清代“收留迷失子女律”研究

收留迷失子女律源于汉唐时期的略人略卖人律,明朝时单独设立,并延续至清。该律条主要惩治收留迷失或在逃之人、冒认良人或他人奴婢为自家奴婢、私自收养四岁以上遗弃儿童、故意遗弃子女且待其成年又试图将其认回,以及出征官员兵丁携带逃失良民子女等犯罪行为。与略人略卖人律相比,收留迷失子女律惩治的人群更加多样,且多激情犯罪,两者在实际的司法案件中存在一定转换的可能。此外,清政府还建立了一整套详细的政务流程和奖惩机制用于解决收留迷失子女此类案件。研究收留迷失子女律,有利于深化对我国古代有关惩治人口犯罪法律体系的认识,可为加强社会主义法治建设提供借鉴。

清代收留迷失子女律与拐卖人口犯罪

"收留迷失子女"律是为了规范专制社会里因战乱、灾荒等原因而产生的迷失子女,其主要内容是打击那些为其他目的而将这些迷失的子女及奴婢收留的人。清代各级衙门为了保证国家安全和社会秩序的稳定,对这些迷失子女有专门救护办法,所以发现迷失人口,不予报官,私自收留,则是要受到处罚的。略人略卖人律是专门打击拐卖人口犯罪的律条,迷失子女又经常成为拐卖的对象,两律内容不同却相互联系,在一定条件下又相互转化。

基于TNR救助原则的流浪猫小型收留站设计初探

目前,我国社会所存在的饲养宠物数量日趋增加,导致流浪宠物数量泛滥的问题出现,并较为严重地给市民身心健康和公共安全构成了一定威胁。文章就流浪猫的成因、危害和设计探索进行了分析和综述,本着以人为本的立场,将基于捕获——绝育及医疗处置——放归(TNR)救助原则,为肩负社会责任对流浪猫的收留做出一些设计上的探索。

请收留奥菲利亚的第四个影子

2007年，我是在校内网上又看到当年的聂明飞的。他的脸上已没了往日的青涩棱角，他的笑容也没了从前的羞涩，他站在两个女生中间，手搭在她们肩膀上，嘴角扬起，笑得玩世不恭，像一个花花公子。

Effects of N, P and K on Output and Nutrient Cycle of Vegetables in Greenhouses

ObjectiveThe aim was to increase farmers’ income and reduce the waste of fertilizer by exploring effects of N, P and K fertilizations on vegetable yields and the accumulation of N, P and K in vegetable and soils. MethodThe fertilization tests were conducted on tomato, cauliflower and celery in greenhouses. ResultWhen N, P and K were not applied in tomato, cauliflower or celery, the yields reduced in 6.0%-13.8% and total annual income reduced by 39 220, 36 902 and 22 023 yuan/hm 2 respectively, suggesting that N, P and K are limiting factors of yield. The absorbed N amounts of tomato and cauliflower were higher compared with celery; the absorbed P amount of cauliflower was higher compared with tomato and celery; the absorbed K amount of tomato was the highest, followed by celery and cauliflower. The absorbed N in tomato fruit was lower than that of cauliflower and the absorbed N amount of other parts of tomato was also lower. Furthermore, the absorbed amounts of P and K by tomato and cauliflower fruits were higher than it absorbed by the other parts, especially the absorbed of K was significantly high. Total absorbed amounts of N, P and K from high to low were cauliflower, tomato and celery. After harvesting of tomato, cauliflower and celery, N, P and K in soils were all higher compared with soils before planting. Influenced by fertilizers, residual N content in soils grown with tomato and residual P content in soils grown with celery both doubled compared with base soils. Cauliflower plants were not applied with organic fertilizer, and residual N and K contents in soils were lower compared with tomato and celery. ConclusionResidual P content in soils is higher, which is a kind of waste and would cause pollution on soils. It is necessary to improve the proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers in fertilization.

Roadway layout for recycling residual coal pillar in room-and-pillar mining of thick coal seam

In the context of a room-and-pillar mining gob in Shanxi province in China,this paper numerically investigates the stress distribution and deformation rules of roadway surrounding rocks at various locations of residual coal pillars in room-and-pillar mining gobs using software FLAC3 D.It is found that the concentrated stress beneath coal pillars distributes in a shape of ellipse.A reasonable roadway layout is then proposed.In this design,it is indicated that roadways should be designed to avoid the supporting zones of pillars with increasing compression and take into account the roof falling and crushing in the upper gob.According to the surrounding rock deformation characteristics and mining roadway locations as well as the supporting principles of timely support,rock reinforcing,piecewise management and suiting local conditions,a new asymmetric shield supporting plan is proposed.The field surveying results show that this supporting plan can effectively control the roadway rock deformation,thus guarantee the safe and smooth construction of roadways.

The fate of ^(15)N-labeled nitrogen inputs to pot cultured beech seedlings

The partitioning of nitrogen deposition among forest soil （including forest floor）, leachate and above- and belowground biomass of pot cultured beech seedlings in comparison to non-cultured treatments were investigated by adding 1.92 g.m^-2 ^15N tracer in throughfall for two successive growing seasons at a greenhouse experiment. Ammonium and nitrate depositions were simulated on four treatments （cultured and non-cultured） and each treatment was labeled with either ^15N-NH4^＋ or ^15N-NO3^-. Total recovery rates of the applied ^15N in the whole system accounted for 74.9% to 67.3% after ^15N-NH4^＋ and 85.3% to 88.1% after ^15N-NO3^-in cultured and non-cultured treatments, respectively. The main sink for both ^15N tracers was the forest soil （including forest floor）, where 34.6% to 33.7% of ^15N-NH4^＋ and 13.1% to 9.0% of ^15N-NO3^-were found in cultured and non-cultured treatments, respectively, suggesting strong immobilization of both N forms by hetero- trophic microorganisms. Nitrogen immobilization by microorganisms in the forest soil （including forest floor） was three times higher when ^15N-NH4^＋ was applied compared to ^15N-NO3^-. The preferential heterotrophic use of ammonium resulted in a two times higher retention of deposited ^15N-NH4^＋ in the forest soil as compared to plants. In contrast, nitrate immobilization in the forest soil was lower compared to plants, although statistically it was not significantly different. In total the immobilization of ammonium in the plant-soil system was about 60% higher than nitrate, indicating the importance of the N-forms deposition for retention in forest ecosystems.

Factors Affecting Yield and Yield Components of Main and Ratoon Rice：A Review

Rice ratooning refers to the production of second crop from the stubble after the harvest of main crop. Main and ratoon rice growth and development are affected by different factors. These factors include varieties selection, water management,fertilizer management, stubble height, plant protection practices and external environmental factors such as temperature and light.In this review, we discussed the different factors affecting the yield and yield components of main and ratoon rice. Among these factors the most important and first one is varietal selection. Varieties should be selected according to the requirement of specific area and prefer varieties resistant to insects/pests and diseases. Sufficient amount of water and fertilizer should be supplied.Stubble height of 10-20 cm will resulted in high production of ratoon rice. Too low or too high temperature and light would reduce the grain yield and quality of rice. Optimal temperature is useful for higher yield. It was concluded that by keeping the management practices more efficiently, the yield of main rice as well as ratoon rice could be increased. There is a need of more studies focusing on improvement of the quality of ratoon rice.

A Methodology for Collection of Residential Construction Residue in Manaus

Civil construction is one of the largest consumers of raw materials and producers of waste, which has been causing environmental problems both through the extraction of raw materials and through building activity by generation of waste. Notwithstanding the need to find an optimum use for solid construction residue to try to solve or minimize this problem, there are no standards for the process of obtaining the CDR （construction and demolition residue）. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a method of collecting solid waste at the construction site that is easy and low-cost and thus can be applied throughout the construction industry. This collection method was designed to produce residue with the desired proprieties and obtain the best possible homogeneity. This method permitted to evaluate the factors generating construction residue more precisely.

DDT and Its Metabolites in Fresh Water Fish Samples

Twenty two fresh water fish samples namely Puntius sarana （Shawrputi）, Cyprinus carpio （Karp）, Oreochromis niloticos （Telapia）, Channa punctatus （Taki）, Wallogonia attu （Boal）, Eutropiichthys vacha （Bacha）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Ailia coila （Kajoli）, Mystus cavasisus（Gulsa）, Ompok pabda （Pabdha）, Corica soborna （Kachki）, Mystus vittatus （Tengra）, Glossogobius giuris （Baila）, Macrobrachium malcolmsli （Chingri）, Amblypharyngodon microlepis （Mola）, Anabas testudineus （Koi）, Macrognathus aculiatus （Baim）, Channa striatus （Shole）, Heteropnueste fossilis （Shing）, Puntius sophore （Small Puti） and Pseudambassis ranga （Telapia） were collected from two rivers and one cultured fish pond. The samples were extracted by QuEChERS method, cleaned up with conc. H2SO4 treatment and cleaned extracts were analyzed by GC-ECD. Small size cultured rui fish sample which did show detectable amount of DDT and its metabohtes was used for the recovery experiments. Percent recovery was found to be in the range of 70%-113%. Amount of total DDTs were found to be 54.34, 48.81, 62.09, 54.72,78.81, 60.07, 47.0, 42.7, 26.31, 10.36, 25.32, 12.96, 20.10, 12.78, 17.65, and 4.71, 8.58, 11.3 and 19.01 ng/g in gulsa, pabhda, baila, bacha, baim, small purl, tengra, chanda, kachki, boal, taki, chingri, mola, shole, shing, koi, swarpurl, karp and telapia fish samples, respectively. However, the residual amounts of DDTs in all the fish samples were below maximum residue limit （MRL of DDTs in fish 5.0 mg/kg） according to Codex Alimentarius Commission. The ratios of 4,4＇-DDT/DDTs were in the range of 0.03-0.44 which indicated that exposure to DDT is not due to recent use.

上海风土人情录(二)

1850年,《中国丛报》上连续发表了几封由'目击者'写给'编辑先生'的信。'目击者'以一个西方传教士的眼光,描述了自己在上海的所见所闻。本文介绍了当时的饥荒、难民救济、儿童收留所、邮政系统等方面的概况。

A Novel High-Speed Equalizer for QAM Signals

A high-speed equalizer based on a new algorithm： stop-and-go-DD-LMS CMA （SGLMS-CMA） for quadrature amplitude modulation （QAM） signals ispresented. It integrates conventional constant modulus algorithm （CMA） and decision-direct least-mean-square （DD-LMS） under stop-and-go principle. Matlab simulations indicate that, compared with conventional CMA,the new algorithm performs five times faster in convergence speed, 3-5dB improved in rudimental mean square error （MSE）, 82% decreased in operation complexity and can correct a final phase ambiguity. As to the equalizer block in the system,synthesis results show that the SGLMS-CMA ＋ DD-LMS equalizer＇s hardware consumption is only 5% greater than the CMA＋ DD-LMS equalizer＇ s. Finally by using SMIC 0.18μm library to synthesis, the new equalizer is embedded into QAM demodulation chip,and test results show that the new equalizer acts better.

Inner iterations in the shift-invert residual Arnoldi method and the Jacobi-Davidson method

We establish a general convergence theory of the Shift-Invert Residual Arnoldi(SIRA)method for computing a simple eigenvalue nearest to a given targetσand the associated eigenvector.In SIRA,a subspace expansion vector at each step is obtained by solving a certain inner linear system.We prove that the inexact SIRA method mimics the exact SIRA well,i.e.,the former uses almost the same outer iterations to achieve the convergence as the latter does if all the inner linear systems are iteratively solved with low or modest accuracy during outer iterations.Based on the theory,we design practical stopping criteria for inner solves.Our analysis is on one step expansion of subspace and the approach applies to the Jacobi-Davidson(JD)method with the fixed targetσas well,and a similar general convergence theory is obtained for it.Numerical experiments confirm our theory and demonstrate that the inexact SIRA and JD are similarly effective and are considerably superior to the inexact SIA.