营养型改土剂对土壤理化性质和蓄水量及制种玉米经济效益的影响

在甘肃省酒泉市连作制种玉米8 a的土壤上,采用田间试验方法,研究了营养型改土剂对土壤理化性质和蓄水量及制种玉米经济效益的影响。结果表明:随着营养型改土剂施用量的增加,土壤孔隙度、团聚体、田间持水量、蓄水量在增加,而土壤容重降低;营养型改土剂用量与土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾、阳离子交换量(CEC)呈正相关关系,与土壤pH值呈负相关关系;随着营养型改土剂施用量的增加,制种玉米产量增加,但每公斤营养型改土剂的增产量则随着营养型改土剂施用量的增加而递减。经回归统计分析,营养型改土剂最佳施用量为1 349.96 kg·hm-2,此施用量下,玉米的理论产量为7 080.00 kg·hm-2,回归统计分析结果与田间小区试验处理4基本吻合。

多功能改土剂对河西地区风沙土理化性质以及玉米经济效益的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究了多功能改土剂对甘肃省河西地区风沙土理化性质和玉米经济性状及效益的影响。结果表明,影响玉米产量的因素由大到小依次为:牛粪(A)>糠醛渣和保水剂(B)>专用肥>聚乙烯醇。因素间最佳组合是:A1B1C2D3E3﹝牛粪(A)7.82 t,糠醛渣(B)6.00 t,专用肥(C)1.04 t,聚乙烯醇(D)0.09 t,保水剂(E)0.05 t﹞。多功能改土剂施用量与风沙土孔隙度、团粒结构、蓄水量、有机质、速效氮磷钾和土壤电导率(EC)呈正相关,与土壤容重、pH值呈负相关。随着多功能改土剂施用量的增加,边际产量、边际利润在递减,多功能改土剂施用量在15.00 t/hm2的基础上,再增加3.75 t/hm2,收益出现负值。经回归统计分析表明,多功能改土剂最佳施用量为15.00 t/hm2时,玉米的理论产量为7.03 t/hm2,计算结果与田间试验处理5基本吻合。

多功能改土剂配方筛选及对河西内陆灌区制种玉米田的改土培肥效应

[目的]研究甘肃省河西内陆灌区多功能改土剂配方筛选及对制种玉米田改土培肥效应的影响,为该区制种玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市连续种植制种玉米15a基地,采用田间试验方法,开展了多功能改土剂配方筛选及对河西内陆灌区制种玉米田改土培肥效应的研究。[结果]多功能改土剂最佳配方组合:玉米专用肥、聚乙稀醇、有机废弃物组合肥、保水剂重量配比为0.032 2∶0.001 4∶0.965 5∶0.000 9。不同剂量多功能改土剂施用量与制种玉米田孔隙度、团聚体、持水量、有机质和速效氮磷钾呈显著的正相关关系;与容重、pH值呈显著的负相关关系。施用多功能改土剂与传统化肥比较,制种玉米田容重和pH值分别降低6.88%和5.10%;总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和团聚体分别增加10.46%,10.49%,10.48%和11.75%;饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量分别增加10.47%,10.46%和10.48%;有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量(CEC)分别增加9.03%,1.11%,4.12%,3.82%和32.03%;真菌、细菌、放线菌和菌体总量分别增加121.19%,34.95%,20.25%和28.57%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶分别增加44.74%,44.73%,38.46%和62.50%。[结论]施用多功能改土剂,改善了制种玉米田理化性质和生物学性质,提高了酶活性及持水量和制种玉米产量。

不同蓄肥改土剂对水稻品种五优稻4号生长的影响

为提高氮肥利用率,探讨蓄肥改土剂对水稻的应用效果,以水稻品种五优稻4号为材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同型号蓄肥改土剂及不同尿素施用量对五优稻4号生长的影响。结果表明:3种型号蓄肥改土剂均能提高氮肥利用率,五优稻4号水稻品种施用蓄肥改土剂后,节约尿素25%,即可达到稳产的效果,节尿素25%和节钾肥30%组合也可达到稳产效果。

改土剂与化肥配施对制种玉米农艺性状和经济效益的影响

采用田间小区试验,在纯氮、纯磷投入量相等的条件下,进行了改土剂与化肥配施对制种玉米农艺性状和经济效益影响的研究,结果表明:改土剂与化肥配合施用,与单施化肥比较,玉米株高增加了4.26 cm,茎粗增加了0.19 cm,生长速度增加了0.85 mm,地上部分干重增加了3.34 g,施肥利润增加了851.55元/hm2。

有机活性改土剂对土壤理化性质的影响及最佳施用量研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了有机活性改土剂对土壤理化性质及持水量的影响和种植马铃薯的最佳施用量,结果表明:有机活性改土剂各原料的影响效应大小为CO(NH_2)_2>改性糠醛渣>(NH_4)_2HPO_4>5406菌肥,有机活性改土剂的最佳配方为5406菌肥、改性糠醛渣、CO(NH2)2、(NH4)2HPO4质量比为0.000 8∶0.905 8∶0.072 3∶0.021 1的组合;有机活性改土剂施用量与土壤孔隙度、持水量、团聚体含量、有机质含量、速效氮磷钾含量和马铃薯产量呈显著的正相关关系,与土壤容重、p H值呈显著的负相关关系;随着有机活性改土剂施用量的增加,马铃薯施肥效益在增加,但当有机活性改土剂施用量大于12 t/hm^2时,施肥效益开始下降;经回归分析,马铃薯产量与有机活性改土剂施用量间的回归方程为y=27.270 0+1.681 0x-0.058 4x2,最佳施用量为11.96 t/hm^2,此施用量下马铃薯理论产量为39.02 t/hm^2。

高美施液肥高美沃改土剂分析结果表

高美施液肥高美沃改土剂分析结果表分析单位：云南省土肥站高美施液肥高美沃改土剂分析结果表...

“保水蓄肥改土剂”对幼龄泽香葡萄生长结果的影响

为探索保水蓄肥改土剂（简称保水剂）对新栽植泽香葡萄成活率及生长结果方面的影响．2011年3月至2012年10月．在平度市大泽山镇老盛葡萄庄园进行了田间试验。1材料与方法1．1试验处理试验设在平度市大泽山镇老盛葡萄庄园．面积2．2hm2，地势平坦，栽培条件均匀一致．砂壤土。供试葡萄为新定植1～2年生泽香葡萄．系当地主栽品种。

改土剂在春玉米上的田间试验总结

2016年陕西省合阳县玉米季降水量足并且分布均匀,4月中下旬至8月共降雨376.8mm,并且各生育期分布均匀,特别是6~7月玉米生长关键时期降雨288.9 mm,春玉米表现苗齐、苗壮,长势良好,奠定了丰收基础。在选择的4个不同改土剂施用量中:基施改土剂20kg/666.7m^2产量最高,土壤结构改良效果最显著;基施改土剂40kg/666.7m^2产量及土壤结构改良效果次之;其次为基施改土剂5kg/666.7m^2。施用改土剂对土壤容重有影响,但差异不显著,但可提高春玉米株高、穗位高度、茎粗和产量。

奥普尔土壤改良剂对黄泥田水稻增产效果研究初报

田间试验结果：黄泥田深耕到２０ｃｍ比原耕深１２ｃｍ增产１２２７％，深耕１６ｃｍ和２０ｃｍ加奥普尔改土剂可进一步提高产量５１％～７３％。奥普尔改土剂与水稻专用肥配施，可比习惯施肥的水稻单产提高１２６％，土壤松软易耕。优化模式可采用深耕１６～２０ｃｍ，施用水稻专用肥＋奥普尔改土剂。

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。

Effect of amendments on growth and metal uptake of giant reed(Arundo donax L.) grown on soil contaminated by arsenic,cadmium and lead

The effects of five amendments such as acetic acid（AA）, citric acid （CA）, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA）, sepiolite and phosphogypsum on growth and metal uptake of giant reed （Arundo donax L.） grown on soil contaminated by arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） were studied. The results showed that the shoot biomass of giant reed was enhanced by 24.8% and 15.0%, while superoxide mutase and catalase activities slightly varied when adding 5.0 mmol/kg CA and 2.5 mol/kg EDTA to soil as compared to the control, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in shoots were remarkably increased by the addition of 2.5 mmol/kg AA and CA, 5.0 mmol/kg EDTA, and 4.0 g/kg sepiolite as compared to the control. The accumulations of As and Cd were also significantly enhanced in the above condition, while the shoot Pb accumulation was noticeably enhanced by amending with 4.0 g/kg sepiolite and 8.0 g/kg phosphogysum, respectively. The results suggested that AA, CA and sepiolite could be used as optimum soil amendments for giant reed remediation system.

Effects of Soil Amendment on Growth,Yield and Output of Flue-cured Tobacco in South Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South Anhui Province. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted. The agronomic traits, yield and output value, as well as appearance quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated. [Re- suit] The soil amendments composed of biochars and inorganic mineral materials could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, as well as proportion of first-grade tobacco leaves at the middle and late growth period. The yield in the X3 treatment group （70% T20 ＋ 30% ZC） was highest, and it was higher than that in the control group by 398 kg/hm2. Com- pared with that in the control group, the output of flue-cured tobacco in the X3 treatment group was increased by 10 290 yuan/hm2. In terms of appearance quality and flavor, the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the soil amendment treatment groups were all better than those in the control group. [Conclusion] The application of soil amendment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material is an effective mea- sure to improve tobacco-growing soil, promote tobacco growth and development, im- prove tobacco yield and output and improve tobacco leaf quality in South Anhui re- gion.

Remediation of in-situ Leach Mining Contaminated Soil by Amendment-plant Synergism

This study aimed to remediate in-situ leach mining contaminated soil by amendment-plant synergism. The results showed that plant species exhibited ex-tremely significant effects on the concentration of nitrate nitrogen; to be specific, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil planted with wheat was reduced from 692.19 mg/kg to lower than 100 mg/kg; when the mass ratio of amendment to soil reached 3：50 and the amendment particle size was 1-2 mm, the concentration of nitrate ni-trogen in soil planted with wheat was reduced to 43 mg/kg. The amendment type exhibited extremely significant effects on the concentration of ammonium nitrogen; to be specific, when the mass ratio of amendment to soil reached 10：50, the concen-tration of ammonium nitrogen in soil added with 2-3 mm zeolite was reduced from 23 593.75 to 3 300 mg/kg on day 15. Amendments and plants mainly exhibited desorption performance for sulfate radical in soil, and the amendment type extreme-ly significantly affected the concentration of sulfate radical; to be specific, the con-centration of sulfate radical in soil added with limestone increased from 370 mg/kg to 900 mg/kg on day 7.

Effects of a Complex Amendment on the Quality of Cucumber Fruit under Cd Contamination Stress

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of a complex amendment on the soil organic matter content, pH, microbial quantity, Cd uptake and nutritional quality of the fruit of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） planted in two levels （CdCl2·2.5H2O mg/kg and 4 mg/kg） of Cd-contaminated soil in which different concentrations of complex amendments （0, 600, 900, 1 200 mg/kg） were added. The results showed that when applying 1 200 mg/kg amendment, the organic mat-ter content, bacterial number and total microorganism amounts in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil increased by 23.17% and 32.89%, 87.61% and 96.02%, 59.95% and 55.81%, respectively. When 900 mg/kg amendment was applied, the fungi number in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil reached the maximum, in-creasing by 137.50% and 106.72% respectively. However, applying the amendment had no significant effect on the pH of soil. The security and nutritional quality of cu-cumber fruits were obviously improved comparing with control. The Cd content in cucumber fruits decreased by 31.40% and 24.35%, respectively, in 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble fixation content in cucumber fruits of 2 and 4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil went up by 25.00% and 91.42%, 37.03% and 27.06%, 14.29% and 58.80%, respectively. lt was indicated that the complex amendment can obviously improve the quality of cucumber fruit and thus can be used in the in situ_repair of Cd-contaminated soil.

旱作农业大革命——TC进中国

比利时科学家范·科姆特研究发明了一种吸水、保水改土剂—TC,引入我国,并在我国西北干旱地区试验推广,取得成功。

Effect of Amendments on Growth and Element Uptake of Pakchoi in a Cadmium, Zinc and Lead Contaminated Soil

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of two amendments, limeand calcium magnesium phosphate, on the growth and Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mu, Fe, N, P and K uptake ofpakchoi (Brassica chinensis) in a Cd, Pb and Zn polluted acid soil in the southern part of China.The growth of pakchoi was apparently improved by lime and calcium magnesium phosphate application,the uptake of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn by pakchoi was significantly depressed and the symptom caused byheavy metals pollution was eliminated. Meanwhile, the absorption of N, K and Mn was also inhibitedby these amendments. Soil pH was the main factor controlling the uptake of the heavy metals bypakchoi. This suggests that lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could be used as effectiveamendments for eliminating the toxicity of heavy metals to the vegetable and inhibiting theirabsorption by the crop.

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendmenton Fruit Auality and Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Tomato Acidic Soils

[Objective]The aim was to explore the feasibility of applying oyster shell soil amendment for tomato production in order to determine proper quantity of the soil conditional.[Method]Field tests were performed to research effects of the soil conditioner on tomato yield,quality and soil p H.[Result]The results showed that tomato yield increased in the treatment groups with oyster shell soil amendment.The group SC50 increased the most by 16.5%than the control group.Based on normal fertilization,tomato growth was promoted by the soil amendment,and per tomato weight and lycopene content both improved during peak-fruiting period.Besides,soil p H value was enhanced by the soil amendment also.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that the effect was the best when soil conditioner was applied at 750 kg/hm2.

Improvement of Soil Physical Properties with Soil Con-ditioners

Effects of non-ionic polyacrylamide(PAM), anionic polyacrylamide(PHP), cationic polyacrylamide (PCA-M), non-ionic polyvinylalcohol(PVA), anionic hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile(HPAN) and polyethyleneoxide(PE-O) on the physical properties of three different soil types were studied. Content of water-stable aggregateslarger than 0.25 mm increased to varying extents for different soils and soil conditioners. Among the sixkinds of conditioners, non-ionic polyacrylamide(PAM) was the most effective for red soil while polyethyle-neoxide(PEO) the least effective for Chao soil, red soil and yellow-brown soil. Water-stable aggregatesincreased with the rates of PEO and PAM application (except for PEO treatment of yellow-brown soil) andwith the molecular weight of PEO within a certain range. Only evaporation rate of Chao soil decreased afterapplication of PAM and HPAN to Chao soil and red soil.

Deep Desulfurization via Adsorption by Silver Modified Bentonite

In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels,a desulfurization process by adsorption for removing alkyl dibenzothiophenes was investigated.Desulfurization of model gasoline by bentonite adsorbents loaded with silver nitrate was studied.The test results indicated that the bentonite adsorbents loaded with Ag + ions were effective for adsorbing the alkyl dibenzothiophenes.The crystal structure of bentonite adsorbents was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their acidity was measured by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Several factors influencing the desulfurization capability,including the Ag + loading,the baking temperature,as well as the reaction temperature,were investigated.The desulfurization efficiency was enhanced by increasing the Ag + loading and the best result was obtained at a silver loading of 7 m%.It was found that the adsorption capacity of the alkyl dibenzothiophenes on bentonite loaded with Ag + ions increased with a decreasing temperature.Baking of the adsorbent could also improve the desulfurization capacity,and the optimum baking temperature was 423 K.