The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An incr...The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors （TFRI and 2）, a ferrireductase （STEAP3）, the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 （DMT1） and ferroportin （FPN） as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFE and haemojuvelin （HJV）, which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.展开更多
The stability of porphyra-334 in solutions of different pH values at different temperatures was studied. In high acidic conditions, below pH 3, the absorption maximum, λ max, of porphyra-334 shows hypsochromic shift ...The stability of porphyra-334 in solutions of different pH values at different temperatures was studied. In high acidic conditions, below pH 3, the absorption maximum, λ max, of porphyra-334 shows hypsochromic shift towards lower wavelength and the absorbance also has a light decrease. In high alkaline conditions of over pH 12, the absorbance of porphyra-334 decreases and an unknown compound with a peak maximum at 225 nm appears. The peak height of the unknown compound increases with the decrease of absorbance of porphyra-334. This might be related to the decomposition of porphyra-334. At room temperature, porphyra-334 solutions, except high alkaline solutions, are stable. Increasing the temperature, especially higher than 60℃, promotes the decomposition of porphyra-334 and causes the absorbance decrease both in basic and acidic solutions.展开更多
AIM: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and compare with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Between November 2003 and January 2010...AIM: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and compare with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Between November 2003 and January 2010, 20 patients with gallbladder cancer were treated with CRT with or without chemotherapy after surgical resection. Preliminary survival data were collected and examined using both Kaplan-Meier and actuarial analysis. Demographic and treatment parameters were collected. All patients were planned to receive 46-56 Gy in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per fraction. CRT planning was compared with IMRT. RESULTS: The most common reported acute toxicities requiring medication (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 2) were nausea (10/20 patients) and diarrhea (3/20). There were no treatment-related deaths. Compared with CRT planning, IMRT significantly reduced the volume of right kidney receiving > 20 Gy and the volume of liver receiving > 30 Gy. IMRT has a negligible impact on the volume of left kidney receiving > 20 Gy. The 95% of prescribed dose for a planning tumor volume using either 3D CRT or IMRT planning were 84.0% ± 6.7%, 82.9% ± 6.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IMRT achieves similar excellent target coverage as compared with CRT planning, while reducing the mean liver dose and volume above threshold dose. IMRT offers better sparing of the right kidney compared with CRT planning, with a significantly lower mean dose and volume above threshold dose.展开更多
K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi in 2003 proved the strong convergence theorems for nonex-pansive mappings, nonexpansive semigroups, and proximal point algorithm for zero point of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces by usi...K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi in 2003 proved the strong convergence theorems for nonex-pansive mappings, nonexpansive semigroups, and proximal point algorithm for zero point of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces by using the hybrid method in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to modify the hybrid iteration method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi through the monotone hybrid method, and to prove strong convergence theorems. The convergence rate of iteration process of the monotone hybrid method is faster than that of the iteration process of the hybrid method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi. In the proofs in this article, Cauchy sequence method is used to avoid the use of the demiclosedness principle and Opial＇s condition.展开更多
In this paper,a decentralized iterative learning control strategy is embedded into theprocedure of hierarchical steady-state optimization for a class of linear large-scale industrial processeswhich consists of a numbe...In this paper,a decentralized iterative learning control strategy is embedded into theprocedure of hierarchical steady-state optimization for a class of linear large-scale industrial processeswhich consists of a number of subsystems.The task of the learning controller for each subsystem is toiteratively generate a sequence of upgraded control inputs to take responsibilities of a sequential stepfunctional control signals with distinct scales which are determined by the local decision-making units inthe two-layer hierarchical steady-state optimization processing.The objective of the designated strategyis to consecutively improve the transient performance of the system.By means of the generalized Younginequality of convolution integral,the convergence of the learning algorithm is analyzed in the sense ofLebesgue-p norm.It is shown that the inherent feature of system such as the multi-dimensionality andthe interaction may influence the convergence of the non-repetitive learning rule.Numerical simulationsillustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the validity of the conclusion.展开更多
基金The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
文摘The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors （TFRI and 2）, a ferrireductase （STEAP3）, the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 （DMT1） and ferroportin （FPN） as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFE and haemojuvelin （HJV）, which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.04-2-JZ-110).
文摘The stability of porphyra-334 in solutions of different pH values at different temperatures was studied. In high acidic conditions, below pH 3, the absorption maximum, λ max, of porphyra-334 shows hypsochromic shift towards lower wavelength and the absorbance also has a light decrease. In high alkaline conditions of over pH 12, the absorbance of porphyra-334 decreases and an unknown compound with a peak maximum at 225 nm appears. The peak height of the unknown compound increases with the decrease of absorbance of porphyra-334. This might be related to the decomposition of porphyra-334. At room temperature, porphyra-334 solutions, except high alkaline solutions, are stable. Increasing the temperature, especially higher than 60℃, promotes the decomposition of porphyra-334 and causes the absorbance decrease both in basic and acidic solutions.
文摘AIM: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and compare with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Between November 2003 and January 2010, 20 patients with gallbladder cancer were treated with CRT with or without chemotherapy after surgical resection. Preliminary survival data were collected and examined using both Kaplan-Meier and actuarial analysis. Demographic and treatment parameters were collected. All patients were planned to receive 46-56 Gy in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per fraction. CRT planning was compared with IMRT. RESULTS: The most common reported acute toxicities requiring medication (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 2) were nausea (10/20 patients) and diarrhea (3/20). There were no treatment-related deaths. Compared with CRT planning, IMRT significantly reduced the volume of right kidney receiving > 20 Gy and the volume of liver receiving > 30 Gy. IMRT has a negligible impact on the volume of left kidney receiving > 20 Gy. The 95% of prescribed dose for a planning tumor volume using either 3D CRT or IMRT planning were 84.0% ± 6.7%, 82.9% ± 6.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: IMRT achieves similar excellent target coverage as compared with CRT planning, while reducing the mean liver dose and volume above threshold dose. IMRT offers better sparing of the right kidney compared with CRT planning, with a significantly lower mean dose and volume above threshold dose.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10771050
文摘K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi in 2003 proved the strong convergence theorems for nonex-pansive mappings, nonexpansive semigroups, and proximal point algorithm for zero point of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces by using the hybrid method in mathematical programming. The purpose of this paper is to modify the hybrid iteration method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi through the monotone hybrid method, and to prove strong convergence theorems. The convergence rate of iteration process of the monotone hybrid method is faster than that of the iteration process of the hybrid method of K. Nakajo and W. Takahashi. In the proofs in this article, Cauchy sequence method is used to avoid the use of the demiclosedness principle and Opial＇s condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. F030101 60574021.
文摘In this paper,a decentralized iterative learning control strategy is embedded into theprocedure of hierarchical steady-state optimization for a class of linear large-scale industrial processeswhich consists of a number of subsystems.The task of the learning controller for each subsystem is toiteratively generate a sequence of upgraded control inputs to take responsibilities of a sequential stepfunctional control signals with distinct scales which are determined by the local decision-making units inthe two-layer hierarchical steady-state optimization processing.The objective of the designated strategyis to consecutively improve the transient performance of the system.By means of the generalized Younginequality of convolution integral,the convergence of the learning algorithm is analyzed in the sense ofLebesgue-p norm.It is shown that the inherent feature of system such as the multi-dimensionality andthe interaction may influence the convergence of the non-repetitive learning rule.Numerical simulationsillustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the validity of the conclusion.
