baima,and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891,2996,and 1568 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,much higher than those released from other minerals in total,which are 382,600,and 379 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,indicating that magnetite crystallized from magmas with much more volatiles than other minerals.This can be interpreted as that crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in the early fractionation of magmas resulted in volatiles such as H 2 O that were eventually enriched in the residual magmas and,at the same time,fluids from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas and were trapped in magnetite,which crystallized later than clinopyroxene and plagioclase.