对我国防氟改水管理几点看法

我国是世界上地方性氟中毒分布面积较大的国家之一。尤其是饮水型地氟病区在我国北方更为广布。虽然我们对这种生物地球化学性疾病发现认识的较晚,但在各级党委和人民政府的领导下,从60年代开展防治工作以来取得了举世瞩目的成效。特别是饮水型地氟病的预防工作,采用改换水源和药物降氟的方法进行改水,使千百年来一直喝高氟水、受高氟水危害的病区人民喝上了幸福水——低氟水。关于防氟改水工程的管理问题,各地报导了不少好的经验。笔者有机会参与了陕西、甘肃。

Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some extent.The article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and fairness.An efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and fairness.At the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

Fruit production and quality improvement in aonla （Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.） through canopy management

In order to maintain the health and vigour and to sustain the productivity, a pruning experiment was conducted on four year old ＂Balwant＂ cultivar of aonla grown in laterite soil, planted at a spacing of 5m×5m. To find out the best pruning method, six levels of pruning was performed i.e., （1） Light judicious pruning, （2） Detopping of primary branches at 8 feet from ground level ＋ removal of all secondary branches, （3） Detopping of primary branches at 8 feet from the ground level ＋ removal of all secondary branches at 2 feet from the base of primary branches, （4） Detopping of primary branches at 8 feet from the ground level ＋ removal of all secondary branches at 1 feet from the base of primary branches, （5） Light judicious pruning ＋ Detopping of plant canopy of at 8 feet from the ground level, （6） No pruning （control）. Results of three consecutive years of investigation revealed that light judicious pruning of thin, overlapping, criss-crossed, dead, unproductive and looping branches gave highest fruit yield in all the three years and resulted 64.4 percent yield increment over control when average of three years was considered. Severe pruning of primary and secondary branches caused drastic reduction of yield for two consecutive years after pruning. Judicious pruning helped to produce better sizeable and quality fruits.

Intravenous preemptive analgesia modifies the distribution of lymphocyte subsets after radical mastectomy

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effect of preemptive analgesia of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol on immune response in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In this prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 80 patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20). The FA group (group A) patients received FA before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The tramadol group (group B) patients received tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The control group (group C) patients received saline before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. The combination group (group D) patients received FA and tramadol before tracheal intubation and at the end of surgery. Cluster of differentiation and lymphocytes were measured. Results: The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes decreased postoperatively of all groups except of group A and D at 0.5 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). The CD3, CD4, CD8 and lymphocytes of group D were higher than those of group C at 0.5 h and 4 h postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preemptive analgesia using flurbiprofen axetil (FA) and tramadol may protect the immune system. The immune protective effect of FA may be better than that of tramadol. The combination of FA and tramadol may be the most effective among all the strategies.

Supplementary Irrigation and Soil Amendment Management with Sorghum on Khor Abu Habil （Sudan）

This research was conducted for 3 cropping seasons at Elobeid Research Station in Western Sudan. The objectives were to improve the irrigation water and soil management and crop yield by evaluating the response of sorghum crop to different supplementary irrigation regimes and soil amendments management in flood basin irrigated scheme. The existing flood irrigation practice was basically conducive to late planting, weed growth, late season water stress and pest and diseases attack. Four levels of each irrigation regimes and farm yard manure （FYM） treatments arranged in split-plot design were tested. Rainfall, field capacity, irrigation water added, profile water content, plant height, yield components and water use efficiency were measured. Grain yield was significantly increased （p 〈 0,01） with irrigation treatments where 1919, 1870 and 878 kg/ha were obtained for one, two and no irrigation treatments, respectively. The 3 irrigations treatment has produced relatively lower grain yield （1679 kg/ha）. FYM treatment up to 4-8 t/ha showed increase in grain yield. Water added in 1, 2 and 3 irrigation treatments amounts to 4475, 5302 and 6035 m3/ha, respectively which supplmented the rainfall by 23%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Water use efficiency was greater with 1 and 2 irrigation treatments and 4 t/ha FYM which reached 0.43, 0.35 and 0.28 kg/m3, respectively. The result concludes that providing supplementary irrigation from crop establishment to mid season was found sufficient to improve crop productivity.