This paper attempts to introduce an improved difference model that modifies a car-following model, which takes the next-nearest-neighbor interaction into account. The hnprovement of this model over the previous one li...This paper attempts to introduce an improved difference model that modifies a car-following model, which takes the next-nearest-neighbor interaction into account. The hnprovement of this model over the previous one lies in that it performs more realistically in the dynamical motion for small delay time. The traffic behavior of the improved model is investigated with analytic and numerical methods with the finding that the new consideration could further stabilize traffic flow. And some simulation tests verify that the proposed model can demonstrate some complex physical features observed recently in real traffic such as the existence of three phases: free flow, coexisting flow, and jam flow; spontaneous formation of density waves; sudden flow drop in flow-density plane; traffic hysteresis in transition between the free and the coexisting flow. Furthermore, th.e improved model also predicts that the stable state to relative density in the coexisting flow is insusceptible to noise.展开更多
AIM: To compare the results of the anoscope of the PPH kit and a modified anoscope during stapled haemorrhoidopexy. METHODS: The hospital records of 37 patients who underwent stapled haemorrhoidopexy between 2001 an...AIM: To compare the results of the anoscope of the PPH kit and a modified anoscope during stapled haemorrhoidopexy. METHODS: The hospital records of 37 patients who underwent stapled haemorrhoidopexy between 2001 and 2006 were reviewed. The purse-string suture anoscope in the PPH kit was used on 15 patients (Group 1), and the modified anoscope was used on 22 patients (Group 2). Demographic characteristics of the patients, operation time, surgeon's performance, analgesic requirement, and complications were compared. RESULTS: Operation time was significantly longer in Group 1 (42.0 4- 8.4 min vs 27.7 4- 8.0 min, P = 0.039). The surgeons reported their operative performance as significantly better in Group 2 (the results of the assessments were poor in ten, medium in four and good in one in Group 1, while good in all patients in Group 2, P 〈 0.001). The need for haemostatic sutures was significantly higher in Group 1 (six cases) and was needed in two cases in Group 2 (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Operation time decreased and the surgeon's satisfaction increased with use of the modified anoscope, and fewer haemostatic sutures were required if the surgeon waited longer before and after firing the stapler.展开更多
基金The project supported by the Key Foundation Project of Shanghai under Grant No. 032912066
文摘This paper attempts to introduce an improved difference model that modifies a car-following model, which takes the next-nearest-neighbor interaction into account. The hnprovement of this model over the previous one lies in that it performs more realistically in the dynamical motion for small delay time. The traffic behavior of the improved model is investigated with analytic and numerical methods with the finding that the new consideration could further stabilize traffic flow. And some simulation tests verify that the proposed model can demonstrate some complex physical features observed recently in real traffic such as the existence of three phases: free flow, coexisting flow, and jam flow; spontaneous formation of density waves; sudden flow drop in flow-density plane; traffic hysteresis in transition between the free and the coexisting flow. Furthermore, th.e improved model also predicts that the stable state to relative density in the coexisting flow is insusceptible to noise.
文摘AIM: To compare the results of the anoscope of the PPH kit and a modified anoscope during stapled haemorrhoidopexy. METHODS: The hospital records of 37 patients who underwent stapled haemorrhoidopexy between 2001 and 2006 were reviewed. The purse-string suture anoscope in the PPH kit was used on 15 patients (Group 1), and the modified anoscope was used on 22 patients (Group 2). Demographic characteristics of the patients, operation time, surgeon's performance, analgesic requirement, and complications were compared. RESULTS: Operation time was significantly longer in Group 1 (42.0 4- 8.4 min vs 27.7 4- 8.0 min, P = 0.039). The surgeons reported their operative performance as significantly better in Group 2 (the results of the assessments were poor in ten, medium in four and good in one in Group 1, while good in all patients in Group 2, P 〈 0.001). The need for haemostatic sutures was significantly higher in Group 1 (six cases) and was needed in two cases in Group 2 (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Operation time decreased and the surgeon's satisfaction increased with use of the modified anoscope, and fewer haemostatic sutures were required if the surgeon waited longer before and after firing the stapler.