Designing optimal number of receiving traces based on simulation model

Currently, the selection of receiving traces in geometry design is mostly based on the horizontal layered medium hypothesis, which is unable to meet survey requirements in a complex area. This paper estimates the optimal number of receiving traces in field geometry using a numerical simulation based on a field test conducted in previous research （Zhu et al., 2011）. A mathematical model is established for total energy and average efficiency energy using fixed trace spacing and optimal receiving traces are estimated. Seismic data acquired in a complex work area are used to verify the correctness of the proposed method. Results of model data calculations and actual data processing show that results are in agreement. This indicates that the proposed method is reasonable, correct, sufficiently scientific, and can be regarded as a novel method for use in seismic geometry design in complex geological regions.

生活垃圾填埋场环境影响评价

文章分析了城市生活垃圾填埋场气体的生成、气体生成的因素、特性。探讨了城市生活垃圾填埋场填埋场气的收集系统，采取措施填埋场废气的处理对污染控制，并讨论了生活垃圾渗透液对地下水质影响分析等问题。

Comparison of Absorption Capacity of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars for Six Kinds of Heavy Metals

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for chromium （Cr）, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, mercury （Hg） and copper （Cu）. [Method] With 4 flue-cured tobacco cultivars as the experimental materials, their absorption capacity for 6 kinds of heavy metals was compared by pot experiment. [Result] There were great differences in absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the six kinds of heavy metals. According to the absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for the heavy metals, the six heavy metals could be classified into three categories. The first category included only Cd with average enrichment coefficient of 8.564; the second category included Hg with average enrichment coefficient of 0.753; and the third category included Cr, As, Pb and Cu with average enrichment coefficients below or equivalent to 0.114. [Conclusion] The absorption capacity of different flue-cured tobacco cultivars for heavy metals was grasped by this study, thereby providing reference data for screening of high-yielding and high-quality flue-cured tobacco cultivars.

Household model of rainwater harvesting system in Mexican urban zones

This paper describes a household model of the rainwater harvesting system in residential development of Tlaquepaque Jalisco Mexico. Harvested rainwater is estimated for designing a rainwater catchment system which reflects the maximum water supply to a household.Based on the estimation of the harvested rainwater the total water demand is calculated in order to explore the possible uses of rainwater. Major components in the rainwater catchment system are as follows catchment area downspout roof drain pipe and first flush tank cistern infiltration well pumping station and filtering system and ultraviolet UV water treatment.The rainwater harvesting system is designed to operate as the part of the central water supply system.This paper exposes the process of design and construction and its cost.In this way it aims to establish a technical and conceptual reference which enables the citizens to design their rainwater systems and their construction. This model will produce an important experience that can help to improve the systems in a Mexican context.It can be also useful for the international community.

Data Reconstruction in Internet Traffic Matrix

Traffic matrix is an abstract representation of the traffic volume flowing between sets of source and destination pairs.It is a key input parameter of network operations management,planning,provisioning and traffic engineering.Traffic matrix is also important in the context of OpenFlow-based networks.Because even good measurement systems can suffer from errors and data collection systems can fail,missing values are common.Existing matrix completion methods do not consider traffic exhibit characteristics and only provide a finite precision.To address this problem,this paper proposes a novel approach based on compressive sensing and traffic self-similarity to reconstruct the missing traffic flow data.Firstly,we analyze the realworld traffic matrix,which all exhibit lowrank structure,temporal smoothness feature and spatial self-similarity.Then,we propose Self-Similarity and Temporal Compressive Sensing(SSTCS) algorithm to reconstruct the missing traffic data.The extensive experiments with the real-world traffic matrix show that our proposed SSTCS can significantly reduce data reconstruction errors and achieve satisfactory accuracy comparing with the existing solutions.Typically SSTCS can successfully reconstruct the traffic matrix with less than 32%errors when as much as98%of the data is missing.

Water Resource Management and Its Role in Development of Integrated Mountainous Agriculture——A Case from Ningnan County of Sichuan Province

This paper reviewed rainwater collection and water resource management in Ningnan County in southwestern mountain of China,as a case study for solving the problems of water management in a simple and sustainable way. In this mountainous agriculture system,private agricultural enterprises were introduced into local mountain agriculture to solve capital fund shortage for the construction of rainwater harvesting system. Agreement was signed by private agriculture enterprises with the target farmers to subscribe for the household agriculture production at a protection price. Cash invested by the enterprise and subsidy from the government were collected for purchasing materials,while the farmers supplied labors for the construction of water harvesting systems. The system solved the share of input and benefits between the local government,enterprise and household farms successfully. In addition,the micro water harvesting tanks and micro irrigate systems extend quickly in this mountainous county. Up to 2007,more than 12 000 rainwater harvesting tanks had been established and more than 8.5×104 hm2 dry arable land accounting for nearly 75% of the total arable land had been irrigated efficiently. Per capita income of farmer had been increased by 14 times in the past 20 years. Considerable potential for further improvement in implementation of the models for solving water shortage and water resource management in mountain region maybe depend on more local private agriculture enterprises and households than the government.

Retrieval of inherent optical properties of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using a quasi-analytical algorithm

We tested and modified the quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） using 57 groups of field data collected in the spring of 2003 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The QAA performs well in deriving total absorption coefficients of typical coastal waters. The average percentage difference （APD） is in a range of 13.9%-38.5% for the total absorption coefficient （13.9% at 440 nm）, and differences in particle backscattering coefficient bbp（2） are less than 50% （in the case of the updated QAA）. To obtain improved results, we modified the QAA by adjusting the empirical relationships. The modified algorithm is then applied to the field data to test its performance. The APDs were 44.7%-46.6% for bbp（λ） and 9.9%-32.8% （9.9% at 555 nm） for the total absorption coefficient. This indicates that the modified QAA derives better results. We also used the modified model to derive phytoplankton pigment absorption （aph） and detritus and CDOM absorption （aug） coefficients. The APDs for aph and a dg at 440 nm are 37.1% and 19.8%. In this paper, we discuss error sources using the measured dataset. More independent field data can improve this algorithm and derive better results.

Network Intelligence Capability Requirements and Standards System

It is discussed in this paper the capability requirements of modern communication industry for smart pipe or Network Intelligence Capability Enhancement （NICE）, Domestic and international researches on smart pipe are elaborated in the essay as well.

Rainwater Harvesting in Multifamily Social Interest Housing

This study evaluated the reduction of water consumption in a SIH （social interest housing） complex from the simulation of implanting a rainwater harvesting system. The methodology consisted of characterization of the case study, survey data of water consumption and data of precipitation in the area, on-site visits to define the average consumption and monthly water distribution, and sizing of a rainwater harvesting tank following the Netuno Program. It was obtained 22.500 L as the ideal volume for the tank, supplying the demand for drinkingwater in 32%, although the reduction in the drinking water bills would be minor, since the object of the case study is considered SIH, and residents pay a fixed fee for consuming up to 10 m3 per month. Therefore, it becomes necessary to analyze this situation from a sustainable and environmental perspective, and the benefits are no longer only economic, but rather they take on a more comprehensive social dimension.

Use of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis Methods for Water Supply Problems： A Framework for Improved Rainwater Harvesting

Several conflicting objectives are considered in decision-making. MCDA （multi-criteria decision analysis） methods are developed to facilitate better decision making by decision-makers. Water supply problems are complex problems with multiple decision making and criteria. Hence, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis is very appropriate for solving these problems. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be divided into three main groups： value measurement models, goals, aspiration and reference level models and outranking models. The methods listed have been applied to water supply problems, especially in the evaluation of alternative water supply strategies. Each method has its advantages and limitations. A good alternative for concluding a better-suited method for water supply problems is to apply more than one method, either in combination to make use of the strengths of both methods, or in parallel to obtain a broader decision basis for the decision maker. Previous studies of MCDA in water supply planning have usually considered water supply networks with only one water service delivery. Advanced water supply sources with multiple water service delivery systems have been neglected. This is an on-going study in which analytical hierarchical multi-criteria decision analysis methods are proposed for solving water supply problems and a framework for improved rainwater harvesting systems will be developed.

A Proposal for Reservoir Volume Calculation in Rainwater Harvesting Systems

This paper introduces a proposal for reservoir volume calculation in rainwater harvesting systems. The proposed method can be used for reservoir volume design in rainwater harvesting systems and is based on three important variables. These variables are water demand, system efficiency and repayment time. Several simulations were carried out in different scenarios considering typical values of both catchment area （for low-income and medium-income households） and water demand, with fixed water and tank costs. Results showed that the integrated analysis of demand, efficiency and repayment time may assist designers to determine a more adequate reservoir volume.

Worldwide or Territorial Approach for Individual Income Tax, Which is More Prevalent？

For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly used around the globe. Worldwide income approach （also known as a global tax system） taxes income from whatever source derived. Territorial income approach taxes only income earned within the country＇s borders. Using information collected from PricewaterhouseCoopers＇ website1 that provides information on tax systems used in countries around the world, this paper examines which countries apply worldwide or global income approach and which employ territorial approach to determine the legitimate source of taxable income. The research focuses on countries within： （1） Americas; （2） Asia/Pacific Basin; （3） Europe; and （4） Africa/Middle and Near East. Based on the information collected and presented in this paper, the worldwide approach is much more prevalent （104 countries） than the territorial approach （30 countries）. This paper also investigates any specific rules that a particular country has in relation to income to be taxed and residency versus non-residency status of the taxpayers. There appears to be an abundant spectrum of rules relating to residency and domicile for tax purposes among the countries.

Developments of solar collectors in China

China has abundant solar energy resource. Solar thermal collectors, particularly all-glass evacuated tubular collectors, have been studied and developed for 30 years, and solar thermal industry has developed rapidly for 15 years. There are various solar thermal systems, with an operation area of around 108 million m2 in 2007. These systems mainly provide domestic hot water, but some other applications are under extensive study and development as well.

Energy Efficiency Optimization in Relay-Assisted Networks with Energy Harvesting Relay Constraints

In this paper we consider data transmission in a decode-and-forward(DF)relay-assisted network in which the relay is energy harvesting(EH) powered while the base station(BS) is power-grid powered.Our purpose is to maximize the BS's energy efficiency(EE) while making full use of the relay's renewable energy and satisfying the specific average throughput requirements.In contrast to existing literature on energy harvesting system which only considers the radio transmission power,we take the static circuit power into account as well.We formulate the EE optimization problem and prove that the EE of the BS and relay are both quasiconvex in the instantaneous transmission rate.Then we divide the complex optimization problem into two point-to-point link level optimization parts and propose an energyefficient resource allocation(EERA) scheme in which power control and sleep mode management are jointly used.The simulation results demonstrate that EERA may achieve good energy saving effects.We also compare the EE of an energy harvesting relay system with a power-grid powered one and provide more insight into the EE problem of energy harvesting relay system.

Management Procedures for Data Collected via Intelligent Transportation Systems

Addressing transportation planning, operation and investment challenges requires increasingly sophisticated data and information management strategies. ITS （intelligent transportation systems） and CV （connected vehicle） technologies represent a new approach to capturing and using needed transportation data in real time or near real time. In the case of Michigan, several ITS programs have been launched successfully, but independently of each other. The objective of this research is to evaluate and assess all important factors that will influence the collection, management and use of ITS data, and recommend strategies to develop integrated, dynamic and adaptive data management systems for state transportation agencies.

MPPT research based on fuzzy adaptive PID control

In order to improve the efficiency and precision of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control,a new method is proposed.Based on original MPPT technology of photovoltaic cells,the fuzzy adaptive proportion-integral-differential(PID)control has less fluctuation and higher stability.The simulation circuit using Simulink is established,and output power curves under constant temperature or constant sunlight are obtained.The superiority of the fuzzy PID control method has been proved by means of the simulation results,and it makes the solar system approach maximum power point quickly and smoothly.

Object-tracking robot using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor

This paper proposes a method that rotation angle of servo motor and distance values of ultrasonic sensor are used for tracking an object in real-time while the robot keeps regular distance.Object detection distance widens by using ultrasonic sensors and object recognition,and movement of robot is controlled by angle of servo motor and distance of ultrasonic sensors.Not adopting the existing tracking methods:camera,laser-infrared(LRF)and many ultrasonic sensors,the proposed method proves that it is possible to track object using ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.Trajectory of robot is represented and analysed according to movement of object in limited conditions.

New WA-system of kravchenko functions in digital signal processing

On the basis of modified atomic transformations the new WA-systems of Kravchenko functions are constructed.As an example the digital processing of time series of the various physical nature processing is considered.The numerical experiments and physical analysis of the results confirm the efficiency of the proposed WA-systems of Kravchenko functions.

Model Predictive Control with Feedforward Strategy for Gas Collectors of Coke Ovens

In coking process, the production quality, equipment life, energy consumption, and process safety are all influenced by the pressure in gas collector pipe of coke oven, which is frequently influenced by disturbances.The main control objectives for the gas collector pressure system are keeping the pressures in collector pipes at appropriate operating point. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) strategy is introduced to control the collector pressure system due to its ability to handle constraint and good control performance. Based on a method proposed to simplify the system model, an extended state space model predictive control is designed,which combines the feedforward strategy to eliminate the disturbance. The simulation results in a system with two coke ovens show the feasibility and effectiveness of the control scheme.