In the paper the Czech toll system and its future are presented. E-toll Czech project： Facts and Figures （today） are included and the next steps in the process of developing microwave infrastructure are mentioned. ...In the paper the Czech toll system and its future are presented. E-toll Czech project： Facts and Figures （today） are included and the next steps in the process of developing microwave infrastructure are mentioned. In the event of possible system extension of the roads of the 1st, 2rid and 3rd class （ca 55,000 km）, the satellite technology will be used. The feasibility of such a combination of these two technologies, microwave and satellite, is subject to the compatibility of both systems in terms of the control equipment. For the microwave toll system, economic analyses according to EU directives were prepared for the Czech Ministry of Transport. Special attention is paid to the problems of traffic congestion, noise and damage to the environment, on the basis of the ＂user pays＂ and ＂polluter pays＂ according to the Eurovignette Directive principles. A complete survey of the EU toll system is included in the list of information sources.展开更多
Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics in...Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..展开更多
There is a need for cost-efficient methods in consumer research. Existing qualitative methods are expensive to conduct. This paper aims to improve the focus group method. The objective was to improve focus groups with...There is a need for cost-efficient methods in consumer research. Existing qualitative methods are expensive to conduct. This paper aims to improve the focus group method. The objective was to improve focus groups with different aims： shorter time conducting interviews, interview greater number of respondents, deliver results faster than traditionally analysis of data, and lower total cost. CurroCus groups of 15-45 minutes duration were tested in five different experiments, including 70 to 160 respondents in groups of 7-11 respondents. The name of the new method is formed from the word ＂Curro＂ in Latin that means speed in English, and ＂Cus＂ that is the last syllable of the word ＂focus＂, thereby forming a new word： CurroCus~ on the method. The results from testing of the CurroCus~ group method at different cases showed that trained moderators and observers could collect relevant responses in a given time for each group. It was possible to process a number of 6 to 10 respondents for each group. By conducting several successive groups, saturation of information was reached after an adequate number of CurroCus~ groups. Therefore, the total number of respondents can be optimized and results can be more precise, with reduced risk of inaccuracy. At the same time, the cost for each case can be lowered substantially, in our cases to approximately 1/10 of a traditional focus group cost. The role （skills） of the moderator is important. A disadvantage is the risk that some of the respondents are not able to express their thoughts in due time when time is limited. There is a need for more research on all parts of the CurroCus group process.展开更多
文摘In the paper the Czech toll system and its future are presented. E-toll Czech project： Facts and Figures （today） are included and the next steps in the process of developing microwave infrastructure are mentioned. In the event of possible system extension of the roads of the 1st, 2rid and 3rd class （ca 55,000 km）, the satellite technology will be used. The feasibility of such a combination of these two technologies, microwave and satellite, is subject to the compatibility of both systems in terms of the control equipment. For the microwave toll system, economic analyses according to EU directives were prepared for the Czech Ministry of Transport. Special attention is paid to the problems of traffic congestion, noise and damage to the environment, on the basis of the ＂user pays＂ and ＂polluter pays＂ according to the Eurovignette Directive principles. A complete survey of the EU toll system is included in the list of information sources.
基金This paper was Supported by Chinese Humanities and Social Science Foundation for Youths by Ministry of Education, Mechanism and Institutional arrangements on China＇s low-cost model to achieve economic growth cycle （No. 09YJC630228）, and Basic Research Funds of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law ＂Research on Integrated Controlling of Cost Soot among Organization： Based on Synerzistic Effects of Precession＂.
文摘Logistics industry has become the driving force of economic growth. However, the logistics industry develops very slowly because the institutional factors have critically hindered the whole development of logistics industry in China. Institutional factors are regarded as the important factor for logistics cost under the market segmentation of peasant mentality. By comparison of the institutional costs in United States, Japan, India and the Europe, deep reason of high cost behind cost driving force is analyzed. Countermeasure is put forward, such as reducing the prices of domestic toll road, using fuel tax as implemented for highway construction funds, and decreasing the restricted policy for carrying freight cars etc..
文摘There is a need for cost-efficient methods in consumer research. Existing qualitative methods are expensive to conduct. This paper aims to improve the focus group method. The objective was to improve focus groups with different aims： shorter time conducting interviews, interview greater number of respondents, deliver results faster than traditionally analysis of data, and lower total cost. CurroCus groups of 15-45 minutes duration were tested in five different experiments, including 70 to 160 respondents in groups of 7-11 respondents. The name of the new method is formed from the word ＂Curro＂ in Latin that means speed in English, and ＂Cus＂ that is the last syllable of the word ＂focus＂, thereby forming a new word： CurroCus~ on the method. The results from testing of the CurroCus~ group method at different cases showed that trained moderators and observers could collect relevant responses in a given time for each group. It was possible to process a number of 6 to 10 respondents for each group. By conducting several successive groups, saturation of information was reached after an adequate number of CurroCus~ groups. Therefore, the total number of respondents can be optimized and results can be more precise, with reduced risk of inaccuracy. At the same time, the cost for each case can be lowered substantially, in our cases to approximately 1/10 of a traditional focus group cost. The role （skills） of the moderator is important. A disadvantage is the risk that some of the respondents are not able to express their thoughts in due time when time is limited. There is a need for more research on all parts of the CurroCus group process.
