施用土壤pH改良剂对弱碱性荔枝园土壤性质及荔枝生长的影响

【目的】研究比较不同土壤pH改良剂在弱碱性荔枝园土壤的施用效果,为该类荔枝园土壤pH的改良提供参考依据。【方法】采集四川省泸州市弱碱性荔枝园土壤(pH 7.53±0.10),分别添加硫磺(2 g/kg)、硫酸铝(4 g/kg)和硫铁矿(4 g/kg),以不加改良剂为对照,同时进行土壤培养试验和荔枝盆栽试验,比较不同改良剂对土壤性质及荔枝生长的影响。【结果】培养试验结果表明,施用硫磺能显著降低土壤pH、土壤脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05,下同),显著提高土壤磷、钙、镁、铁、锰和铜等多种元素有效性,且作用持久;施用硫酸铝和硫铁矿降低土壤pH作用不显著(P>0.05,下同)且时效短,对土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响则与养分和酶的种类有关。盆栽试验结果显示,施用改良剂对移栽230 d后的荔枝叶片光合特性和叶绿素指数均无显著影响,但在移栽300 d后,对照及施用硫酸铝和硫铁矿处理的大部分荔枝植株已逐渐枯死;施用硫磺虽然较对照显著促进荔枝生长,但与移栽时相比,收获时其生物量增量仅为9.55±5.08 g/株,长势仍显著弱于酸性土壤中的荔枝长势。【结论】在弱碱性荔枝园土壤即使施用大量酸性改良剂,其促进荔枝生长的效果也不理想。建议在弱碱性土壤上谨慎规模种植荔枝。

Analysis of pH Value and Primary Nutrients in Blueberry Garden Soil

In order to explore the soil nutrient characteristics and put forward the improvement measures, a field experiment was arranged and performed. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the pH value and primary nutrient status in blueberry garden soil by means of collecting 21 soil samples from the main production base of blueberries in Qingdao, according to the specific requirements of blueberries for soil pH and organic matter and the second national soil survey nutrient classification standard. Results showed that the blueberry garden soil had the following characteristics： acidic soil, low organic matter content with significant differences among different bases, moderate total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents, high available phosphorus content and above moderate available potassium content. Then, it is found that the primary causes were the differences in soil basic fertility, excessive use of sulfur, inadequate inputs of organic matter, not thorough soil improvement, and imperfect fertilizer management in the blueberry gardens. Finally, the corresponding improvement measures were put forward, for example, increasing organic fertilizer and organic matter covering, as well as the application of CaCO_3 and formulated fertilization.

长春市黑皮油松综合复壮技术研究

应用物理、化学和生物综合复壮技术,对长春市行道树——黑皮油松进行学科交叉综合复壮技术研究.首先改良土壤pH,然后通过喷施抑制蒸腾剂、注入营养液,扩大水圈、埋设通气管等方法修复受损的黑皮油松根系,增加其吸收水和无机盐的功能.喷施抑制蒸腾剂养护黑皮油松针叶,注射营养液有效激活了黑皮油松树干的韧皮部筛管分子、伴胞和维管形成层细胞,增加了其光合作用的能力.通过学科交叉研究,解决了长春市行道树黑皮油松针叶枯黄、树势明显衰弱等问题.

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendmenton Fruit Auality and Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Tomato Acidic Soils

[Objective]The aim was to explore the feasibility of applying oyster shell soil amendment for tomato production in order to determine proper quantity of the soil conditional.[Method]Field tests were performed to research effects of the soil conditioner on tomato yield,quality and soil p H.[Result]The results showed that tomato yield increased in the treatment groups with oyster shell soil amendment.The group SC50 increased the most by 16.5%than the control group.Based on normal fertilization,tomato growth was promoted by the soil amendment,and per tomato weight and lycopene content both improved during peak-fruiting period.Besides,soil p H value was enhanced by the soil amendment also.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that the effect was the best when soil conditioner was applied at 750 kg/hm2.