浅议信用证修改函的写作方法

信用证仍为当前我国出口企业结算货款的主要方式之一。但来证与买卖合同不符或意外事件影响履约时,卖方就必须致函要求开证申请人指示开证行及时改证。本文主要阐述了来证与合同不符时,为促进合同顺利执行,卖方应如何撰写出一封诚恳得体的改证函,以求赢得各方的合作,达到及时改证之目的。

案例教学法在外贸英语函电教学中的应用——以撰写改证函为例

信用证是对外贸易中最常见的,也是最重要的支付方式,对进出口双方都有一定的保护作用。为了避免信用证中的不符点造成收汇的困难,出口方收到进口方开来的信用证后,要逐条审核信用证,对与合同不符且又无法接受的条款,要要求进口方通知开证行进行修改。因此,改证函的撰写就成为影响业务顺利开展的关键。本文探讨了如何将案例教学法应用到撰写改证函的外贸函电教学,帮助学生掌握相关的写作步骤和技巧,有效地实现外贸函电课程的教学目的和要求。

Symbolic Computation and New Families of Exact Non-travelling Wave Solutions of （2＋1）-dimensional Broer-Kaup Equations

The improved tanh function method [Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 43 （2005） 585] is further improved by generalizing the ansatz solution of the considered equation. As its application, the （2＋1）-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations are considered and abundant new exact non-travelling wave solutions are obtained.

Analysis to Some Solutions Obtained by Modified Extended tanh-Function Method

First, two tanh-coth type solutions of a class of nonlinear wave equation are derived by using a simplified modified extended tanh-function method. Then, further analysis to some tanh-coth type solutions of nonlinear evolution equations are given. The results show that when balance number m is one or two, the tanh-eoth type solutions obtained by the modified extended tanh-funetion method can be obtained by using the hyperbolic-function method.

Modified nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for curvilinear trajectory synthetic aperture radar

The original nonlinear chirp scaling(NCS) algorithm was extended for high precision processing of the highly squinted curvilinear trajectory synthetic aperture radar(CTSAR).Based on the analysis of slant range model and the frequency spectrum characteristics of the echo signal,a novel nonlinear chirp scaling function and more complex phase compensation factors with both velocity and acceleration parameters were proposed in the new algorithm for accommodation to curvilinear trajectory.The processing flow and computational complexity of modified NCS algorithm were fundamentally the same as the original NCS algorithm.However,the higher order phase compensation,range cell migration correction(RCMC) and range-variant secondary range compression(SRC) caused by the non-linear aperture and the severe range-azimuth coupling were accomplished accurately and efficiently without interpolation.Simulation results show that data acquired with a curvilinear aperture and a squint angle up to about 50° for X-band can be processed with no evident degradation of impulse response function.

Improved estimation of rotor position for sensorless control of a PMSM based on a sliding mode observer

This work proposes a new strategy to improve the rotor position estimation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) over wide speed range. Rotor position estimation of a PMSM is performed by using sliding mode observer(SMO). An adaptive observer gain was designed based on Lyapunov function and applied to solve the chattering problem caused by the discontinuous function of the SMO in the wide speed range. The cascade low-pass filter(LPF) with variable cut-off frequency was proposed to reduce the chattering problem and to attenuate the filtering capability of the SMO. In addition, the phase shift caused by the filter was counterbalanced by applying the variable phase delay compensation for the whole speed area. High accuracy estimation result of the rotor position was obtained in the experiment by applying the proposed estimation strategy.

Exact Periodic and Solitary-Wave Solutions of Multi-component Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equations

The present work extends the search of Jacobi elliptic function solutions for the multi-component modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. When the modulum m →1, those periodic solutions degenerate as the corresponding solitary wave and shock wave ones. Especially, exact solutions for the three-component system are presented in detail and graphically.

PARALLEL ADAPTIVELY MODIFIED CHARACTERISTIC BASIS FUNCTION METHOD BASED ON STATIC LOAD BALANCE

Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM) is a novel approach for analyzing the ElectroMagnetic (EM) scattering from electrically large objects. Based on dividing the studied object into small blocks, the CBFM is suitable for parallel computing. In this paper, a static load balance parallel method is presented by combining Message Passing Interface (MPI) with Adaptively Modified CBFM (AMCBFM). In this method, the object geometry is partitioned into distinct blocks, and the serial number of blocks is sent to related nodes according to a certain rule. Every node only needs to calculate the information on local blocks. The obtained results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in speeding up solving large electrical scale problems.

Study on principles of English translation

With the rapid development of economic globalization and China＇ s reform and opening up, the importance of business English translation in international economic exchanges become increasingly prominent. Business English is a special purpose English, so other forms of business English translation and translation of literary translation has many differences, so there are significant limitations in using the traditional translation theory to guide business English translation. From the functional point of view, learn teleological function theory contained, Communicative Translation Theory and Functional Equivalence Business English translation functionality, combined with a large number of business English translation instance, from the lexical, syntactic and discourse level analysis system to make the characteristics of business English, meanwhile, according to the characteristics functional Theory to give the guidance of business English translation, and proposed some specific business English translation principles, strategies and techniques.

哈佛大学燕京图书馆藏《四库书目庋藏表》考

《四库全书分架图》作为《四库全书》的重要组成部分,详细著录了库书的排架位次、函数、合函等情况,有助于检寻库书和指导排架。哈佛大学燕京图书馆所藏《四库书目庋藏表》实为直式《四库全书分架图》,是馆臣办理库书补函、排架时抄写的一个工作簿,抄写于嘉庆四年(1799)至嘉庆九年二月初一日之间,所抄分架图主体部分为乾隆时期所写,又补入了嘉庆时期库书排架变动的信息。对比“南三阁”目录与“北三阁”架图,结合《庋藏表》与《文渊阁分架图》的性质及二者联系,确定《庋藏表》归属文渊阁系统,亦反映“北四阁”《四库全书》的排架情况。《四库书目庋藏表》最重要的价值在于可以借此窥探嘉庆时期《四库全书》增补抽改和架次调整排定的真实情况。

A Construction of 1-Resilient Boolean Functions with Good Cryptographic Properties

This paper proposes a general method to construct 1-resilient Boolean functions by modifying the Tu-Deng and Tang-Carlet-Tang functions. Cryptographic properties such as algebraic degree, nonlinearity and algebraic immunity are also considered. A sufficient condition of the modified func- tions with optimal algebraic degree in terms of the Siegenthaler bound is proposed. The authors obtain a lower bound on the nonlinearity of the Tang-Carlet-Tang functions, which is slightly better than the known result. If the authors do not break the ＂continuity＂ of the support and zero sets, the functions constructed in this paper have suboptimal algebraic immunity. Finally, four specific classes of 1-resilient Boolean functions constructed from this construction and with the mentioned good cryptographic properties are proposed. Experimental results show that there are many 1-resilient Boolean functions have higher nonlinearities than known l-resilient functions modified by Tu-Deng and Tang- Carlet-Tang functions.

Analytical Investigation of Soliton Solutions to Three Quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equations

In the present paper, the two-dimensional quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov(QZK) equation, three-dimensional quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation and the three-dimensional modified quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation are analytically investigated for exact solutions using the modified extended tanh-expansion based method. A variety of new and important soliton solutions are obtained including the dark soliton solution, singular soliton solution, combined dark-singular soliton solution and many other trigonometric function solutions. The used method is implemented on the Mathematica software for the computations as well as the graphical illustrations.

Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Interevent Time Series in a Modified OFC Model

We use multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis （MF-DFA） method to investigate the multifractal behavior of the interevent time series in a modified Olami-Feder-Christensen （OFC） earthquake model on assortative scale-free networks. We determine generalized Hurst exponent and singularity spectrum and find that these fluctuations have multifraetal nature. Comparing the MF-DFA results for the original interevent time series with those for shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that the origin of multifractality is due to both the broadness of probability density function and long-range correlation.

Approximation by Modified Summation Integral Type Operators in the L_p Spaces

The generalized summation integral type operators with Beta basis functions are widely studied. At present, the investigations for the properties of these operators are only limited to the functions of bounded variation. Some authors studied the rate of point-wise rate of convergence, asymptotic formula of Voronovskaja type, and some direct results about these type of operators. The present paper considers the direct, inverse and equivalence theorems of modified summation integral type operators in the Lp spaces.