我国跨境资金流动监测:顺收顺差差距分析与预警视角

结合跨境资金流动的理论与操作层面分析框架,本文对影响顺收顺差差距的主要因素进行了分析,实证检验了这些因素对跨境资金流动的长期及短期影响。结果表明:货币因素,特别是价格方面因素如资金价格、汇率方面的因素,对外汇参与主体的成本与收益影响更直接与显著;对人民币的预期因素是缺口变化的主要原因;资产价格因素在目前资本管制下存在滞后期为一年左右的影响。通过对顺收顺差差距进行预警,本文认为,要合理引导升值(贬值)预期,以缓解升值压力造成的热钱流入(出),规避违规操作风险,并加强对宏观经济的研判。

我国行业收入差距的测度指标体系构建初探

本文选取了行业收入差距的主要影响因素,对行业收入差距的测度指标体系进行了理论探讨,初步构建了行业收入差距测度指标体系,并对各项指标的含义进行了解释和说明。

多元化:社会主义初级阶段的个人收入分配格局

论文根据马克思主义关于生产关系决定分配关系的原理，具体分析了我国现阶段与多元化所有制主体相适应的分配关系也是多元的，即以按劳分配为主体的多种分配方式并存的分配制度。论文还对当前个人你收入分配上的差距提出看法和建议。

“以市场换技术”辨析

“以市场换技术”是我国十几年前刚开始对外开放时就提出来的一个战略性设想。至今这一提法仍然存在重要意义,它仍然是我国开放国内市场、大量引进外商直接投资的一个理论依据。人们认为,既然要推进四化,必然要从国外引进技术,而要引进技术则要付出“代价”,故难免在不少场合下须让出部分市场给外商。事实上,在一个不断提高开放程度的经济体中。

试论邓小平的共同富裕思想及其伟大意义

邓小平的共同富裕思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分。这种共同富裕思想反映着深刻的时代主题和把握着鲜明的时代特征,其具体内容是多元的、极为丰富的。正确理解和科学把握共同富裕的思想具有极其重大的理论意义和现实意义。

需求能力不足的根源及其对策

居民收入分配差距拉大 ,农民收入增长速度减缓 ,城市存在大量下岗职工都形成有效需求能力不足。提高农民收入 ,建立和完善社会保障制度是解决收入分配差距过大、需求能力不足的主要对策。

A New Approach to Measurement of Regional Inequality in Particular Directions

Regional inequality is a core issue in geography,and it can be measured by several approaches and indexes.However,the global inequality measures can not reflect regional characteristics in terms of spatiality and non-mobility,as well as correctly explore regional inequality in particular directions.Although conventional between-group inequality indexes can measure the inequality in particular directions,they can not reflect the reversals of regional patterns and changes of within-group patterns.Therefore,we set forth a new approach to measure regional inequality in particular directions,which is applicable to geographic field.Based on grouping,we established a new index to measure regional inequality in particular directions named Particular Direction Inequality index(PDI index),which is comprised of between-group inequality of all data and between-group average gap.It can reflect regional spatiality and non-mobility,judge the main direction of regional inequality,and capture the changes and reversals of regional patterns.We used the PDI index to measure the changes of regional inequality from 1952 to 2009 in China.The results show that:1) the main direction of China's regional inequality was between coastal areas and inland areas;the increasing extent of inequality between coastal areas and inland areas was higher than the global inequality;2) the PDI index can measure the between-region average gap,and is more sensitive to evolution of within-region patterns;3) the inequality between the northern China and the southern China has been decreasing from 1952 to 2009 and was reversed in 1994 and 1995.

Four Decades of China's Income Distribution Reform

Income gaps in China kept widening over the past four decades of economic transition. First, this paper describes the change in income gaps before and after reform and opening-up in 1978 and found that income gaps had been expanding between urban and rural areas, within cities and within the countryside. However, this did not lead to income polarization since low-income groups only had a slower income growth compared with highincome groups. The number of poor people continuously reduced thanks to rapid economic growth. Over the past decade, the widening of income gaps has been initially curbed. Accordingly, we explained the impact of economic transition on income distribution from the perspectives of market-based distribution, ownership structure, opening-up and internal income distribution. Lastly, this paper provides an in-depth analysis on urban-rural income gaps, excessive compensation in monopolistic sectors and income inequalities arising from corruption. To address these problems, it is important to enhance tax regulation, increase transfer payments to poor people, improve social security, equalize public services, enhance poverty relief and develop a fairer income distribution system.

Preliminary Study on Effects of the Model of Community-supported Agriculture(CSA) on Urban-rural Income Gap in China

The urban-rural income gap is widening,which has become a bottleneck restricting China＇s economic and social development.It is the current outstanding problems in the harmonious development of the society.Community Supported Agriculture（CSA） is one of the most important forms of sustainable agriculture and it has received the attention in recent years.This paper first introduces the rise and development of CSA in China,and discuss the impact of CSA on urban-rural income gap in China preliminarily in order to provide ideas for improving the farmers＇ income and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Demolition technique of high thin-wall hyperbolic reinforced concrete cool tower by directional controlled blasting

Based on blasting demolition of high thin-wall hyperbolic reinforced concrete cool tower, by virtue of engineering practice of blasting the tube concrete structures, the analysis and research were made on the mechanism of cool tower collapse through selecting blasting parameters and selecting gap form, gap size and gap angle. The cool tower was twisted, collapsed directionally and broken well according to the design requirements. The expected results and purposes of blasting were obtained with no back blow, total blasted pile approximates to 4 - 5 m, no occurrence of flying stones and no damage to fixed buildings and equipment, the large-sized hyperbolic thin-wall reinforced concrete cool towers are twisted during blasting and it collapses well with good breaking. The test and measurement of blasting vibrating velocity was carried out during blasting and the measuring results are much less than critical values specified by Safety Regulations for Blasting. The study shows that gap form, gap size and gap angle are the key factors to cool tower collapse and will give beneficial references to related theoretical study and field application.

The Internal Logic Between the Inclusive Financial System Development and Poverty Reduction

This paper introduces the origin of Inclusive Financial System, summarizes the basic theories and views on inclusive financial system development and poverty reduction from experts and scholars at home and abroad. The paper establishes a theoretical analysis framework which impacts poor family income gap by using exponential smoothing method. The government should improve the credit market in poverty- stricken area by the way of macro-management to establish inclusive financial system, to overcome the difficulty of poor farmers＇ credit, to make more poor families to obtain credit opportunities.

Globalization and Income Gap from the Perspective of Developing Countries

Using political economic theory, this paper analyzes the impact of economic globalization on international income distribution, including the income gap between developed countries and developing ones, the income gap among the developing countries. The paper states that because the economic globalization is the globalization of capitalism manufacture style and developed countries dominates the process, the income gap between developing countries and developed one is difficult to be narrowed, and the income gap in developing countries will enlarge.

The fable paradigm of the gender pay gap： Evidence from Portuguese private firms

This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.

Economic Growth and Anti-Poverty ii Rural China

Based on CHIP （Chinese household income project） survey data, this paper estimated the changes of absolute poverty and income disparity for the period of 1988-2002, as well as the impact of income growth and changes in income distribution on poverty reduction in rural China. The results show that absolute rural poverty fell sharply during this period, regardless of where the poverty line is set. Both the decomposition of poverty and the panel data analysis demonstrate that income growth causes a fall in poverty.

Economic Agglomeration Should Not Be Blamed for Widening Income Gaps in China

Agglomeration of economic activities is a common phenomenon across the world. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that agglomeration promotes dynamic efficiency, which in turn is conducive to the long-term prosperity of a country＇s economy. Compared with most countries, in China is very low, and Chinese cities the spatial concentration of various industries are relatively small and equal-sized. Thus, it is unnecessary to contain the agglomeration of economic activities in China. Widening regional gaps since pro-market reforms and opening-up in China should be ascribed to institutional barriers rather than agglomeration. Therefore, China should refrain from containing agglomeration and instead focus on integrating product and factor markets and improving education and health care in less developed areas.

Institutional Distance and CrossNational Income Gaps

ihis paper examines the root causes of current cross-national institutional difference from the perspective of national hetereogeneity and provides detailed explanations on the justification and effectiveness of using cross-national genetic distance as the instrumental variable （IV） of institutional difference. We combined 10,585 samples by pairing 146 countries and regions, created a cross-national institutional distance variable composed of 14 indicators from the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation in three aspects including differences of political system, economic system and institutional implementation attributes, and conducted a cross-section IV estimation for the long-term effect of institutional differences on cross-national income gaps using data between 1996 and 2010. Empirical results indicate that institutional difference has a long-term significant positive effect on cross-national income gaps and such an effect has a tendency to increase during sample period. With factors like human capital, geographical factor, language and religion under control, we still arrived at similar conclusions. The empirical results are demonstrated to be robust using different genetic distance measurement indicators and estimation methods.

Intrinsic Rationale of Functional Distribution and Quantitative Distribution--International Experience and Reference of Income Distribution

The issue of income distribution in the modern sense emerged with the creation of the capitalist mode of production-a process characterized by income gaps, at first widening, then narrowing, and widening once again. In the classical economic stage featuring dual economy, income distribution was dominated by capital due to scarce capital and cheap labor, which led to widening income gaps. Entering the neoclassical economic stage, income distribution was dominated by the game between capital and labor due to diminishing marginal return to capital and relatively scarce labor, which led to the growing share of labor compensation and narrowing income gaps. Yet since the 1970s, the deepening of financialization of capital has once again magnified the effect of capital-dominated income distribution, which, together with working class polarization, led to another round of widening income gaps. An observation of the long-term evolution of world economic development and income distribution gives us a clearer view on the intrinsic rationale of change in income distribution: The mode of production determines the mode of distribution and functional distribution shares intrinsic consistency with quantitative distribution.