Three cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were presented.The characteristic clinical features were described with review of literature.In comparison with bronchogenic carcinoma, the leiomyosarcoma has some characteristi...Three cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were presented.The characteristic clinical features were described with review of literature.In comparison with bronchogenic carcinoma, the leiomyosarcoma has some characteristics:1) On chest X-ray,it usually appears as a sharply demarcated, even density round mass,growing rapidly within the lung, it rarely accompanies with hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastasis.2) The preoperative cytological or pathological diagnosis is difficult either by sputum smear or by bronchoscopic biopsy or by fine needle percutaneous aspiration biopsy.31 Pathological differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of lung from anaplastic lung cancer is difficult.In conclusion,the primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor,detecting the present illness seriously,paying attention to the chest X-ray films characterize,early surgical resection is the only way to get diagnosis and effective treatment method.展开更多
A 2-dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of V(G)\D has at least two neighbors in D.A total outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that ...A 2-dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of V(G)\D has at least two neighbors in D.A total outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G has a neighbor in D,and the set V(G)\D is independent.The 2-domination(total outer-independent domination,respectively)number of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a 2-dominating(total outer-independent dominating,respectively)set of G.We investigate the ratio between2-domination and total outer-independent domination numbers of trees.展开更多
文摘Three cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were presented.The characteristic clinical features were described with review of literature.In comparison with bronchogenic carcinoma, the leiomyosarcoma has some characteristics:1) On chest X-ray,it usually appears as a sharply demarcated, even density round mass,growing rapidly within the lung, it rarely accompanies with hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastasis.2) The preoperative cytological or pathological diagnosis is difficult either by sputum smear or by bronchoscopic biopsy or by fine needle percutaneous aspiration biopsy.31 Pathological differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of lung from anaplastic lung cancer is difficult.In conclusion,the primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor,detecting the present illness seriously,paying attention to the chest X-ray films characterize,early surgical resection is the only way to get diagnosis and effective treatment method.
基金the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grand IP/2012/038972
文摘A 2-dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of V(G)\D has at least two neighbors in D.A total outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G has a neighbor in D,and the set V(G)\D is independent.The 2-domination(total outer-independent domination,respectively)number of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a 2-dominating(total outer-independent dominating,respectively)set of G.We investigate the ratio between2-domination and total outer-independent domination numbers of trees.
