Charge-changing processes between highly charged ion-atom collisions are of great importance in applied fields such as fusion plasmas and astrophysics. They are also of interest in basic atomic physics, especially in ...Charge-changing processes between highly charged ion-atom collisions are of great importance in applied fields such as fusion plasmas and astrophysics. They are also of interest in basic atomic physics, especially in the understanding of the multi-electron processes. Until now, the major processes in low energy ion-atom collisions are understood, and can be described by classical over-barrier model and coupled channel calculations. For larger number of active electrons and for higher projectile charges the number of needed states becomes展开更多
A modified plastic strain energy as hardening state parameter for dense sand was proposed, based on the results front a series of drained plane strain tests on saturated dense Japanese Toyoura sand with precise stress...A modified plastic strain energy as hardening state parameter for dense sand was proposed, based on the results front a series of drained plane strain tests on saturated dense Japanese Toyoura sand with precise stress and strain measurements along many stress paths. In addition, a unique hardening function between the plastic strain energy and the instantaneous stress path was also presented, which was independent of stress history. The proposed state parameter and hardening function was directly verified by the simple numerical integration method. It is shown that the proposed hardening function is independent of stress history and stress path and is appropriate to be used as the hardening rule in constitutive modeling for dense sand, and it is also capable of simulating the effects on the de-formation characteristics of stress history and stress path for dense sand.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Charge-changing processes between highly charged ion-atom collisions are of great importance in applied fields such as fusion plasmas and astrophysics. They are also of interest in basic atomic physics, especially in the understanding of the multi-electron processes. Until now, the major processes in low energy ion-atom collisions are understood, and can be described by classical over-barrier model and coupled channel calculations. For larger number of active electrons and for higher projectile charges the number of needed states becomes
文摘A modified plastic strain energy as hardening state parameter for dense sand was proposed, based on the results front a series of drained plane strain tests on saturated dense Japanese Toyoura sand with precise stress and strain measurements along many stress paths. In addition, a unique hardening function between the plastic strain energy and the instantaneous stress path was also presented, which was independent of stress history. The proposed state parameter and hardening function was directly verified by the simple numerical integration method. It is shown that the proposed hardening function is independent of stress history and stress path and is appropriate to be used as the hardening rule in constitutive modeling for dense sand, and it is also capable of simulating the effects on the de-formation characteristics of stress history and stress path for dense sand.
